3. (a)

• Memorising

• Advantage

• Memorising and rehearsing of the opening or concluding remarks may make them sound more natural.

• Disadvantage

• A lot of time required.
• Speaker may forget his speech.
• Concentrating on remembering the words may prevent the speaker from sounding spontaneous or convincing.

• Reading

• Advantage

• Ensures information is correctly conveyed for technical or complex information.

• Disadvantage

• Prevents eye contact and interaction with audience. Cuts off valuable source of feedback.

• Speaking from notes (Extemporaneously)

• Advantage

• Allows the speaker to refer to notes and focus on the audience.

• Projects image as an organised, well-developed speaker able to develop his ideas in a conversational tone.

Speaking from notes is most preferred for a professional situation because the conversational tone adopted is easy to listen to, understand and remember. In addition, it gives the positive picture of the speaker talking directly, sincerely and warmly to the audience, thus generating good rapport with the audience.

3. (b) Refer to ECS: Understanding Group Dynamics, Pg. 239 – 241.

3. (c)

• Content

Information in the resume should be factual and verifiable. Data such as date of birth, date of graduation, courses taken and dates of previous employment should be included. Claims should not be included unless substantiated with specific examples.

• Format

Information in a resume should be categorised and organised in various sections. Each section is given a heading. In addition, the information should not be presented in the form of complete sentences or paragraphs. It is to be tabulated and organised like a fact sheet or data sheet.

• Length

Information should be brief and to the point.

3. (f) Refer to ECS: Managing Conflicts, Pg. 78-79.