Most of the derived organic compounds are produced from crude oil. Crude oil is refined and converted into simple organic molecules such as benzene, various alcohols, gasolines, fuel oils etc all come from crude oil. see page 206 & 207 for more information.
Synthetic compound by and large are man made organic type molecules that are very similar to those produce in nature such as plastics,
many drugs, polyesters, nylon etc. A list of synthetic compound can be found on page 209 of your text.
Make sure you do the exercises that are assigned.