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Thompson, H. M. 1999. Esterases as markers of exposure to
organophosphates and carbamates. Ecotoxicology 8(5): 369-384.
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bumblebees (Bombus sp.). Apidologie 32(4):
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Thompson, H.
M.
2003.
Behavioural effects of pesticides in bees – their potential for use in risk
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Thompson, H. M. & M. A. Brown,
2001. Is contact colony treatment with antibiotics an effective control for
European foulbrood? Bee World 82(3): 130-138.
Thompson, H. M., R. J. Waite, S.
Wilkins, M. A. Brown, T. Bigwood, M. Shaw, C. Ridgway & M. Sharman, 2005.
Effects of European foulbrood treatment regime on oxy-tetracycline levels in
honey extracted from treated honeybee (Apis mellifera) colonies and
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Thompson, J. D.
1978. Effects of stand composition on insect visitation in
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Thompson, J. D. 2001. How do visitation patterns vary among
pollinators in relation to floral display and floral design in a generalist
pollination system? Oecologia 126(3): 386-394.
Thompson, P. R. 1978.
Histological development of cuticle in the worker honeybee, Apis
mellifera adansonii. Journal of Apiculture Research 17(1):
32-40, 462-466.
Thompson, P. R. & H. R.
Hepburn, 1977.
Sclerotization of abdominal cuticle from the adult African honeybee (Apis
mellifera adansonii L.). Proceedings of the 2nd
Entomological Congress of the Entomological Society of southern
Africa. Pp. 45-56.
Thompson, P. R. & H. R.
Hepburn, 1978.
Changes in chemical and mechanical properties of cuticle in adult worker
honeybees (Apis mellifera adansonii L.) cuticle during development.
Journal of Comparative Physiology 126: 257-262.
Thompson, V.
1964. Behaviour genetics of nest cleaning in honeybees. III. Effect of age
of bees of a resistant line on their response to disease killed brood.
Journal of Apicultural Research 3(1): 25-30.
Thompson, V. & W.
Rothenbuhler,
1957. Resistance to American foulbrood in honey bees.II.
Differential protection of larvae by adults of different genetic lines.
Journal of Economic Entomology 50: 731-737.
Thomson, C. G.
1870. [Hymenoptera of Sweden]. Opusc. Entomol. (i)3:
41-43.; (ii)6: 90-100; (ii)10: 140-156; (ii)13:
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Thomson, C. G.
1872. Hymenoptera Scandinaviae. (Apis Lin.). 2:
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Thomson, G. M.
1891. The humble bee in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of
Science (n.s.) 1: 16-26.
Thomson, G. M.
1927. The pollination of New Zealand flowers by birds and
insects. Proc. New Zealand Inst. Trans. 57:
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Thomson, J. D. 1978a. A local replacement of Bombus ternarius
by Bombus terricola in northern Wisconsin (Hymenoptera:
Apidae). Great Lakes Entomologist 11(2): 101-103.
Thomson, J. D.
1978b. Effects of stand composition on insect visitation in
two-species mixtures of Hieracium. American Midland
Naturalist 100(2): 431-440.
Thomson, J. D.
1981. Field measures of flower constancy in bumblebees.
Am. Midl. Nat. 105: 377-380.
Thomson, J. D. 1986. Pollen transport and deposition by bumble
bees in Erythronium: influences of floral nectar and bee
grooming. Journal of Ecology 74(2): 329-341.
Thomson, J. D.
2001. Using pollination deficits to infer pollinator declines: can
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Thomson, J. D., W. P. Maddison & R. C. Plowright, 1982.
Behavior of bumble bee pollinators of Aralia hispida Vent.(
Araliaceae). Oecologia 54(3): 326-336.
Thomson, J. D., S. C. Peterson & L. D. Harder, 1987. Response of
traplining bumble bees to competition experiments: shifts in feeding
location and efficiency. Oecologia 71(2): 295-300.
