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Sakagami, S. F. & M. Ito, 1981.
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Sakagami, S. F. & Y. Maeta, 1977. Some presumably
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1984. Multifemale nests and rudimentary castes in the normally solitary
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Entomological Society 57(4): 639-656.
Sakagami, S. F. & Y. Maeta,
1989. Compatibility and incompatibility of solitary life with eusociality
in two normally solitary bees Ceratina japonica and Ceratina
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Sakagami, S. F. & Y. Maeta,
1990. Lasioglossum (Lasioglossum) primavera sp.nov., a Japanese
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Sakagami, S. F., T. Matsumara & K. Ito, 1980.
Apis laboriosa in Himalaya.The little known worlds largest
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Sakagami, S. F., T. Matsumara & Y. Maeta, 1985.
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III. Lasioglossum (Evylaeus) allodalum, with remarks on the serially
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Sakagami, S. F. & C. D. Michener,
1962. The nest architecture of the sweatbees (Halictinae): A comparative
study of Behavior. University
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viii + 135 pages.
Sakagami, S. F. & C. D. Michener,
1963. Nest architecture in halictine bees. Symposia Genetica et Biologica
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Sakagami, S. F. & C. D. Michener,
1965. Notes on the nests of two euglossine bees, Euplusia violacea
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216-222.
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1987. Tribes of Xylocopinae and origin of the Apidae. Annals of
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Sakagami, S. F., R. Miyanga & Y. Maeta,
1994. Discovery of a eusocial halictine bee, Lasioglossum (Evylaeus)
subtropicum sp.nov. from Iriomoto Is., southernmost Japan,
with a morphometric comparison of castes in some social halictines. Bulletin
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Sakagami, S. F. & J. S.
Moure, 1965. Cephalic polymorphism in some
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37: 303-313.
Sakagami, S. F. & J. S.
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nesting habits of some Brazilian halictine bees. Mushi 40:
119-138.
Sakagami, S. F. & M. Munakata, 1972. Distribution
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(Evylaeus) calceatum, in northern Japan,
with reference to its solitary life cycle at high altitude. Hokkaido
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Sakagami, S. F. & M. Munakata,
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Lasioglossum blackstoni sp. nov., the northernmost representative of the
palaeotropical subgenus Ctenonomia (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Halictidae).
Zoological Science 7(5): 985.
Sakagami,
S. F., T. Matsumura & K. Tto,
1980. Apis laboriosa in Himalaya, the little known world largest honeybee (Hymenoptera, Apidae).
Ins. Matsum., N. S.19: 47-77.
Sakagami, S. F., Y. Nishijima, 1973. Two
heterospecific colonies found in Japanese bumblebees, Bombus schrencki
and Bombus pseudobaicalensis (Hymenoptera, Apidae). Obihiro Zootech.
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Sakagami, S. F. & T. Okazawa,
1985. A populous nest of the halictine bee Halictus (Seladonia) lutescens
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Sakagami, S. F., D. W. Roubik & R. Zucchi,
1993. Ethology of the robber bee, Lestrimelitta limao (Hymenoptera,
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Sakagami, S. F. & H. Sturm,
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831-837.
Schmid-Hempel, P. 1986b. Do honeybees get tired? The
effect of load weight on patch departure. Animal Behavior 34(4): 1243-1250.
Schmid-Hempel, P. 1990. Reproductive competition and
the evolution of work load in social insects. American Naturalist 135(4):
501-526.
Schmid-Hempel, P. 1991. The ergonomics of
worker behavior in social hymenoptera: I. Some
preliminaries. Advances in the study of behavior 20: 87-134.
Schmid-Hempel, P. 1993. On optimality, physiology
and honeybees - a reply to Varju and Nunez. Journal of Comparative
Physiology A. Sensory & Neural Behaviour Physiology 172(2):
251-256.
Schmid-Hempel, P., A. Kacelnik & A. I. Houston, 1985.
Honeybees maximize efficiency by not filling their crop. Behavioral Ecology
and Sociobiology 17(1): 61-66.
Schmid-Hempel, P., K. Puhr, N. Kruger, C. Reber & R.
Schmid-Hempel, 1999. Dynamic and genetic consequences of variation in
horizontal transmission for a microparasitic infection. Evolution 53(2):
426-434.
Schmid-Hempel, P. & H. P. Stauffer, 1998.
Parasites and flower choice of bumblebees. Animal Behaviour 55(4):
819-825.
Schmid-Hempel, P. & R. Schmid-Hempel, 1986.
Nectar-collecting bees use distance-sensitive movement rules. Animal
Behaviour 34(2): 605-607.
Schmid-Hempel, P. & R. Schmid-Hempel, 1988.
Parasitic flies (Conopidae, Diptera) may be important stress factors for the
ergonomics of their bumblebee hosts. Ecological Entomology 13(4):
469-472.
Schmid-Hempel, P. & R. Schmid-Hempel, 1993.
Transmission of a pathogen in Bombus terrestris, with a note on division
of labour in social insects. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 33(5):
319-327.
Schmid-Hempel, P., M. L. Winston & R. C. Ydenberg, 1993.
Invitation paper (C.P. Alexander fund): foraging of individual workers in
relation to colony state in the social hymenoptera. Canadian Entomologist 125(1):
129-160.
Schmid-Hempel, R. & P.
Schmid-Hempel, 1991. Endoparasitic flies, pollen collection by bumble
bees and a potential host-parasitic conflict. Oecologia (Heidelb) 87(2):
227-232.
Schmid-Hempel, R. & P. Schmid-Hempel, 1996a.
Host choice and fitness correlates for conopid flies parasitising bumblebees. Oecologia
107(1): 71-78.
Schmid-Hempel, R. & P. Schmid-Hempel, 1996.
Larval development of two parasitic flies (Conopidae) in the common host Bombus
pascuorum. Ecological Entomology 21(1): 63-70.
Schmid-Hempel, R. & P. Schmid-Hempel, 1998.
Colony performance and immuno-competence of a social insect, Bombus
terrestris, in poor and variable environments. Functional Ecology 12(1):
22-30.
Schmid, W. 1872.
