Vydunas was an internationally famous philosopher who advocated a return to the indigenous Lithuanian ethnic religion. He wrote a number of philosophical and literary works on Lithuanian religion. Additionally, he began public celebrations of the ancient Lithuanian holidays. By the beginning of World War II, these had become extremely popular national celebrations. Since Lithuania regained its independence, they have resumed and have increased enormously in popularity.

Vydunas also studied Hinduism in great depth, translated the Bhagavad Gita into Lithuanian and commented frequently on the remarkable similarities and commonalties between Lithuanian religion and Hinduism. He also studied Theosophy and expounded its ideas. He believed in the unity of all religions and never renounced his Lithuanian heritage, while incorporating Lithuanian religious and Theosophical ideas in his beliefs.

Currently the highest denomination currency note is 100 lits ($25 US) and also features a prominent Pagan - Simanas Daukantas (1793-1864). The historian Daukantas advocated a return to indigenous Lithuanian ethnic religion in the 19th century.

Lithuania was officially Christianized in 1251, and officially renounced Christianity in 1263. In 1387, it was Christianized again, but active evangelization did not start until the Protestant Reformation. Church chronicles over the centuries report staunch resistance to Christianity. The last Pagan temple in the capital Vinius was closed at the end of the 18th century. Currently, Lithuania is 75 per cent Roman Catholic, five per cent Russian Orthodox, five per cent Atheist, one per cent Jewish, one per cent Muslim and less that one per cent other religions.

The revival of the indigenous Lithuanian ethnic religion is called Romuva and has several thousand followers in Lithuania and abroad.