April 22, 2001
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April 22, 2001
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April is:
Today is:
Born on this Day
1451: Spanish Queen Isabella I, who funded the first voyage of
Christopher Columbus to the New World
1707: English novelist Henry Fielding
1724: Immanuel Kant
1870: Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, leader of Russia's 1917 Communist
Revolution
1904: Pioneer nuclear physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer
1916: Violin virtuoso Yehudi Menuhin
1908: Actor Eddie Albert
1916: Violinist Sir Yehudi Menuhin
1922: Jazz bass player Charles Mingus
1923: T-V producer Aaron Spelling
1925: Actor George Cole
1926: Actress Charlotte Rae
1936: Singer Glen Campbell
1937: Actor Jack Nicholson
1937: Songwriter-musician Jack Nitzsche
1939: Actor-writer Jason Miller
1943: Singer Mel Carter
1945: Country singer Cleve Francis
1946: Movie director John Waters
1950: Singer Peter Frampton
1951: Rock singer-musician Paul Carrack (Mike and the Mechanics;
Squeeze)
1951: Rock musician (Kiss) (Paul) Ace Frehley
1954: Actor Joseph Bottoms
1959: Actor Ryan Stiles ("The Drew Carey Show")
1961: Comedian Byron Allen
1964: Actor Chris Makepeace
1967: Country singer-musician Heath Wright (Ricochet)
1967: Actress Sheryl Lee
1971: Actor Ingo Rademacher ("General Hospital")
1979: Rock singer-musician Daniel Johns (Silverchair)
0536: Death of St. Agapetus, Pope
0960: Coronation of Basil II as Emperor of the Eastern
Roman Empire
1073: Hildebrand of Soana elected Pope Gregory VII (the
Great)
1233: Pope Gregory IX establishes the Order of Preachers
as Inquisitors in France
1348: Edward III, King of England, retrieves the Garter of
the Countess of Salisbury, and remarks "Shame be to him who thinks evil of it,"
thus beginning the Order of the Garter
1369: Hugues d'Aubriot founds the Bastille, Paris
1370: Construction of the Bastille begun
1418: Council of Constance, that re-united the Roman
Catholic Church after the Great Schism, ended
1500: Pedro Alvarez Cabral sights Brazil, claims it for
Portugal
1509: Henry the Eighth ascended the throne of England
following the death of his father, Henry the Seventh.
1521: Defeat of the Revolt of the Comuneros
1529: Treaty of Saragossa. The treaty divided Spanish and
Portuguese interests in the Pacific Ocean. Portugal regained control of the Moluccas in
return for compensation.
1541: St. Ignatius of Loyola elected first General of the
Jesuits
1592: Death of Bartolomeo Ammannati, sculptor and
architect.
1793: U.S. President George Washington issued a
Proclamation of Neutrality to ensure that the United States did not become involved in the
war between France and Britain.
1793: Philadelphia played host to the first circus
attended by George Washington.
1834: the Quadruple Alliance was formed between Britain,
France, Portugal and Spain, supporting Isabella II's claim to the Spanish throne against
Don Carlos.
1838: The British steamship Sirius became the first to
cross the Atlantic from Britain to New York on steam power only. The journey from Cork to
New York took 18 days 10 hours.
1842: Cesar Franck was withdrawn from the Paris
Conservatory by his father who decided to cancel Franck's composition studies and get his
son to start earning a living from his keyboard training. Franck became an accomplished
organist.
1864: By an act of Congress, the phrase "In God We
Trust" was authorized to be stamped on all U.S. coins.
1876: An eight-team National League began its inaugural
season of 70 games. The original eight teams: Boston, Chicago, Cincinnati, Hartford,
Louisville, New York, Philadelphia and St. Louis.
1889: The Oklahoma Land Rush began at noon as thousands of
homesteaders staked claims.
1898: The first shot of the Spanish-American War rang out
as the USS Nashville captured a Spanish merchant ship off Key West, Florida.
1914: Babe Ruth made his professional pitching debut with
the Baltimore Orioles. He shut out the Buffalo Bisons, 6-0.
1915: During World War I, German forces became the first
to use poison gas on the Western Front.
1930: The United States, Britain and Japan signed the
London Naval Treaty, which regulated submarine warfare and limited shipbuilding.
1931: A contraption known as the autogyro landed on the
lawn of the White House. President Herbert Hoover shook hands with the pilot, James G.
Ray, and gave him a trophy.
1944: During World War Two, US forces began invading
Japanese-held New Guinea with amphibious landings near Hollandia.
1952: An atomic test conducted in Nevada became the first
nuclear explosion shown on live network television.
1954: The televised Senate Army-McCarthy hearings began.
1964: President Johnson opened the New York World's Fair.
1964: Greville Wynn, British businessman imprisoned in
Moscow in 1963 for spying was exchanged for Gordon Lonsdale, in prison in London.
1967: Randy Matson set a world outdoor record in the shot
put with a toss of 71 feet, 5½ inches in College Station, Texas.