Thomson, J. D., R. C. Plowright & G. R. Thaler, 1985. Matacil
insecticide spraying, pollinator mortality, and plant fecundity in
New Brunswick forests. Canadiaj Journal of Botany 63(11):
2056-2061.
Thomson, J. D., M. V. Price, N. M. Waser & D. A. Stratton, 1986.
Comparative studies of pollen and fluorescent dye transport by
bumble bees visiting Erythronium grandiflorum. Oecologia
69(4): 561-566.
Thomson, J. D. & D. A. Stratton, 1985. Floral morphology and
cross-pollination in Erythronium grandiflorum (Liliaceae).
American Journal of Botany 72(3): 433-437.
Thomson, J. D. &
B. A. Thomson, 1992. Pollen presentation and viability schedules
in animal-pollinated plants: consequences for reproductive success.
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Thomson, J. D., P. Wilson, M. Valenzuela & M. Malzone, 2000.
Pollen presentation and pollination syndromes, with special
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Thomson, S. V., D.
R. Hansen & K. M. Flint, 1993. Dissemination of bacteria
antagonistic to Erwinia amylovora by honeybees.
Plant Dis. 76: 1052-1056.
Thomson, S. V., D. R. Hansen, K. M. Flint & J. D. Vandenberg,
1992. Dissemination of bacteria antagonistic to Erwinia amylovora
by honey bees. Plant Disease 76(10): 1052-1056.
Thorp, R. W.
1962. Notes on the distributions of some bumblebees of western North
America (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 38:
21-28.
Thorp, R. W.
1963. A new species of the genus Trachusa from
California with a key to the known species. Pan-Pacific
Entomologist 39: 56-58.
Throp, R. W.
1965. The development of commercial wild bee pollination
in the west. 7th Bee Pollination conference,
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Throp, R. W.
1966a. Alfalfa pollination with honey bees, leaf-cutting bees
and alkali bees. In: Proceedings of the Seed
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Thorp, R. W.
1966b. Synopsis of the genus Heterostelis Timberlake
(Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Journal of the Kansas
Entomological Society 39: 131-146.
Thorp, R. W.
1967. Labotratory methods for biological studies on Monodontomerus
obscurus Westwood. Proceedings Pacific Coast Entomological Society,
Pan-Pacific Entomologist 43: 95-96.
Thorp, R. W.
1968a. Ecology of a Proteriades and its Chrysura
parasite, with larval descriptions (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae,
Chrysididae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society
41: 324-331.
Thorp, R. W.
1968b. Mortality factors in the population dynamics of the alfalfa
leafcutting bee. I. Biotic factors. In: Abstracts Idaho
Seedman’s Short Course, p. 24-25.
Thorp, R. W.
1968c. Mortality factors in the population dynamics of the alfalfa
leafcutting bee. II. Physical and cultural factors. In:
Abstracts Idaho Seedman’s Short Course, p. 26.
Thorp, R. W.
1968d. Larval mortality in wild bee population management.
In: Proceedings of the 14th forage Insects Res.
Conf. Reno (Nevada), p. 21.
Thorp, R. W.
1969a. The identity of Bombus vandykei (Hymenoptera: Apidae).
Pan-Pacific Entomologist 45: 87-96.
Thorp, R. W.
1969b. Systematics and ecology of bees of the subgenus
Diandrena (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae). University of
California Publications in Entomology 52: 1-146.
Thorp, R. W.
1969c. Ecology and behavior of Melecta separata callura.
American Midland Naturalist 82: 338-345.
Thorp, R. W.
1969d. Ecology and behavior of Anthophora edwardsii.
American Midland Naturalist 82(2): 321-337.
Thorp, R. W.
1970. The type locality of Bombus franklini and notes on
putative Arizona records of other Bombini (Hymenoptera: Apidae).
Pan-Pacific Entomologist 46(3): 177-180.
Thorp, R. W. 1976. Insect pollination of vernal pool flowers. Pp.