[Swiss species of Anthidium]. Mittheilungen der Schweizerischen
entomologischen Gesellschaft 3: 448-475. [This paper was severely
criticized by A. Müller, 1872. Entomologist Month. Mag. 9:
95; from whose remarks it would appear that it is founded on unacknowledged
manuscript of the late W. Imhoff. – Zool. Rec., 1872 p. 318].
Schmidt-Adam, G., A. G. Young & B. G. Murray,
2000. Low outcrossing rates and shift in pollinators in New Zealand pohutukawa (Metrosideros
excelsa; Myrtaceae). American Journal of Botany 87(9): 1265-1271.
Schmidt, J. D. & V. Schmidt, 2008. Queens of Cuba. American bee journal
48(5): 439-440.
Schmidt, J. O. 1982a. Biochemistry of insect venoms.
Annual Review of Entomology 27: 339‑368.
Schmidt, J. O. 1982b. Pollen foraging
preferences of honey bees. Southwestern Entomologist 7: 255‑259.
Schmidt, J. O. 1983. Hymenopteran Envenomation. Pp.
187‑220. In: G. W. Frankie and C. S. Koehler (eds.), Urban
Entomology: Interdisciplinary Perspectives. Praeger
Press, New York.
Schmidt, J. O. 1984a. Feeding preferences of Apis
mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae): Individual versus mixed pollen species.
Journal of the Kansas
Entomological Society 57: 323‑327.
Schmidt, J. O. 1984b. On the origin of the Type. Bulletin
of the Entomological Society of America
30: 4.
Schmidt, J. O. 1985. Phagostimulants in pollen. Journal
of Apicultural Research 24: 107‑114.
Schmidt, J. O. 1986. Human allergy to venoms of
Hymenoptera. Pp. 509-546. In: T. Piek (ed.), Venoms of
the Hymenoptera. Academic Press, London.
Schmidt, J. O. 1987. Pheromones of bees and more. American
Bee Journal 127: 596‑597.
Schmidt, J. O. 1990a. Hymenopteran venoms: Striving
toward the ultimate defense against vertebrates. Pp. 387-419. In: D. L.
Evans & J. O. Schmidt (eds.), Insect Defense: Adaptations and
Strategies of Prey and Predators. SUNY Press, Albany.
Schmidt, J. O. 1990b. Modern research and
utilization of bee products in America.
Bee Mag. (China)
9: 7-8.
Schmidt, J. O. 1990c. Swarm traps: An example of
research and technology transfer. American Bee Journal 130:
333-334.
Schmidt, J. O. 1992. Allergy to venomous insects.
Pp. 1209-1269. In: J. Graham (ed.), The Hive and the Honey Bee.
Dadant and Sons, Hamilton, Illinois.
Schmidt, J. O. 1993a. Africanized honey bees and the
miracle of evolution. The Field Naturalist, Bull. Trinidad and Tobago Field
Naturalist Club 1993(4): 11-12.
Schmidt, J. O. 1993b. Killer Bee! In Guanacaste? Bee
Line 7(1-3): 14-15.
Schmidt, J. O. 1994a. Attraction of reproductive
honey bee swarms to artificial nests by Nasonov pheromone. Journal of
Chemical Ecology 20: 1053-1056.
Schmidt, J. O. 1994b. Living with killer bees: The story
of the Africanized bee invasion. Am. Ent. 40: 188. (Book review:
G. Flakus, author).
Schmidt, J. O. 1995a. Biological control of
Africanized honey bees with swarm traps: economics and logistics. American
Bee Journal 135: 829-830. [Published Abstract only].
Schmidt, J. O. 1995b. Dispersal distance and
direction of reproductive European honey bee swarms (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Journal
of the Kansas
Entomological Society 68: 320-325.
Schmidt, J. O. 1995c. Killer Bees: The Africanized
honey bee in the Americas.
Am. Ent. 41: 251-252. (Book review: M. L. Winston, author).
Schmidt, J. O. 1995d. Toxinology of venoms from the
honeybee genus Apis. Toxicon 33: 917-927.
Schmidt, J. O. 1996a. Apitherapy meeting held in the
land of milk and honey. American Bee Journal 136: 722-724.
Schmidt, J. O. 1996b. Chemical and visual cues used
by defending honey bees to recognize mammalian predators. Proc. 20 th Intl.
Congr. Ent. p. 417. [Published Abstract only].
Schmidt, J. O. 1997. Bee products: chemical
composition and application. Pp. 15-26. In: A. Mizrahi & Y. Lensky
(eds.), Proc. Bee Products: Properties, Applications and Apitherapy.
Plenum Press, New York.
Schmidt, J. O. 1998a. How does honey bee venom kill?
Toxicon 36: 1249-1250. [Published Abstract only].
Schmidt, J. O. 1998b. Mass action in honey bees:
alarm, swarming and the role of releaser pheromones. Pp. 257-290. In: R.
K. Vander Meer, M. Breed, M. Winston & C. Espelie (eds.), Pheromone
Communication in Social Insects: Ants, Wasps, Bees and Termites. Boulder
& Co. West view Press.
Schmidt, J. O. 1999. Attractant or pheromone: the
case of Nasonov secretion and honey bee swarms. Journal of Chemical Ecology
25: 2051-2056.
Schmidt, J. O. 2001a.
Attractants and repellents for honey bee swarms. In: Erickson, E. H. and
R. Page (eds.), Proceedings of the 2nd Conference on African Bees
Mites. Boulder & Co., Westview Press. (in Press).
Schmidt, J. O. 2001b. Hierarchy of attractants
for honey bee swarms. Journal of Insect Behavior. 14:
469-477.
Schmidt, J. O. 2001c. Pheromonal
and hive odor attractants for honey bee swarms. In: M. Sasaki
(ed.), Proceedings of the Asian Association of Apiculture. International
Bee Research Association, Cardiff, UK.
[Published in: Journal of Apiculture Research 40(3-4) Supp.:
7-10.].
Schmidt, J. O. 2001d.
Africanised bees have been good for pheromone research and practical
beekeeping. Proceedings of the 37th International Apiculture
Congress, 28 Oct - 1 Nov 2001,
Durban, South Africa.
