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0286: Decapitation of St. Alban, said to be 1st Christian martyr in
Britain
0679: Death of St. Etheldreda (Audrey)
0930: First meeting of the Icelandic Parliament
1097: Turkish army surrenders to Crusaders at Nicea
1314: The army of Edward II, King of England, crosses the Bannockburn
1377: Death of Edward III, King of England
1532: Peace of Nuremburg
1626: A large Codfish, opened at Cambridge market, was found to contain a copy of John
Frith's book of religious treatises
1634: Prince Ferdinand's army leaves Milan for Germany
1637: St Gilles Riot
1650: Charles II, King of England, lands in Scotland
1836: Congress approved the Deposit Act, which contained a provision for turning over
surplus federal revenue to the states.
1845: The Congress of the Republic of Texas agreed to annexation by the United States.
1860: Modest Mussorgsky finished work on "Night on Bald Mountain," to use the
most common English-language title. The literal translation of the original title was,
"Saint John's Night on a Bare Mountain," which is certainly more evocative.
1868: Christopher Latham Sholes received a patent for an invention he called a
"Type-Writer."
1931: Aviators Wiley Post and Harold Gatty took off from New York on the first
round-the-world flight in a single-engine plane.
1938: The Civil Aeronautics Authority was established.
1947: Congress enacted the Taft-Hartley labor act over the veto of President Truman.
1956: Gamal Abdel Nasser was elected president of Egypt.
1967: President Johnson and Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin held the first of two meetings
in Glassboro, New Jersey.
1967: The Senate censured Sen. Thomas Dodd, D-Conn., for misusing campaign funds.
1969: Warren E. Burger was sworn in as chief justice of the United States by the man he
was succeeding, Earl Warren.
1972: President Nixon and White House chief of staff H.R. Haldeman discussed a plan to use
the CIA to obstruct the FBI's Watergate investigation. (Revelation of the tape recording
of this conversation sparked Nixon's resignation in 1974.)
1985: An Air India Boeing 747 from Toronto crashed off the Irish coast, killing all 329
people aboard in the world's worst commercial air disaster at sea.
1986: House Speaker Thomas "Tip" O'Neill refused a request from the White House
for President Reagan to address only the House of Representatives on the issue of aid for
the Nicaraguan Contras.
1987: The Iran-Contra hearings resumed with testimony from former CIA employee Glenn A.
Robinette, who said he'd installed a $14,000 security system at the home of Lieutenant
Colonel Oliver North, then helped make it appear that North had paid for the work.
1987: Alice Cooper broke six ribs when he fell off the stage in Vancouver.
1987: Severe hailstorms in eastern Colorado caused $70 million in property and crop
damage.
1987: Madonna became the first celebrity cover girl to appear on Cosmopolitan's cover
since Elizabeth Taylor in 1969.
1988: Pope John Paul the Second began his second papal visit to Austria, where he met with
President Kurt Waldheim, despite controversy over Waldheim's alleged involvement in Nazi
war crimes.
1989: The U.S. Supreme Court refused to shut down the dial-a-porn industry, ruling that
Congress had gone too far in passing a law banning all sexually-oriented phone message
services.
1990: African National Congress leader Nelson Mandela received a tumultuous welcome in
Boston as he continued his U.S. tour.
1991: The Group of Seven finance ministers and central bankers, meeting in London, agreed
that the Soviet Union should become the first associate member of the International
Monetary Fund.
1992: John Gotti, convicted of racketeering charges, was sentenced in New York to life in
prison.
1992: Israel's Labor Party upset the hard-line Likud bloc in parliamentary elections. John
Gotti, convicted of racketeering charges, was sentenced in New York to life in prison.
1993: In a case that drew widespread attention, Lorena Bobbitt of Prince William County,
Virginia, sexually mutilated her husband, John, after he allegedly raped her. (John
Bobbitt was later acquitted of marital sexual assault; Lorena Bobbitt was later acquitted
of malicious wounding by reason of insanity.)
1993: Neville Marriner and the Academy of St. Martin-in-the-Fields recorded a whole lot of
Handel for the German label Hanssler. First out was the early Concerti Grossi. It took
three compact discs to record all of Handel's Concerti Grossi.
1993: Princeton University professor Andrew Wiles claimed to have proven Fermat's last
theorem, a problem that had perplexed mathematicians for 350 years.
1994: French marines and Foreign Legionnaires headed into Rwanda to try to stem the
country's ethnic slaughter.
1994: The United States and Russia signed agreements in Washington on cooperating in space
and economic development.
1995: Dr. Jonas Salk, the medical pioneer who developed the first vaccine to halt the
crippling rampage of polio, died in La Jolla, California, at age 80.
1996: Congressional Democrats unveiled a "families first" legislative package
aimed at winning middle-class voters and retaking Capitol Hill.
1996: Former Greek prime minister Andreas Papandreou died at age 77.
1997: Civil rights activist Betty Shabazz, the widow of Malcolm X, died in New York of
burns suffered in a fire set by her 12-year-old grandson; she was 61. (Malcolm Shabazz was
sentenced to 18 months at a Massachusetts facility specializing in young arsonists.)
1998: President Clinton said the reported discovery of traces of deadly nerve gas on an
Iraqi missile warhead gave the United States new ammunition to maintain tough UN sanctions
against the Baghdad government.
1999: A divided Supreme Court dramatically enhanced states' rights in three decisions that
eroded Congress' power.
1999: U.S. Marines in Kosovo killed one person and wounded two others
after coming under fire; no Marines were injured.
2000: Secretary of State Madeleine Albright, during a visit to South Korea, said American troops would remain in the country indefinitely to maintain strategic stability in the Pacific area.
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