Latinae Sententiae

U.S. DOLLAR BILL AND COINS

E pluribus unum - One out of many

Novus ordo seclorum - New order of the ages

Annuit coeptis - He has favored our undertakings

MEDICINE

Placebo - I will please (fake medicine to appease paranoid patients)

a.c. - before meals (ante cibum)

p.c. - after meals (post cibum)

b.i.d. -  2x a day (bis in die)  

t.i.d. -  3x a day (ter in die)

GAIUS JULIUS CAESAR

Veni, Vidi, Vici - I came, I saw, I conquered

HORACE (Odes I.11.8)

Carpe diem - seize the day

JUVENAL (Satires X.356)

Mens sana in corpore sano - A sound mind in a sound body

LIVY

A.U.C.
Ab Urbe Condita - From the founding of the city (Rome)

OFFICIAL MOTTO OF ROMAN REPUBLIC

S.P.Q.R.
Senatus Populusque Romanus - Roman Senate and Peoples

SENECA

Errare humanum est - To err is human

THE VULGATE

Nihil sub sole novum. - There is nothing new under the sun.

KANSAS STATE MOTTO

Ad astra per aspera - To the stars through difficulties

U.S. MARINE CORPS MOTTO

Semper fidelis (slang: semper fi) - Always faithful

COAST GUARD MOTTO

Semper paratus - Always prepared

THOMAS DALE MOTTO (my old high school)
 
Spectemur agendo - Let us be seen by our actions

Alma mater - nourishing mother (school that you attended)

VIRGINIA STATE SEAL

Sic semper tyrannis - Thus always to tyrants

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Abbreviations

P.S.
Post Scriptum - Written after

e.g.
Exempli gratia - For the sake of example (giving an example)

i.e.
Id est - that is (clarifying a point)

A.M.
Ante meridiem - Before meridiem

P.M.
Post meridiem - After meridiem

q.v.
Quod vide - see which (see article concerned)

N.B.
Nota bene - Note (this) well (a warning or exhortation)

A.D.
Anno Domini - in the year of our Lord

etc.
Et cetera - and other things

et al.
al is short for alii (others) - and other people

ibid. 
ibidem - in the same place

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Short Sayings

Vade mecum - Something you always have with you

Cum grano salis - (take) with a grain of salt

Labor omnia vincit - Work conquers all

Bona fide - in good faith

Tabula rasa - Clean slate

Persona non grata - an unacceptable person

Tempus fugit - Time flies

Hic jacet [person's name] - Here lies (on old grave stones)

Caveat emptor - let the buyer beware

Lapsus linguae - slip of the tongue

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You can find more phrases and abbreviations at this site. Another listing is linked at the bottom of that page.