Paper 510: 1-6.
Schmidt, J. O. 2002.
Attractants and repellents for honey bee swarms. Pp. 356-363. In:
Erickson, E. H., R. E. Page Jr. & A. A. Hanna
(eds.),Proceeding of the 2nd International Conference
on Africanized Honey Bees and Bee Mites. A. I. Root Co.,
Medina,
Ohio.
Schmidt, J. O., M. S. Blum & W. L. Overal, 1980.
Comparative lethality of venoms from stinging Hymenoptera. Toxicon 18:
469‑474.
Schmidt, J. O., M. S. Blum & W. L. Overal, 1984.
Hemolytic activities of stinging insect venoms. Archives of Insect
Biochemistry and Physiology 1: 155‑160.
Schmidt, J. O., M. S.
Blum & W. L. Overal, 1986. Comparative
Enzymology of venoms from stinging Hymenoptera. Toxicon 24:
907‑921.
Schmidt, J. O.
& S. L. Buchmann, 1983. Jojoba ‑ an excellent, little known
pollen plant for bees. American Bee Journal 123: 379‑382.
Schmidt, J. O. & S. L. Buchmann, 1985.
Pollen digestion and nitrogen utilization by Apis mellifera L.
(Hymenoptera: Apidae). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 82A(3):
499 - 503.
Schmidt, J. O. &
S. L. Buchmann, 1986. Floral Biology of the saguaro (Cereus giganteus)
I. Pollen harvest by Apis mellifera. Oecologia 69: 491 -
498.
Schmidt, J. O. &
S. L. Buchmann, 1992. Other products of the hive, Chapter 22,
pp. 927-988. In: J. Graham [ed.], The hive and the honey bee. Dadant
and sons, Hamilton, Ilinois.
Schmidt, J. O., S. L.
Buchmann & M. Glaiim, 1989. The nutritional value of Typha latifolia
pollen for bees. Journal of Apicultural Research 28: 155-165.
Schmidt, J. O., S. L. Buchmann & S. C. Thoenes,
1992. Saguaro and Cardòn Cacti: Nectar sources par excellence for native
and honey bees. Pp. 73-78. In: C. P. Stone & E. S. Bellatoni (eds.),
Proc. Sympos. Res.
Saguaro
Natl. Monument.
U. S. National
Park Service.
Schmidt, J. O. & L. V. Boyer Hassen, 1996. When
Africanized bees attack: What you and your clients should know. Vet. Med.
91: 923-928.
Schmidt, J. O. & J. F. Edwards, 1998. Ecology of
feral and Africanized honey bees in Organ
Pipe Cactus
National
Monument. First Conf. Res. & Resource
Manag. S. Ariz.
Nat.
Park Areas. (T.
J. Tibbitts & G. J. Maender, eds.). National Park Service,
Organ
Pipe Cactus
National
Monument, Ajo,
Arizona.
Schmidt, J. O. & R. Hurley, 1995. Selection of
nest cavities by Africanized and European honey bees. Apidologie 26:
467-475.
Schmidt, J.
O. & B. E. Johnson, 1984. Pollen
feeding preferenceof Apis mellifera, a
polylectic bee. Southwest. Entomol. 9: 41-47.
Schmidt, J.
O., A. N. Johnston,
D. L. Ginter & H. G. Spangler,[In
Press]. Chemical stimulus of Africanized honey bee
(Hymenoptera: Apidae) attacks. Journal of Medical Entomology.
Schmidt, J. O., C. A. Mcdaniel
& R. T. Simon Thomas, 1990. Chemistry of male
mandibular gland secretions of Philanthus triangulum.Journal of Chemical
Ecology 16 (7): 2135-2143.
Schmidt, J. O., E. D. Morgan, N.
J. Oldham, R. R. Do Nascimento & F. R. Dani, 1997. Z-11-eicosen-1-ol,
a major component of Apis cerana (Hymenoptera: Apidae) venom. Journal
of Chemical Ecology 23: 1929-1939.
Schmidt, J. O. & P. J. Schmidt, 1984. Pollen
digestibility and its potential nutritional value. Gleanings Bee Culture
112: 320‑322.
Schmidt, J. O. & P. J. Schmidt, 1986. A nesting
aggregation of Lasioglossum kinabaluense in Borneo
(Hymenoptera: Halictidae). Journal of the Kansas
Entomological Society 59: 672‑674.
Schmidt, J. O., P. J. Schmidt & C. K. Starr,
1985. Investigating the giant honey bee, Apis dorsata in Sabah.
American Bee Journal 125: 749‑751.
Schmidt, J. O., K. N. Slessor & M. L. Winston,
1993. Roles of Nasonov and Queen pheromones in attraction of honey bee swarms. Naturwissenschaften
80: 573-575.
Schmidt, J. O. & H. G. Spangler, 1991. Can the
attack by Africanized bees be stopped by chemicals? American Bee
Journal 131: 779-780. [Published Abstract only].
Schmidt, J. O., H. G. Spangler & S. C. Thoenes,
1990. Birds as selective predators of drones. American Bee Journal 130:
811. [Published Abstract only].
Schmidt, J. O. & S. C. Thoenes, 1987a. Honey bee
swarm capture with pheromone- containing trap boxes. American Bee Journal 127:
435‑438.
Schmidt, J. O. & S. C.
Thoenes, 1987b. Swarm traps for survey and control of
Africanized honey bees. Bulletin of the Entomological Society of
America
33 (3): 155-158.
Schmidt, J. O. & S. C. Thoenes, 1989. The art of
attracting swarms. Proc. West. Apicult. Soc. 12: 54‑59.
Schmidt, J. O. &
S. C. Thoenes, 1990. Honey bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae) preferences among nest
defense behavior in honey bee colonies artificial nest cavities. Annals of
the Entomological Society of America
83: 271-274.
Schmidt, J. O. & S. C. Thoenes,
1992. Criteria for nest site selection in honey bees (Hymenoptera:
Apidae): Preference between pheromone attractants and cavity shapes. Environmental
Entomology 21 (5): 1130-1133.
Schmidt, J. O., S. C. Thoenes & R. Hurley, 1989.
