Chronology for The Gospels After Josephus.

Rome and the Jews:
Herod’s birth, 73 BCE
Pompey in Jerusalem and enters the Holy of Holies, 63
Civil war between Pompey & Caesar, 49
Death of Pompey, 48
Caesar saved at Alexandria by Herod’s father Antipater, 47
Herod appointed governor of Galilee, 46
Caesar assassinated, 44
Herod assigned Galilee by Antony, 41
Herod goes to Rome and is appointed king of Judea, 40
Herod meets Augustus and is confirmed king, 31
Famine and Herod’s relief, 25
Temple reconstruction started, 19
Marcus Agrippa and Herod in Asia, 14
Dedication of the temple, 10
Death of Herod, 4 BCE to 6 CE
Archelaus king, to 6 CE
Judea made Roman province, 6 CE


 
 
Roman Emperors:
The Herods:		 Roman Governors of Judea:

Augustus 27 BCE-14 CE
 

Tiberius, 14-37
 

Gaius Caligula, 37-41

Claudius, 41-54
 
 

Nero, 54-68
 
 

3 Emperors, 68-69
Vespasian, 69-79
Titus, 79-81
Domitian, 81-96
Nerva, 96-98
Trajan, 98-117
Hadrian, 117-138
Antonius Pius, 138-161
Marcus Aurelius, 161-180
Commodus, 180-196
Pertinax, 192
Severus, 193-211
Caracalla, 201-217

 Herod the Great 40/37- 4 BCE
Archelaus 4 BCE-6 CE
 

Herod Phillip 4 BCE -33/4 CE

Herod Antipas 4 BCE - 39 CE

Herod Agrippa I - 41/44 CE
 
 

Herod Agrippa II - 56/100 CE
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

 Coponius -under Quirinius 6-9
M. Ambivius ,9-12
Rufus, Annius, 12-15
Gratus, Valerius, 15-26
Pontius Pilate, 26-36
Marcellus & Marullus, 36-37
Capito, Herennius, 37-41
Herod, 41-44
Faddus, Cuspus, 44-46
Tiberius Alexander, 46-48
Cumanus, Ventidius, 48-52
Felix, Antonius, 52-60
Festus, Porcius, 60-62
Albinus, Clodius, 62-64
Florus, Gessius, 64-66
Jewish War, 66-73
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 


Dates During the Jewish War 66-73 CE

Date         Event
0-5-66     Jewish war starts
0-6-66     Florus evacuates Jerusalem
0-7-66     Masada taken by Zealots
15-7-66   Herod Agrippa flees Jerusalem for Caesarea
10-8-66   Nero goes to Greece
0-11-66   Cestius Gallus defeated by Jews
0-12-66   Josephus commander in Galilee
0-2-67     Vespasian sent, by Nero, to Judea with Herod Agrippa II
0-3-67     Vespasian leaves Antioch for Galilee
3-6-67     Josephus in Jotapata
20-7-67   Jotapata destroyed
23-7-67   Josephus gives oracle to Vespasian
26-9-67   Capharnaum massacre of 6,000 Jews
10-10-67 Gamala taken
15-10-67 Galilee subdued
0-11-67   Vespasian winters his troops around Caesarea
1-3-68     Vespasian attacks Judea
21-3-68   Gadara captured
22-3-68   Nero return to Rome
15-4-68   Galba revolts
9-6-68     Nero suicides
20-6-68   Vespasian at Jericho and the Dead Sea
25-6-68   Gerasa taken
1-7-68     Jerusalem isolated
30-10-68 Vespasian winters his army at Caesarea
0-11-68   Mt. Carmel prophecy for Vespasian?
7-11-68   Galba in Rome
1-1-69     Oath to Galba
1-1-69     Herod Agrippa II and Titus to Rome to Galba
15-1-69   Galba murdered
20-1-69   Titus returns to Judea and Agrippa continues to Rome
16-4-69   Otho suicides
20-4-69   Vitellius emperor
0-5-69     Herod Agrippa returns to Vespasian in Judea
1-7-69     Egypt first to swear to Vespasian as emperor
3-7-69     Judean legions swear to Vespasian
15-7-69   Syrian legions under Mucianus swear to Vespasian
15-8-69   Mucianus leaves for Rome with three legions
0-11-69   Vespasian in Egypt
20-12-69 Vitellius killed
21-12-69 Mucianus enters Rome
2-1-70     Vespasian dispatches corn ships to Rome
1-3-70     Vespasian goes to Rome
15-4-70   Titus commences final campaign in Judea
30-8-70   Temple in Jerusalem burnt
26-9-70   Jerusalem destroyed
1-1-71     Jewish tax to Rome rather than Jerusalem
1-7-72     Vespasian’s and Titus’ triumph at Rome
0-6-73     Masada falls to Romans


 


 Bandits, Prophets & Messiahs around the time of Jesus.

Edited from Crossan, J.D., The Historical Jesus, Appendix 2, pp. 451-452. References are to Josephus’ Jewish Wars [JW], Jewish Antiquities [JA], Life, & NT Acts.
Note [*] The Galilean family of Ezekias, Judas, Menahem & Eleazar - from 47 BCE to 70 CE!

Dates BCE to CE:
-47 Ezekias, JW 1.204-207, JA 14.159-179 - Bandit *
-37 Galilean cave bandits, JW 1.304-313, JA 14.414-430 - Bandit
-4 Simon of Pera, JW 2.57-59, JA 17.271-272 - Messiah
-4 Athronges of Judea & four brothers, JW 2.60-65, JA 17.278-284 - Messiah
 6 Judas the Galilean son of Ezekias JW 2.56, JA 17.271-272 - Messiah *
30 John the Baptist, JA 18.116-119 - Prophet
33? Jesus son of Mary JA 18.3.3. Messiah
36 The Samaritan Prophet, JA 18.85-89 - Prophet
44-46 Tholomaeus (Ptolemaeus), JA 20.5 - Bandit
44-46 Theudas, JA 20,97-98 & Acts 5;36 - Prophet
46 James & Simon, sons of Judas the Galilean, executed. JA 20,97-98 - Bandits*
48-52 Beth-horon Bandits, JW 2.228-229, JA 20.113-114 - Bandit
51-52 Alexander & Eleazar, JW 2.232-246, JA 20.118-136 - Bandit
52-60 Eleazar son of Deinaeus, JW 2.253, JA 20.161 - Bandit
52-60 Egyptian Prophet, JW 2.261-263, JA 20.169-170, Acts 21;38 - Prophet
60-62 Unnamed Bandits, JW 2.278-279, JA 20.255-257 - Bandit
62-70 Jesus son of Ananias, JW 6.300-309 - Prophet
66 Menahem grandson of Judas the Galilean, JW 2.433-434 - Messiah *
66 Jesus of Galilee and his 600 followers, Life 40 - Bandit
66-67 John the Essene, JW 2,20,4 & 3,2,1. Bandit.
66-67 John of Gischala, JW 4,2,1. Bandit
66-67 Josephus (rebel army), JW 2.568-576 - Bandit
66-67 Jesus of Ptolmais, Life 104-111 - Bandit
68-69 Zealots in Jerusalem, JW 4.135-138 - Bandits
68-70 Simon son of Gioras, JW 2.521, 652-654 - Messiah
70-73 Eleazar grandson of Judas the Galilean, JW 7. 9, commander at Masada*

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