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Do Chashmi He and the Aspirated Consonants of Urdu-Hindi
Aspiration is the release of breath following the pronunciation of a consonant. English has many aspirates but does not assign any unique characters to represent them. For example, the P in pot is an aspirate but the one in pie is not. (One can feel the exhalation in the former but not the latter.)
Urdu-Hindi counts eleven aspirated consonants. Fortunately, they're formed merely by attaching the do chashmi he to their unaspirated counterparts. This is the only use of the do chashmi he. Its forms are:
Independent | Initial | Medial | Final |
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And the eleven aspirated consonants in Urdu and their Hindi-Devanagari equivalents:
Urdu | Hindi | Transcription |
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b - h |
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p - h |
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t - h |
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retroflex T + h |
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j - h |
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ch - h |
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d - h |
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retroflex D + h |
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retroflex R + h |
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k + h |
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g + h |