Swarm Traps. American Bee Journal 129: 468-471.
Schmidt, J. O., S. C. Thoenes & R. Hurley,
1990. Swarm traps, an idea whose time has come. Gleanings Bee Culture 118:
217‑219 & 223.
Schmidt, J. O.,
S. C. Thoenes & M. D. Levin, 1987.
Survival of honey bees, Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera :
Apidae), fed various pollen sources. Annals
of the Entomological Society of America
80: 176-183.
Schmidt, K. & P.
Westrich,
1993. Colletes hederae n. sp., eine bisher unerkannte, auf Efeu (Hedera)
spezialisierte Bienenart (Hymenoptera: Apoidea).
Entomologische
Zeitschrift 103: 89-93.
Schmidt, Li S., J. O.
Schmidt, H. Rao, W. Wang, L. Xu, 1995. Feeding
preference and survival of young worker honeybees (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Fed Rape, Sesame, and Sunflower pollen. Journal of Economic Entomology 88(6):
1591-1595.
Schmidt, P. J. & J. O. Schmidt, 1985. Queen
versus worker venoms: are they equally lethal? Toxicon 23: 38‑39.
[Published Abstract only].
Schmidt, P. J. & J. O. Schmidt, 1986. Apis
mellifera an unusual prey for a paper wasp (Polistes major castaneicolor).
Entomological News 97: 73‑75.
Schmidt,
V., R. Zucchi & F. G. Barth,
2003. A
stingless bee marks the feeding site in addition to the scent path (Saptotrigona
aff. depilis). Apidologie 34(3): 237-248.
Schmidt, V. M., R. Zucchi & F. G. Barth,
2005. Scent marks left by Nannotrigona testaceicornis at the feeding
site: cues rather than signals. Apidologie 36(3): 285-292.
Schmiedeknecht, H. L.
O. 1878. Monographie der in Thüringen vorkommenden Arten der
Hymenopteren-Gattung Bombus mit einer allgemeinen Einleitung in dieses
Genus. Jenaische Zeitschrift für Naturwissenschaft 12: 303-430.
Schmiedeknecht, H. L. O. 1882-1884. Apidae
Europaeae [Die Bienen Europa’s], per genera, species et varietates.
Dispositae atque descriptae. Vol. 1, [xiv] + 866 pp., pls. 1-15.
Gumperdae and Berolini, Berlin.
[Pp. 1-314 (1882); 315-550 (1883); 551-866 (1884)].
Schmiedeknecht, H. L. O. 1885-1886. Apidae
Europaeae [Die Bienen Europa’s], per genera, species et varietates.
Dispositae atque descriptae. Vol. 2[iv] + 1-205 [867-1071] + [2, index],
pls. 16,17. Friedländer, Berlin.
[Pp. 1-110 (1885); 111-205 (1886).]
Schmiedeknecht, O. 1930. Die
Hymenopteren Nord - und Mittel-europas. 2nd ed., x + 1062 pp.
Fischer, Jena.
Schmuck, R. 1999. No causal relationship between Gaucho(R) seed
dressing in sunflowers and harm to bees in France.
Pflanzenschutz - Nachrichten Bayer 52(3): 267-309.
Schmuck, R., R. Schoning, A. Stork & O. Schramel,
2001. Risk posed to honeybees (Apis mellifera L, Hymenoptera) by an
imidacloprid seed dressing of sunflowers. Pest Management Science 57(3):
225-238.
Schmuck, R., T. Stadler & H. W. Schmidt,
2003. Field relevance of a synergistic effect observed in the laboratory between
an EBI fungicide and a chloronicotinyl insecticide in the honeybee (Apis
mellifera L., Hymenoptera). Pest Management Science 59(3): 279-286.
Schneider, D. 1976. Myth
of the killer bees [Apis mellifera adonsonii]
. Pct. Pest Control Technol. 4 , 11 (16): 18-19.
Schneider, D., R. A. Stern, D. Eisikowitch & M. Goldway,
2002. The relationship between floral structure and honeybee pollination
efficiency in 'Jonathan' and 'Topred' apple cultivars. Journal of Horticultural
Science and Biotechnology 77(1): 48-51.
Schneider, S. 1989. Dance behaviour of
successful foragers of African honey bee, Apis mellifera scutellata
(Hymenoptera: Apidae). Journal of Apicultural Research 28(3):
150-154.
Schneider, S. 1990. Nest characteristics
and recruitment behaviour of absconding colonies of the African honey bee, Apis
mellifera scutella, in Africa. Insect Behaviour
3(2): 225-240.
Schneider, S. & R. Blyther,
1988. The habitat and nesting biology of the African honey
bee Apis mellifera scutellata in
the Okavango River Delta, Botswana, Africa.
Insectes Sociaux 35 (2): 167-181.
Schneider, S. S. 1989a. Dance behaviour of
successful foragers of the African honey bee, Apis mellifera scutellata
(Hymenoptera: Apidae). Journal of Apicultural Research 28
(3): 150-154.
Schneider, S. S. 1989b. Spatial foraging
patterns of the African honey bee, Apis mellifera scutellata.
Journal of Insect Behavior 2 (4): 505-521.
Schneider, S. S. 1990a. Queen behavior and
worker-queen interactions in absconding and swarming colonies of the African
honey bee, Apis mellifera scutellata (Hymenoptera: Apidae).
Journal of the Kansas
Entomological Society 63: 179-186.
Schneider, S. S. 1990b. Nest characteristics and
recruitment behavior of absconding colonies of the African honey bee, Apis
mellifera scutellata, in Africa. Journal
of Insect Behavior 3 (2): 225-240.
Schneider, S. S. 1991. Modulation of
queen activity by the vibration dance in swarming colonies of the African honey
bee, Apis mellifera scutellata (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Journal
of the Kansas
Entomological Society 64 (3): 269-278.
Schneider, S. S., T. Deeby, D.
C. Gilley & G. DeGrandi-Hoffman, 2004. Seasonal nest usurpation of European colonies by African
swarms in Arizona, USA. Insectes Sociaux 51(4):
359-364.
