Most Important Notes from PHIL 240 {x words}
XVII. Lesson Seventeen - x
A. x
B. x
C. x
D. x
E. x
F. x
XVIII. Lesson Eighteen - x
A. x
B. x
C. x
D. x
E. x
F. x
XIX. Lesson Nineteen - x
A. x
B. x
C. x
D. x
E. x
F. x
XX. Lesson Twenty - The Resurrection of Jesus, part 1
A. x
B. x
C. x
D. x
E. x
F. x
XXI. Lesson Twenty-one - The Resurrection of Jesus, part 2
A. x
B. x
C. x
D. x
E. x
F. x
XXII. Lesson Twenty-two - The Resurrection of Jesus, part 3
A. x
B. x
C. x
D. x
E. x
F. x
XXIII. Lesson Twenty-three - The Resurrection of Jesus, part 4
A. The core facts argument is stronger than the Shroud of Turin.
B. Scripture can be shown to be true by the Bible but also by secular data. That is in essence showing the truth when playing by their rules.
C. The Shroud of Turin
1. The age of the shroud is the weakest link of the argument. Carbon dating is trustworthy for a couple thousand years. Coins over the eyes appear to be coins minted by Pilate from 29AD to 32AD. The linen weave is consistent with first century cloth. The pollen on the cloth tells where the shroud has been. There is some from Turkey and Pallestine, and that could have only happened at the time of Christ. The shroud has been preserved since then.
2. With New Testament burial customs, wrapping His body could have been horizontal or vertical. The Greek does not distinguish. The face cloth was rolled up and around the head like someone with a toothache, basically tying up the jaw. The Shroud of Turin is not definitely the only burial cloth used on Jesus.
3. The man in the shroud has the same characteristics as Jesus. He has been beaten over essentially every inch of his body. His face, forearms, legs, and feet resemble a beating with the cat of ninetails. Muscles, skin, and nerves were cut. He had a crown of thorn put on his head and wound in his right chest.
4. The shroud may have some resurrection evidences, but this is not necessary to believe the resurrection. The shroud has been debated since the fourteenth century.
XXIV. Lesson Twenty-four - The Resurrection of Jesus, part 5
A. More on the Shroud of Turin
1. The dating problem is serious. He had rubs on his shoulder blades which could have been from being on the cross or from carrying it. The right shoulder is worse. His knees are inflamed to suggest that he fell several times. Both of these could have been from carrying his cross.
2. The body is unwashed which could mean post-mortem bleeding. What are the chances that two Christians could have been so identical? The ankles also were not broken, and that is consistent, too.
3. The multiple beatings, the stab wounds, the nail prints, the unbroken ankles, the crown of thorns are very significant.
4. The body was definitely dead because the man in the shroud showed symptoms of rigor mortis. Faking the shroud would not be easy. Such things as rigor mortis are difficult to fake. The theory is laborious. See the book, "The Verdict on the Shroud."
5. The cloth does not show evidence of body decomposition, meaning that the body probably left the cloth, and the position of the blood stains indicate that the cloth was not unwrapped. These are evidences of resurrection.
6. The shroud appears to be one of the burial cloths of Jesus. If the shroud turns out to be a fake, the resurrection of Jesus is no less certain, and it does not hurt Christianity, at all. The shroud should not be an object of worship.
B. Naturalistic arguments against the resurrection fail
C. Positive evidences for the resurrection exist
1. Jesus' appearances, backed by eyewitness testimony (with no viable naturalistic theory)
2. Change in disciples, willing to die.
3. Early proclamation of message of resurrection
4. Empty tomb
5. Response of Jewish leaders
6. Existence of the Church
7. Worship changed to Sunday
8. Conversion of James
9. Conversion of Paul
10. Jesus' predictions of His resurrection
D. The "Core Historical Facts" support the resurrection
1. Jesus' death by crucifixion
2. Disciples' experience, believed to be appearances of risen Jesus
3. Transformation of the disciples, even willing to die for their faith.
4. Paul's conversion, believed to be due to appearance of risen Jesus.
E. The evidence from the Shroud of Turin supports the resurrection, but it is the weakest evidence
Tom of Bethany "He that hath the Son hath life; and he that hath not the Son of God hath not life." (I John 5:12)
Index to Selected Essays And Book Reviews
PHIL 240 - Christian Evidences (Lessons 25-27)
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