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Conservation. Symposium Institure of Ecology, University of California
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Thorp, R. W.
1978. Bee management for almond pollination. Pp. 56-61. In: W. Micke
& D. Kester (eds.), Almond Orchard Management. Div. Agr. Sci., Univ.
Calif., Priced Publ. No. 4092: 150 pages.
Thorp, R. W.
1979a. Honey bee foraging behavior in California
almond orchards. Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on
Pollination. Maryland
Agricultural Experiment Station, Special Miscellaneous Pulbication 1:
385-392.
Thorp, R. W.
1979b. Structural, behavioral and physiological adaptations of
bees (Apoidea) for collecting pollen. Annals of the
Missouri Botanical Garden 66: 788-812.
Thorp, R. W.
1981. Bee management for prune pollination.
Prune orchard management.
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Thorp, R. W.
1983a. Pollination of fruit crops. Australasian Beekeeper 84(9):
186-188.
Thorp, R. W.
1983b. Australian pollination reviewed. Recommendations for honey bee
pollination services in Australia. Australian Bee J. 64(4): 16-21.
Thorp, R. W.
1983c. Australian pollination
reviewed. II. General recommendations on commercial pollination in Australia.
Australian Bee J. 64(5): 11-15.
Thorp, R. W.
1984a. Bees--Orchard VIP’s: recommendations for almond pollination in
Australia. W. Austr. Nut & Tree Crop Assoc. Yearbook No.9: 5-15.
Thorp, R. W.
1984b. Pollen foraging, pollen trapping and almond pollination. Calif. Bee
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Thorp, R. W. 1984c. Honeybees in almond pollination. Almond
Facts 49(1): 30-32.
Thorp, R. W.
1986a. How many honeybees do you need for almond pollination? Almond Facts
(Nov/Dec), p. 15.
Thorp, R. W.
1986b. Pollination contract. Almond Facts (Nov/Dec), p. 15.
Thorp, R. W. 1987a. A new species of Andrena
(Onagrandrena) from Utah's San Rafael Desert (Hymenoptera:
Andrenidae). Pan-Pacific Entomologist 63(2): 194-198.
Thorp, R. W.
1987b. The Africanized honey bee. Almond Facts 52(1):
31.
Thorp, R. W. 1987c.
Almond Pollination. Proc. West. Apic. Soc. 10th Ann. Conf., Reno, NV
(27-31 July), pp. 17-19.
Thorp, R. W. 1990. Vernal
pool flowers and host specific bees. Pp. 109-122. In: Ikeda,
D. H. and R. A. Schlising (eds.), Vernal Pool
Plants: Their Habitat and Biology. Studies from the Herbarium, No. 8.
California State University at Chico, 178 pp.
Thorp, R. W.
1994. Pollination. Pp. 53-57. In: Hasey, J. K., R. S. Johnson, J. A.
Grant & W. O. Reil (eds., Kiwifruit Growing and Handling. University
of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Publication
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Thorp, R. W. 1996. Resource
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Matheson, A., S. L. Buchmann, C. O’Toole, P. Westrich, and I. H. Williams,
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Thorp, R. W. 1997. Research
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Thorp, R. W. 1997. Vernal
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Thorp, R. W. 2000. The
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211-223.
Thorp, R. W. & D.
L. Briggs, 1972. Mortality in immature alfalfa leafcutter
bees in relation of alfalfa saponins. Envitonmental
Entomology 1(4): 399-401.
Thorp, R. W. & D. L. Briggs, 1980. Bees collecting pollen from
other bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea).
Journal of the Kansas
Entomological Society
53(1): 166-170.
Thorp, R. W. & D. L. Briggs, 1986a. Rapid honeybee colony
strength evaluation with cluster size measurements. Almond Facts
51(5): 30-31.
Thorp, R. W. & D. L. Briggs, 1986b. Sugar syrup
feeding and pollen traps increase bee pollen foraging for almond
pollination. Almond Facts 51(6): 16-17.