Schneider, S. S. & G. DeGrandi-Hoffman,
2002. The influence of worker behavior and paternity on the development and
emergence of honey bee queens. Insectes Sociaux 49(4): 306-314.
Schneider, S. S. & G. DeGrandi-Hoffman,
2003. The influence
of paternity on virgin queen success in hybrid colonies of European and African
honeybees. Animal Behaviour 65 (5): 883-892.
Schneider, S. S. & N. E. Gary, 1984.
“Quacking”, a sound produced by worker honeybees (Apis mellifera) after
exposure to Carbon dioxide. Journal of Apicultural Research 23(1):
25-30.
Schneider, S. S. & L. A. Lewis,
2004. The vibration signal, modulatory communication and the organization of
labor in honey bees, Apis mellifera. Apidologie 35: 117-131.
Schneider, S. S. & L. C. Mcnally,
1992a. Factors influencing seasonal absconding in colonies of the
African honey bee, Apis mellifera scutellata. Insectes
Sociaux 39 (4): 403-423.
Schneider, S. S. & L. C. Mcnally, 1992b. Colony
defense in the African honey bee in Africa (Hymenoptera:
Apidae). Environmental Entomology 21(6): 1362-1370.
Schneider, S. S. & L. C. Mcnally, 1992c.
Seasonal patterns of foraging activity in colonies of the african honey bee, Apis
mellifera scutellata, In africa. Insectes
Sociaux 39 (2 ): 181-193.
Schneider, S. S. & L. C. Mcnally, 1993. Spatial
foraging patterns and colony energy status in the African honey bee, Apis
mellifera scutellata. Journal of Insect Behavior 6 (2):
195-210.
Schneider, S. S. & L. C. Mcnally,
1994. Waggle dance behavior associated with seasonal absconding in
colonies of the African honey bee, Apis mellifera
scutellata. Insectes Sociaux 41(2): 115-127.
Schneider, S. S., S. Painter-Kurt & G.
DeGrandi-Hoffman, 2000. The role of vibration signal during queen
competition in colonies of the honeybee (Apis mellifera). Animal
Behavior.
Schneider, S. S., J. A. Stamps & N. E. Gary, 1986a.
The vibration dance of the honey bee. I. Communication regulating foraging on
two time scales. Animal Behaviour 34(2): 377-385.
Schneider, S. S., J. A. Stamps & N. E. Gary, 1986b.
The vibration dance of the honey bee. II. The effects of foraging success on
daily patterns of vibration activity. Animal Behaviour 34(2):
386-391.
Schneider, S. S., P. K. Visscher & S. Camazine, 1998.
Vibration signal behavior of waggle-dancers in swarms of the honey bee, Apis
mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Ethology104(11): 963-972.
Schnell, L.
1943. Self-stertlity in Vinca rosea. Okla. Acad. Sci. Proc. 23:
21.
Schober, P. J. 1979a. The African
honeybee Apis mellifera adansonii in Brazil.
Bienenvater 100 (10): 259-263.
Schober, P. J. 1979b. The African honeybee Apis
melliferaadansonii in Brazil Swarm catching, crossing and selection. Bienenvater
100 (11): 298-300.
Schoening, F. R. L. 1980. The X-ray
diffraction pattern and deformation texture of beeswax. South African
Journal of Science 76(6): 262-265.
Schoenitzer, K. 1986. Comparative morphology
of the antenna cleaner in bees. Z. Zool. Syst. Evolut. –forsch. 24:
35-51.
Schoenitzer, K., W. Gruenwaldt, et al. 1995.
Klaerung von Andrena forsterella, mit Hinweisen zu den anderen Arten der
Andrena labialis-Gruppe (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Andrenidae). Linzer
Biologische Beitraege 27(2): 823-850.
Schoenitzer, K. & P. Seifert, 1990. Anatomy and
ultrastructure of salivarygland in the thrax of the honey bee worker, Apis
mellifera (Insecta, Hymenoptera). Zoomorphology (Berlin)
109(4): 211-222.
Scholl, A. & E. Obrecht, 1983.
Enzymelektrophoretische Untersuchungen zur Artabgrenzung im Bombus lucorum
- Komplex (Apidae, Bombini). Apidologiee 14(2): 65-78.
Scholl, A. & E. Obrecht, 1990. The genetic
relationship between Bombus moderatus Cresson and the Bombus lucorum
auct. species complex (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Canadian Journal of Zoology 68(11):
2264-2268.
Scholl, A., E. Obrecht & R. E. Owen,
1990. The genetic relationship between Bombus moderatus Cresson and
the Bombus lucorum auct. species complex (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Canadian
Journal of Zoology 68: 2264-2268.
Scholl, A., E. Obrecht & Zimmermann, M.
1992. Evidence of hybridization of Bombus argillaceus and B.
ruderatus (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in a zone of contact in France:
enzyme electrophoretic data. Proceedings of the XIX International Congress
of Entomology, Beijing
p. 53.
Scholl, A., R. W. Thorp, J. A. Bishop & E.
Obrecht, 1995. The taxonomic status of Bombus alboanalis
Franklin
and its relationship with other taxa of the subgenus Pyrobombus from North
America and Europe (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Pan-Pacific
Entomologist 71(2): 113-120.
Scholl, A., R. W. Thorp & E. Obrecht,
1992. The genetic relationship between Bombus franklini (Frison) and
other taxa of the subgenus Bombus s.str. (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Pan-Pacific
Entomologist 68(1): 46-51.
Scholl, A., R. W. Thorp, R. E. Owen, & E.
Obrecht, 1992. Specific distinctness of Bombus nevadensis
(Cresson) and B. auricomus (Robertson) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) - enzyme
electrophoretic data. Journal of the Kansas
Entomological Society 65(2): 134-140.
Scholtz, C. H. & E. Holm,
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mitochondrial DNA of Apis mellifera mellifera and A. m. carnica
(Hymenoptera: Apidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America
83 (1): 81-88.
Smith, D. R., B. Crespi & F. Bookstein, 1997.
The Procrustes method and fluctuating asymmetry in the honey bee, Apis
mellifera: effects of ploidy and hybridization. Journal of Evolutionary
Biology 10: 551-574.
