Unit 6: Chapters 30-34
1. Know the definition of:
a.)Roosevelt Corollary: United States had a right to intervene in the internal affairs of Latin American nations if they became unstable. The United States assumed the role of policeman of the Western Hemisphere.
b.)Return to Normalcy:
c.)Wilson's Fourteen Points:
d.)suffrage: seeking the right to vote
e.)suffragists:people seeking the right to vote
2. Know what the following Amendments accomplished and dates:
a.)16-February 3, 1913: income tax
b.)17-April 8, 1913: election of senators
c.)18-January 16, 1933: prohibition
d.)19-August 18, 1920: universal suffrage
e.)Platt Amendment-The Platt Amendment to the Cuban constitution authorized U.S. intervention in Cuba to protect its interests. Cuba pledged not to make foreign treaties that might compromise its independence, and it granted naval bases to the United States, the most notable being Guantanamo Bay.
f.)Teller Amendment-
3. Know what the following laws dealt with:
a.)Sherman Antitrust Act-1890:nation's first antitrust act, made any concentration (monopoly) in restraint of trade illegal. This already weak law was emasculated when the Supreme Court ruled in "United States v. E. C. Knight Co." (1895) that manufacturing was excluded from the antitrust law. The Sherman Act was often invoked to destroy labor unions.
b.)Pure Food and Drug act-1906: established Food and Drug Administration
c.)Hepburn Act-1906:The 1906 Hepburn Act put teeth in the regulatory power of the Interstate Commerce Commission. It gave the commission power to inspect railroad companies' records, set maximum rates, and outlaw free passes, which were often used to influence politicians.
4. Know the dates of:
a.) Administrations
1. McKinley: 1896-1900
2. T. Roosevelt:1900-1908
3. Taft: 1908-1912
4. Wilson: 1912-1920
5. Harding: 1920-1923
5. Identify/define/explain:
a)Colonel House-openly pro-british, he was sent to Europe by wilson to mediate. He tolerated no interference in foriegn policy.
b)Henry Stimson:sec. of state under hoover and he said us not to interfere wtih league embargo
c)William Jennings Bryan-Bryan, on the strength of his famous "Cross of Gold" speech, won the Democratic and Populist parties' nominations for president in 1896. He campaigned widely on a free-silver platform for currency inflation, but was defeated by Republican William McKinley. He was later President Wilson's secretary of state, and a leading figure in the 1924 Scopes trial.
d)Versailles Treaty and its relation to the League of Nations
e)Wilson's ideals
f)Jacob-Riis:In 1890, journalist Jacob Riis wrote "How the Other Half Lives" to expose the unhealthy conditions of tenement life in New York City.
g)Ida Tarbell:Muckraker-"History of Standard Oil Co."-wrote for McClures
h)Lincoln Steffens:fellow muckraker who wrote for mcclure
i)Eugene Debs-Debs was the president of the American Railway Union, which struck the Pullman Palace Car Company in the 1894 Pullman strike. Debs was arrested for violating a court injunction, a sentence upheld by the Supreme Court in "In re Debs" (1895), which ruled injunctions were legal in labor disputes, thus hindering the effectiveness of labor strikes
6. Compare TR's "New Nationalism" with Wilson's "New Freedom." New Nationalism:Herbert Croly...Hamilton, not jefferson was right, and that the govt should intervene int he operation of society - New Freedom: louis brandeis-big=bad
7. Who was the first president to be elected after woman won the right to vote? Harding
8. How did WWI affect the Progressive Movement? Came to an end. American reform efforts now turned to a "crusading zeal" to make the world "safe for democracy" The war left Ams disillusioned and after the war they reverted to conservatism and nationalism, typical of postwar periods
9. What were the common arguments "for and against" women's suffrage?
10.What is the basic purpose of the Federal Reserve System?Control the money supply, help small banks stay open, and move away from laissez-faire
11.Why did organized labor hail the Clayton Antitrust Act as the wage earner's Magna Carta? its b/c it legally lifted human labor out of the category of a" COMMODITY OR ARTICLE OF COMMERCE"
12.What did the Fourteen Points state about secret treaties? wanted to end them
13.In Wilson's War Message, what did he state was the reason we were going to war? "To make the world safe for democracy"
14.What was the Sussex Pledge? German pledge to stop sinking merchant vessels with U-boats
15.What was the Zimmerman Note? Germany offered to help mexico regain lost land if mexico supported Germany in the event of the US entering the war
16.Who was Wilson's Secretary of State who was against WWI? William Jennings Bryan, he resigned at the onset
17.In 1910, House "Insurgents" showed their strength by reducing the power of the Speaker.
18.Why did Wilson refuse to recognize Huerta?his violent homicidal tactics
19.What were the Lodge reservations of 1919?
20.The Sherman Antitrust Act was not vigorously enforced. The business leaders even found a way to use it against labor unions.
21.Progressive Era:
a)It grew in response to the conditions created by industrialization, urbanization, and immigration
b)It accomplished child labor legislation, antitrust legislation, government reform.
c)Progressives favored strong government intervention to achieve their goals.
22.How was the Clayton Antitrust Act an improvement over the Sherman Antitrust Act? outlawed interlocking directorates, exempted labor unions from Antitrust laws, and outlawed injunctions
23.The Russian Revolution took Russian troops out fo WWI increasin the plight of the allies.
24.All Quiet On the Western Front is a famous book dealing with WWI.
25.President Taft believed in government by laws rather than by men.
26.Know the characteristics of the Federal Reserve System.
- division of the country into 12 districts, each having a Federal Reserve bank.
- use of the Federal Reserve banks as "bankers' banks" for deposits of cash reserves of national banks and of state banks who wished to join the system
- issuance of Federal Reserve notes (paper currency)
- provision for loans from the Federal Reserve banks to member banks in time of need
- the establishment of a federal reserve board
27.Wilson's war aim was to "make the world safe for democracy."
28.The main objective of the Muckrackers was to cleanse capitalistic society.
29.Pure food legislation was accelerated by Upton Sinclair's the Jungle
30.The US declared war on Spain with the primary avowed intention of liberating Cuba.
31.What were the causes of the Spanish-American War?
32.The "Brandeis Brief," named after Associate Justice Louis D. Brandeis, appointed to the Supreme Court in 1916, is a legal brief filled with social and economic arguments.
33.What hastened the annexation of Hawaii? us's desire for naval ports
34.Wilson's Fourteen Points were designed to keep Russia in the war and weaken the enemy, in addition to being good for propaganda.