Strand = Chemistry
Chemical Processes

Last Date of Revision: Sept 3

Overall Expectations

Specific Expectations

explain, using the law of conservation of mass and atomic theory, the rationale for balancing equations;
describe, using their observations, the reactants and products of a variety of chemical reactions, including synthesis, decomposition, and displacement reactions (e.g., the burning of magnesium, the production of oxygen from hydrogen peroxide, the reaction of iron in copper sulphate);
describe and explain qualitatively how factors such as energy, concentration, and surface area can affect rates of chemical reactions
explain the interrelationships among metals and non-metals, acidic and basic oxides, and acids, bases, and salts;
describe qualitatively acid-base neutralization through observation of simple acid-base reactions;
describe how the pH scale is used to identify the acidity of solutions;
name and write the formulae of common ionic and molecular compounds (e.g., H2SO4, NaNO3,CO2, NaOH), using a periodic table and an IUPAC table of ions.
through investigations and applications of basic concepts select and use appropriate apparatus, and apply WHMIS safety procedures for the handling, storage, disposal, and recycling of laboratory materials (e.g., wear safety goggles and aprons; use proper techniques for the handling, disposal, and recycling of acids, bases, and heavy metal ions; describe procedures to be followed in an emergency);
through investigations and applications of basic concepts formulate scientific questions about practical problems and issues involving chemical processes (e.g., “How does varying the concentration of a reactant affect the rate of a reaction?”);
through investigations and applications of basic concepts demonstrate the skills required to plan and conduct an inquiry into chemical processes using a broad range of tools and techniques safely and accurately, and controlling major variables and adapting or extending procedures where required (e.g., neutralize a dilute solution of sodium hydroxide with dilute hydrochloric acid and isolate the sodium chloride produced);
through investigations and applications of basic concepts describe experimental procedures in the form of a laboratory report (e.g., clearly identify the variable under investigation as well as the variables controlled; clearly describe the procedures followed and the data obtained; write an analysis of what was learned from the data);
represent simple chemical equations using molecular models, word equations, and balanced chemical equations;
compare theoretical and empirical values and account for discrepancies when investigating conservation of mass (e.g., measure the mass of a chemical reaction system– such as the reaction of iron (III) nitrate and dilute sodium hydroxide– before and after a change, and account for any discrepancies);
conduct experiments to identify the acidity and basicity of some common substances (e.g., use acid-base indicators to classify common household substances according to the pH scale);
conduct experiments on the combustion of metals and non-metals and react the oxides formed with water to produce acidic or basic solutions;
design an experiment to determine qualitatively the factors that influence chemical reactions (e.g., an experiment to measure the effect of surface area on rate of reaction);
conduct appropriate chemical tests to identify common gases (e.g., oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide).
explain how environmental challenges can be addressed through an understanding of chemical substances (e.g. challenges such as the renewal of the Great Lakes, the neutralization of acid spills, the scrubbing of waste gases in smokestacks);
describe how an understanding of chemical reactions has led to the development of new consumer products and technological processes (e.g., antacids, fire-retardant materials);
identify everyday examples where the rates of chemical reactions are modified (e.g., the use of kindling to increase surface area in order to start a fire; the refrigeration of food to slow down spoilage);
describe careers based on technologies that utilize chemical reactions.

An outline of topics covered in this strand

Your text book has divided this strand into four sections. They are:
To develope these concepts and principles you need notes, lessons and tutorials. Some will be given in class, some you will develope yourself and some will come from the Internet.

Lessons and Assignments from the Internet

Notes & Portfolio Assignments
You must go to this next site for a list of course notes and assignments with due dates.