Smith, D. R. & T. Glenn, 1995. Allozyme
polymorphisms in Spanish honey bees. Journal of Heredity 86:
12-16.
Smith, D. R. & R. H. Hagen, 1997. The
biogeography of Apis cerana as revealed by mitochondrial DNA sequence
data. Journal of the Kansas
Entomological Society 69(4) suppl.: 294-310.
Smith, D. R. & R. H. Hagen,
1999. Phylogeny and biogeography of Apis cerana subspecies:
testing alternative hypotheses. pp. 60-68. In: R. Hoopingarner and
L. Connor (eds.), Apiculture for the 21st Century. Wicwas Press,
Cheshire,
CT.
Smith, D. R., M. R. Palmer, G. Otis & M. Damus,
2003. Mitochondrial DNA and AFLP markers support species status of Apis
nigrocincta. Insectes Sociaux 50(2): 185-190.
Smith, D. R., M. F. Palopoli, B. R. Taylor, L. Garnery,
J. M. Cornuet, M. Solignac & W. M. Brown, 1991. Geographical overlap of
two mitochondrial genomes in Spanish honeybees (Apis mellifera iberica). Journal
of Heredity 82 (2): 96-100.
Smith, D. R., A. Slaymaker, M. Palmer & O.
Kaftanoglu, 1997. Turkish honey bees belong to the east Mediterranean mitochondrial
lineage.Apidologie 28: 269-274.
Smith, D. R., O. R.Taylor & W. M. Brown,
1989. Neotropical Africanized honey bees have African mitochondrial
DNA. Nature 339(6221): 213-215.
Smith, D. R., L. Villafuerte, G. Otis & M.
R. Palmer, 2000. Biogeography of Apis cerana F. and A.
nigrocincta Smith: insights from mtDNA studies. Apidologie 31(2):
265-279.
Smith, D. R., N. Warrit &
H. R. Hepburn,
2003. Apis cerana from Myanmar (Burma): Unusual distribution of
mitochondrial lineages. Apidologie [In Press].
Smith, E. L. 1970. Evolutionary
morphology of the external insect genitalia. 2. Hymenoptera. Annals of
the Entomological Society of America
63: 1-27.
Smith, G. R. & G. E. Snow, 1976.
Pollination ecology of Platanthera (Habenaria) cilearis and P.
blephariglottis (Orchidaceae). Bot. Gaz. 137: 133-140.
Smith, E. L. 1970.
Evolutionary morphology of the external insect genitalia. 2.
Hymenoptera. Annals of the Entomological Society of America
63: 1-27.
Smith, E. M. & G. W. Otis,
2006. Resolution of a controversy: functionality of the dance language of the
honey bee. 2. Conclusion. American bee journal 146(4): 335-340.
Smith, F. 1844. Notes on the British
humble-bees (Bombus of authors). Zoologist 2: 541-550.
Smith, F.
1846. Description of the British species of bees comprised in the genera
Colletes of Latreille and Macropis of Klug; with observations on
their economy. Zoologist 4: 1274-1281.
Smith, F. 1848. Descriptions of the
British species of bees belonging to the genus Halictus of Latreille. Zoologist
6: 2037-2044.
Smith, F. 1849. [Notes on Hymenoptera]. Zoologist
7: ix.
Smith, F. 1851a. Notes on the habits of
Australian Hymenoptera. Transactions of the Entomological Society of
London
1: 179-181.
Smith, F. 1851b. List of the specimens of British
animals in the collection of the British
Museum. 6. Hymenoptera Aculeata.
London.
134 pp.
Smith, F. 1852a. Descriptions of
some new and apparently undescribed species of hymenopterous insects from north
China, collected by Robert Fortune, Esq. Transactions of the Entomological
Society of London 2: 33-45.
Smith, F. 1852b. Descriptions of
some hymenopterous insects from northern India.
Transactions of the Entomological Society of London
2: 45-48.
Smith, F. 1852c. Descriptions of some hymenopterous insects captured in India,
with notes on their oeconomy, by Ezra T. Downes, Esq., who presented them to
the Honourable the East India Company. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (9)2: 44-50.
Smith, F. 1853. Catalogue of
hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British
Museum.
Part
I.
Andrenidae and Apidae. British
Museum, Taylor
& Francis, London.
Pp. 1-197, Pls. i-vi.
Smith, F. 1854. Catalogue of
hymenopterous insects in the collection of the British
Museum. Part II. Apidae.
British Museum,
London. Pp.198-465, pls. vii-xii.
Smith, F. 1856. Lamprocolletes
bipectinatus. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of
London,
p. 31.
Smith, F. 1857. Notes on aculeate
Hymenoptera, with some observations on their economy.
Entomol. Ann. 1858:
34-46.
Smith, F. 1857-1858. Catalogue of
the hymenopterous insects collected at Sarawak, Borneo;
Mount Ophir,
Malacca; and at Singapore
by A.R. Wallace. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of
London, Zoology 2: 42-88 & pls. 1,2 (1857); pp. 89-180 (1858).
Smith, F. 1859a. Catalogue of
hymenopterous insects collected at Celebes by Mr.
A. R. Wallace. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of
London,
Zoology 3: 4-27.
Smith, F. 1859b. Catalogue of
hymenopterous insects collected by Mr. A.R. Wallace at the islands of Aru and
Key. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London,
Zoology 3: 132-178.
Smith, F. 1860a. Descriptions of new
species of hymenopterous insects collected by Mr. A. R. Wallace at Celebes.
J. Proc. Linn. Soc. London Zool. 5: 57-93.
Smith, F. 1861a. Descriptions of new
genera and species of exotic Hymenoptera. Journal of Entomology 1:
146-155.
Smith, F. 1861b. Catalogue of
hymenopterous insects collected by Mr. A.R. Wallace in the islands of Batchian,
Kaisaa, Amboyna, Gilolo and at Dory in New
Guinea. Journal of the Proceedings of the
Linnean Society of London,
Zoology 5: 93-143.
Smith, F. 1861c. Descriptions of new
species of hymenopterous insects collected by Mr. A. R. Wallace at Celebes.
