Unit 3:Chapters 13-17
Essays
1. Election of Andrew Jackson (1824/1828-1832)
- Explain how this election was both a cause and effect of the growth of democracy
- Explain the term "Revolution of 1828".
2. Post-War of 1812
- Nationalism-why it developed and strenghtened
- Describe developements to illustrate growth of nationalism
Review Questions
1. What did Van Buren's Independent Treasury Plan intend to do? Create a private treasury for the federal government; To ensure the absolute safety of federal funds, President Van Buren proposed, and Congress passed legislation creating an Independent Treasury. This took the federal government out of banking. All payments to the government were to be made in hard cash and it was to be stored in government vaults until needed.
2. What effect did each of the following have on settling the western frontier?
a) discovery of gold in California
manifest destiny
b) Pre-emption Act of 1841: The Pre-Emption Act of 1841 was extended to the Washington Territory in 1854, providing another method that settlers could obtain land. Under the Pre-Emption Act of 1841, a settler could acquire 160 acres of land the price of $1.25 per acre. any head of a family, widow, or single man who had obtained his majority, and did not already own 320 acres of land, was granted a pre-emptory right to this purchase. In 1870, the price doubled to $2.50 per acre. The law required the settler to reside upon the land in question and improve it prior to purchase. Settlers almost never waited for the federal surveyors to plat the land, rather grabbed "squatters rights" and waited for the survey to file their claim. Of course, this led to more than one land dispute. To claim the land, the settler filed first a declatory statement identifying the land, and awaited the lagging federal survey. The Clark and Parvin farms suffered disputed claims. On unsurveyed lands, generally the claimant had to "prove up" within a year (a tacit recognition that the land had been claimed prior to its being legally available). On surveyed lands, they could "prove up" by providing proof of settlement, improvement and the payment of the required fee any time before the land was offered for public sale. Very little land ever arrived at the public sale stage. While the Pre-Emption Act of 1841 was in effect until 1891, few farms were actually purchased under this act. Yet it was important to the settlement and expansion of Washington farms. Many settlers used the act to establish their claims by filing the required Declatory Statement, but changed their entry to one of the other settlement laws.
c)Proclamation of 1763:The British proclaimed a new western policy in the Proclamation of 1763. No settlers were allowed to cross the Appalachian divide. It was much resented by land hungry American colonists.
d) missionaries
e)investment in European capital
3. What political positions did Henry Clay hold? Speaker of the House and Secretary of State under Adams.
4. What was attempted to try and solve the difficulties brought on by the Panic of 1837? Jackson issued the Specie Circular banning the use of paper money or credit to buy land as a last ditch attempt to avoid depression
5. The document that came out of the Seneca Falls Convention, 1848, was modeled after what document? The Declaration of Sentiment was modeled after the Declaration of Independence;read by Elizabeth Cady Stanton it outlined the goals of women and stated "All men and women are created equal."
6. What principles were the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions and the South Carolina Exposition concerned with? The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions were Jefferson and Madison's prostest of the Alien and Sedition Acts which infringed on the Constitution and states rights held within it. The South Carolina Expostion argued that it was fully constitutional for a state to "nullify" a bill that would pass a tariff which would hurt their economy and threatened secession till appeased with the Tariff Compromise of 1833.
7. Who were the candidates of the Election of 1828? Andrew Jackson and John Quincy Adams
8. What did Jackson's action in the nullification controversy confirm? Strength of the Union above States Rights
9. What was the consequence of South Carolina's nullification of the Tariff in 1832? Jackson responded by threatening the use of federal troops to compel South Carolina to obey federal law. Henry Clay devised the Compromise Tariff of 1833 which gradually reduced the rates levied under the Tariffs of 1828 and 1832. It caused South Carolina to withdraw the ordinance nullifying the Tariffs of 1828 and 1832. Both protectionists and anti-protectionists accepted the compromise.
10. What positions did Andrew Jackson hold? President, General, Congressman, Senator, Justice on Tennessee Supreme Court, and Governor of Florida Territory.
11. John Ward, Marvin Myers, Lee Benson and Arthur Schlesinger Jr., are historians that about the "Age of the Common Man"
12. The Barnburners of the 1840's were Democrats
13. What were the common demands of labor during the Jacksonian Era? labor unions wanted ten hour working days, higher wages, and
tolerable working conditions (Thanks Slack!!!)
14. Richard Hofstadler refers to Calhoun as "the Marx of the Master Class" because Calhoun's social and political theories anticipated some of the ideas of Marx.
15. What was the major issue of the Webster-Hayne debate of 1830? The Webster-Hayne debate in 1830 was over an 1830 bill by Samuel A. Foote to limit the sale of public lands in the west to new settlers. Daniel Webster, in a dramatic speech, showed the danger of the states' rights doctrine, which permitted each state to decide for itself which laws were unconstitutional, claiming it would lead to civil war. States' rights (South) vs. nationalism (North).
16. Cities, such as Cleveland in the Midwest, developed mainly because of the opening of the Erie Canal.
17. A city such as Chicago had rapid growth in the 1850's because of the building of railroads.
18. The Election of 1824-why was it rather unique? Because Jackson did not get the majority in the Electoral College the presidential vote was passed on to the House of Representatives. The Speaker of the House at the time, Henry Clay, was a strong backer of the candidate John Q. Adams swayed the vote toward his favorite. This "corrupt bargain" (Clay was appointed Secretary of State in return) upset Jackson supporters and was seen as an insult to the "common man"
19. Know the Maine Law of 1851. In 1851, Maine passed the first effective law prohibiting the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages. This was the culmination of a movement led by Neal Dow.
20. Identify-Eli Whitney.He developed the cotton gin(engine) and standardized interchangeable parts. The cotton gin separated cotton from seeds. It raised the Southern economy and reinforced the importance of slavery in the south.
21. Define-American Temperance Union: The founding of the American Temperance Union in 1826 signaled the start of a national crusade against drunkenness. Using a variety of techniques, the union set out to persuade people not to drink intoxicating beverages.
22. Results of the Industrial Revolution
a) rise of labor unions
b) mass production
c) growth of cities
d) influx of people
23. Why weren't the Cherokees helped by the Supreme Court's decision in their favor? They were forced to relocate and many of them died on the Trail of Tears. Ultimately they were forced from the land they had been promised and put on smaller reservations.
24. What was the Know Nothing Party's position on immigration?
They were nativists (against immigration)
25. Define-Nullification-The canceling or destroyng of the legal effectiveness of a law, tradition, or agreement.
Spoils System-the winning party gets to distribute to it's workers. (Jackson)
26. What side did Calhoun support int he Webster-Hayne Debate? the south
27. What did the Seneca Falls Declaration of 1848 deal with? See Question 5
28. During the 1830's the use of national nominating conventions came about.
29. In 1836, what type of people supported the Whig party?
the aristocrats
30. What effect did the McCormick reaper have on westward expansion?
more could be farmed so more land was desired
31. The woman's rights movement of the early 19th century grew out of the anti-slavery crusade.
32. After the War of 1812, there was a growth of nationalism in the US.
33. What was John Quincy Adams' position regarding states' rights? He was a nationalist and was
therefore called the Yankee in the White House. He refused to recognize that the
country was headed toward scetionalism and states' rightalism, thus he opposed
states' rights and favored federal supremacy.(Thanks Kadee!!!)