1969: British lone yachtsman Robin Knox-Johnston arrived
at Falmouth after completing the first solo nonstop circumnavigation of the Earth in just
312 days.
1970: Millions of Americans concerned about the
environment observed the first "Earth Day."
1972: Apollo 16 astronauts John Young and Charles Duke
walked and rode on the surface of the moon for seven hours, 23 minutes.
1983: The West German magazine "Stern" announced
a major historical find - the discovery of 60 volumes of personal diaries purported to
have been handwritten by Adolf Hitler. However, the diaries turned out to be a hoax.
1984: A godson of Edward Elgar, breaking a silence of five
decades, revealed that the 13th "Enigma" variation, the only one Elgar never
publicly identified, was meant to portray Helen Jessie Weaver, a woman who was once
engaged to Elgar.
1984: Britain severed diplomatic relations with Libya; the
move came after the government of Moammar Gadhafi refused to cooperate with an inquiry
into a shooting outside the Libyan embassy in London that left 12 people dead.
1985: Jose Sarney was sworn in as Brazil's first civilian
president in 21 years.
1985: The board of directors of CBS Inc. unanimously
rejected Ted Turner's bid for a controlling interest, prompting the Atlanta cable and
sports executive to launch an unsuccessful hostile takeover.
1985: Washington and Lee University researchers reported
that Martha Washington was worth 29,650 pounds when she and George were married. The
29,650 pounds was worth $5.9 million on their wedding day.
1986: Britain rounded up 21 Libyans -- all but one of them
university students - and said it would expel them for what was termed "revolutionary
activity."
1987: Joe Hunt, leader of a social and investment group
called the "Billionaire Boys Club," was convicted by a jury in Santa Monica,
California, of murdering Ron Levin, a con man whose body has never been found. (Hunt was
sentenced to life in prison.)
1988: Secretary of State George P. Shultz, visiting the
Soviet Union, met with President Mikhail S. Gorbachev, who reportedly criticized the
Reagan administration for its "confrontational" approach to US-Soviet relations.
1989: The Xinhua News Agency reported the first outbreak
of violence stemming from China's pro-democracy protests, in the provincial capital of
Xian.
1990: Pro-Iranian kidnappers in Lebanon freed American
hostage Robert Pohill after nearly 39 months of captivity.
1990: Millions of Americans joined in a worldwide 20th
anniversary celebration of the first Earth Day.
1991: Sixty people were killed when a strong earthquake
shook Costa Rica and neighboring Panama, causing millions of dollars' worth of damage.
1991: The White House promised a full accounting of chief
of staff John Sununu's travels as it sought to stem political fallout over reports of his
extensive personal use of military jets.
1992: The Supreme Court heard arguments on Pennsylvania's
restrictive abortion law (the court upheld most of the law's provisions the following
June, but also reaffirmed a woman's basic right to an abortion).
1992: In Guadalajara, Mexico, more than 200 people were
killed by a series of sewer explosions.
1992: Sixteen U.S. and Dutch parachutists were killed when
their plane crashed at Perris Valley Airport in California.
1993: Govenor Guy Hunt, Alabama's first Republican
governor since the Reconstruction, was removed from office after being convicted of
felony ethics violations.
1993: The U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum was dedicated in
Washington, D.C., to honor the victims of Nazi extermination. Nobel laureate Elie Wiesel
was on hand to help open the memorial.
1994: Richard M. Nixon, the 37th president of the United
States, died at New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, four days after suffering a
stroke. He was 81.
1995: At least 2,000 Rwandan refugees were massacred by
Rwandan troops at a camp in Kibeho.
1996: After eleven days of focusing on Hezbollah
guerrillas, Israeli warplanes turned to a new target in Lebanon, attacking the heavily
fortified base of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine.
1996: Homemaker-humorist Erma Bombeck died in San
Francisco at age 69 from kidney failure.
1997: In Peru, government commandos stormed the Japanese
ambassador's residence, ending a 126-day hostage crisis; all 14 Tupac Amaru rebels were
killed, 71 hostages were rescued.
1997: President Clinton flew over the flooded town of
Grand Forks, North Dakota.
1997: A jury of seven men and five women was chosen in
Denver to hear the Oklahoma
1998: A young woman charged along with her high school
sweetheart with murdering their newborn at a Delaware motel pleaded guilty to
manslaughter. Amy Grossberg was later sentenced to two and a-half years in prison; Brian
Peterson received a lesser sentence of two years because he'd cooperated with
authorities.
1999: At Columbine High School in Littleton, Colo.,
investigators found a powerful bomb made from a propane tank, heightening suspicions that
gunmen Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold, who killed 13 people before killing themselves,
intended to destroy the school, and may have had help in assembling their arsenal.
1999: NATO warplanes struck directly against Yugoslav
President Slobodan Milosevic, destroying his luxurious mansion.
2000: In surreal pre-dawn raid, armed immigration agents seized Elian Gonzalez from
the safety of his relatives' home in Miami. The frightened Elian was reunited with his father at Andrews Air Force Base near Washington.
2000: Broadway producer Alexander Cohen died in New York at age 79.
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