J. Proc. Linn. Soc. London Zool. 5: 57-93.
Smith, F. 1862a. Descriptions of new
species of Australian Hymenoptera, and of a species of Formica from New
Zealand. Transactions of the
Entomological Society of london
(3)1: 53-62.
Smith, F. 1862b. Catalogue of
hymenopterous insects collected by Mr. A.R.Wallace in the islands of Ceram,
Celebes, Ternate and
Gilolo. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean Society of
London,
Zoology 6: 36-66.
Smith, F.
1862c. Descriptions of new species of aculeate Hymenoptera, collected at Panama
by R. W. Stretch, Esq, with a list of described species, and the various
localities where they have previously occurred. Trans. Entomol. Soc. Lond.
(3)1: 29-48.
Smith, F. 1863. Catalogue of
hymenopterous insects collected by Mr. A.R. Wallace in the islands of Mysol, Ceram,
Waigiou, Bouru and Timor. Journal of the Proceedings
of the Linnean Society of London,
Zoology 7: 5-66.
Smith, F. 1864a. On the construction
of hexagonal cells by bees and wasps. Transactions of Entomological
society of London Ser.
3, Vol. 2: 131-142, pl. 13.
Smith, F. 1864b. On the sagacity
exhibited by certain bees and ants. Zoologist 1864:
9073-9077.
Smith, F. 1864c. Notes on
hymenoptera. Entomologist’s Annual. 1864: 108-117.
Smith, F. 1864d. Descriptions of new
species of hymenopterous insects from the islands of Sumatra,
Sula, Gilolo, Salwatty, and New Guinea,
collected by Mr. A.R. Wallace. Journal of the Proceedings of the Linnean
Society of London,
Botany & Zoology 8: 61-94.
Smith, F.
1864e. Notes on the geographical distribution of the aculeate Hymenoptera
collected by Mr. A. R. Wallace in the Eastern Archipelago. J. Proc. Linn.
Soc. London Zool. 7: 109-145.
Smith, F. 1865a. Notes on
Hymenoptera. Entomologist’s Annual 1865: 81-96.
Smith, F. 1865b. Descriptions of
some new species of hymenopterous insects belonging to the families Thynnidae,
Masaridae and Apidae. Transactions of the Entomological Society of
London
(3)2: 389-396, pl. 21.
Smith, F. 1865c. On some new Australian
Hymenoptera.-Appendix. Transactions of the Entomological Society of
London
(3)2: 396-399.
Smith, F. 1865d. Notes on
Hymenoptera. Proceedings of the Linnean Society 8: 61-94.
Smith, F. 1865e. On the species and
varieties of the honey-bees belonging to the genus Apis. Annals and
Magazine of Natural History (3)15: 372-380.
Smith, F. 1865f. Observations on the
genus Dorylus and upon a new genus of Apidae. Entomologist Monthly
Magazine 2: 3-5.
Smith, F.
1865g. Descriptions of new species of hymenopterous insects from the Islands of
Sumatra, Sula, Gilolo, Salwatty, and New Guinea, collected by Mr. A. R.
Wallace. J. Proc. Linn. Soc. London Zool. 8: 61-94.
Smith, F. 1866. Notes on some
hymenopterous insects collected by Mr. Peckolt at Catagallo, South
Brazil. Transactions of the Entomological Society of
London
(3)5: 323-327.
Smith, F. 1867a. Notes on aculeate
Hymenoptera observed in 1866. Entomologist Monthly Magazine 3:
193-199.
Smith, F. 1867b. A revision of the
British species of the genus Bombus. Entomologist Monthly
Magazine 3: 240-243, 255-260, 267-269, 281-288 & 293-298.
Smith, F. 1867c. A revision of the
characters and synonymes of British Bees. Entomologist Monthly
Magazine 3: 305, 320-325 & 336-338.
Smith, F. 1868a. Descriptions of
aculeate Hymenoptera from Australia.
Transactions of the Entomological Society of London
1868: 231-258.
Smith, F. 1868b. [A new name for Oestropsis].
Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London,
p. 39.
Smith, F. 1868c. Notes on
Hymenoptera. Entomologists’ Annual 1868: 81-96.
Smith, F. 1868d. A revision of the
British species of bees. Entomologist Monthly Magazine 4:
1-9.
Smith, F. 1868e. Facundity of the
queen bee. Entomologist Monthly Magazine 5: 71-72.
Smith, F. 1868f. Observations on the
economy of Brazilian insects, chiefly Hymenoptera, from the notes of Mr.
Peckolt. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London
1868: 133-135.
Smith, F. 1869a. Descriptions of
Hymenoptera from Japan.
Entomologist Monthly Magazine 4: 205-208.
Smith, F.
1869b. Descriptions of Hymenoptera from Japan.
Entomologist Monthly Magezine
4: 276-277.
Smith, F. 1870a. Notes on British
Hymenoptera. Entomologist Monthly Magazine 5: 276-277.
Smith, F. 1870b. Notes on
Hymenoptera. Entomologists’ Annual for 1870: 19-30;
65-82.
Smith, F. 1870c. [Hymenoptera from
Nagasaki]
. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of London
1870, 1-19pp.
Smith, F. 1871a. Notes on various species
of Apidae, Formicidae, Fossores and Vespidae, with observations on some of the
parasites of the latter. Entomologists’ Annual for 1871:
55-70.
Smith, F. 1871b. Descriptions of some new
insects collected by Dr. Anderson during the expedition to Yunan [sic]. Proceedings
of the Zoological Society of London
1871: 244-249.
Smith, F. 1871c. A catalogue of British
Hymenoptera; Aculeata. Entomological Society of London, 8
vol. 44 pp. [Summary by Dunning, 1871, Entomologist viii: 212.]
Smith, F. 1871d. Descriptions of the
hermaphrodites of Anthophora, Apis, Nomada and Andrena. Proceedings
of the Entomological Society of London 1871, p.14.
Smith, F. 1871e. Notes on some aculeate
Hymenoptera [Megachile species]. Transactions of the Zoological
Society 7: 193.
Smith, F. 1872. Notes on the Aculeate
Hymenoptera of South Devon. Entomologists’
Annual for 1872: 93-106.
Smith, F. 1873a. Descriptions of aculeate
Hymenoptera of Japan, collected by Mr. George Lewis at Nagasaki
and Hiogo. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London
1873: 181-206.
Smith, F. 1873b. Seven new species of
aculeate Hymenoptera, with notices and figures of a few other known species. In:
J. L. Brenchley (ed.), Jottings during the Cruise of H. M. S. Curacoa among
the South Sea Islands in 1865.
London
1873, 8 vol, pls. xliii-l. [Captures at Velzen, by Everts; Tijdschr.
Ent. (2)viii: 30, Versl.].
Smith, F. 1874. Monograph of the
genus Xylocopa Latr. Transactions of the Entomological Society of
London
1874: 247-307.
Smith, F. 1875a. Descriptions of new
species of Indian aculeate Hymenoptera, collected by Mr. G.R. James Rothney,
member of the Entomological Society. Transactions of the Entomological
Society of London 1875:
33-50.
Smith, F. 1875b. Descriptions of new
species of bees belonging to the genus Nomia of Latreille. Transactions
of the Entomological Society of London,
1875: 53-70.
Smith, F. 1876a. Descriptions of new
species of hymenopterous insects of New Zealand,
collected by C.M. Wakefield, Esq., principally in the neighbourhood of
Canterbury.
Transactions of the Entomological Society of London 1876:
473-487, pl.4.
Smith, F. 1876b.
Preliminary notice of new species of Hymenoptera, Diptera, and Forficulidae
collected in the Island of
Rodriguez
by the naturalists accompanying the Transit-of-Venus Expedition. Ann. Mag.
Nat. Hist. (4)17: 447-451.
Smith, F. 1878a. List of the Hymenoptera
obtained by Mr Ossian Limborg east of Maulmain, Tenasserim Provinces, during
the months of December 1876, January, March and April 1877, with descriptions
of new species. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal
47: 167-169.
Smith, F. 1878b. Descriptions of new
species of hymenopterous insects from New
Zealand, collected by Prof. Hutton, at
Otago. Transactions of the Entomological Society of London
1878: 1-7.
Smith, F. 1878c. Scientific results
of the second Yarkland Mission: Based on the collections and notes of the late
Ferdinand Stoliczka: Part 9. Hymenoptera.Government of India,
Calcutta. Pp. 1-22.
Smith, F. 1879a. Descriptions of new
species of Hymenoptera in the collection of the British
Museum.
British
Museum, London
xxi + 240 pp.
Smith, F.
1879b. Descriptions of new species of aculeate Hymenoptera collected by the
Rev. Thos. Blackburn in the Sandwich Islands. Zool.
J. Linn. Soc. 14: 674-685.
Smith, F. 1961. Honey
bee races in Africa. Bee World 42: 255-260.
Smith, F. F. & F. Weiss, 1942.
Relationship of insects to the spread of azalea flower spot. United States
Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulletin No. 798: 1-43.
Smith-Pardo, A.H. 2001. Distribution records for Trigona
subgenus Duckeola outside of Brazil
(Hymenoptera: Apidae). Journal of the Kansas
Entomological Society 74(2): 115-117. [Also in Sociobiology
10(1): 105-119.]
Smith, M. V. & C. P. Milne Jr., 1981.
Increasing the efficiency of queen mating nuclei. American Bee Journal 121(8):
570-571, 574.
Smith Pardo, A. H. 1999. The bees of Porce, Colletidae family
(Hymenoptera: Apoidea): notes and keys for the genera present in the influence
zone of the Porce II dam. Revista - Facultad Nacional de Agronomia Medellin
52(2): 599-610.
Smith-Pardo, A. H.
2003. A preliminary account of the bees of Colombia (Hymenoptera: Apoidea):
present knowledge and future directions. Journal of the Kansas Entomological
Society 76(2): 335-341.
Smith-Pardo, A. H. & M. S.
Engel, 2001.
Distribution records for Trigona subgenus Duckeola outside of
Brazil (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 74(2):
115-117.
Smith-Pardo, A. H. & V. H. Gonzalez, 2008. Chilicola (Hylaeosoma) Ashmead
bees (Colletidae, Xeromelissinae) of the megalostigma group: a new species
from Colombia and a key to species.[Abejas Chilicola (Hylaeosoma) Ashmead
(Colletidae: Xeromelissinae) del grupo megalostigma: una especie nueva de
Colombia y clave para las especies.]. Neotropical entomology 36(6): 910-913.
Smith, R., M. Spivak, O.
Taylor, C. Bennett & M. Smith,
1993. Maturation of tergal
gland alkene profiles in European honey bee queens. Journal of Chemical Ecology
19(1): 133-142.
Smith, R. K. 1988. Identification of
Africanization in honey bees based on extracted Hydrocarbons assay. In:
Needham,
G.R. (ed.), Africanized honey bees and bee mites. E. Horwood, Chichester,
West Sussex, England.
Also in: Journal of Insect Behavior 1993, 6(2): 195-210.
Smith, R. K. & B. K. Lavine, 1987.
Computer modeling of hydrocarbon data toward detection of Africanization in
honey bees. American Bee Journal 127(12): 851-852.
Smith, R. K., J. F.
Rossman, H. F. York Jr. & O. R. Taylor Jr.,
1988. Stock certification of European queens. American
Bee Journal 128(10): 676-678.
Smith, S. G. & D. R. Wallace, 1971.
Allelic sex determination in a lower hymenopteran, Neodiprion nigroscutum
Midd. Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology 13:
617-621.
Smith, W. E. & W. G. Whitford, 1978.
Factors affecting the nesting success of the large carpenter bee Xylocopa
californica grizonensis. Environmental Entomology 7(4):
614-616.
Smith, R. K. & O. R. Taylor Jr., 1990.
Unsaturated extracted hydrocarbon caste differences between European queen and
worker honey bees, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Journal
of the Kansas
Entomological Society 63 (3): 369-374.
Smithson, A. 2002. The consequences of rewardlessness in orchids:
reward-supplementation experiments with Anacamptis morio (Orchidaceae).
American Journal of Botany 89(10): 1579-1587.