Thorp, R. W., D.
L. Briggs, J. R. Estes & E. H. Erickson, 1975. Nectar
flouorescence under ultra-violet irradiation. Science
189(4201): 476-477.
Thorp, R. W.,
D. L. Briggs, J. R. Estes & E. H. Erickson, 1976. Fluorescent nectar.
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Thorp, R. W., D. L. Briggs & J. White, 1986. Survey of
factors affecting pollination and yield in almonds. Almond Facts
51(1): 17,19.
Thorp, R. W. & R.
W. Brooks, 1994. A revision of new world Trachusa,
subgenera Ulanthidium and Trachusomimus (Hymenoptera:
Megachilidae). University of Kansas Science Bulletin
55(8): 271-297.
Thorp, R. W. & A.
Chemsak, 1964. Biological observations on Melissodes
(Eumelissodes) pallidisignata. Pan-Pacific Entomologist
40: 75-83.
Thorp, R. W. & B. Curtis,
1986. Tracheal mites of honeybees. Almond Facts (Sep/Oct), p. 29.
Thorp, R. W., E. H. Erickson, F. E. Moeller, M. D. Levin, W.
Stranger & D. L. Briggs, 1973. Flight activity and
uniformity comparisons between honey bees in disposable pollination
units (DPU's) and overwintered colonies. (Apis mellifera).
Environmental Entomology 2(4): 525-529.
Thorp, R. W., E. H. Erickson, F. E. Moeller, M. D. Levin, W.
Stranger & D. L. Briggs, 1974. Disposable pollination units
tested for almond pollination in California. American Bee Journal
114(2): 58-60.
Thorp, R. W. & J.
R. Estes, 1975. Infrafloral behavior of bees (Hymenoptera) on
flowers of Cassia fasciculata (Leguminosae). Journal of
the Kansas Entomological Society 48(2): 175-184.
Thorp, R. W., G.
W. Frankie, J. Barthell, D. G. Gordon, L. Newstrom, T. Griswold, J.
Schmidt & S. Thoenes, 1992. Long-term studies to
gauge effects of invading bees. California Agriculture 46(1):
20-23.
Thorp, R. W. & D. M. Gordon,
1992. Biodiversity and pollination biology of bees in coastal nature
preserves. Pp. 105-111. In: Kerner, H. M. (ed.), Proceedings of
a Symposium on the Biodiversity of
Northwestern California.
28-30 October 1991, Santa Rosa, CA. University of California, Division of
Agriculture and Natural Resources, Wildland Resource Center, Berkeley, CA.
Report 29. 283 pp.
Thorp, R. W., D.
S. Horning Jr. & L. L. Dunning, 1983. Bumblebees and cuckoo
bumble bees of California (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Bulletin of the
California Insect Survey 23: viii + 79 pp.
Thorp, R. W. &
J. M. Leong, 1995. Native bee pollinators of vernal pool plants.
Fremontia 23(2): 3-7.
Thorp, R. W. & J. M. Leong,
1998. Specialist bee pollinators of showy vernal pool flowers. Pp. 169-179.
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Ecosystems. Proceedings of the conference of the California Native Plant
Society, Sacramento, CA. 1996: 285 pp.
Thorp, R. W. & G. M. Loper,
1984. Bee colony management techniques for improved pollination.
Almond
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Thorp, R. W. & E. Mussen,
1977. Honey bees in almond pollination. Div. Agr. Sci., Univ. Calif.
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Thorp, R. W. & E. Mussen,
1984. Honey bees in almond pollination. Almond Facts 49(1): 30-32.
(Reprint of 1979 Div. Agr. Sci., Univ. Calif.
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Thorp, R. W. & G.
I. Stage, 1968. Ecology of Andrena placida with
descriptions of the larva and pupa. Annals of the
Entomological Society of America 61: 1580-1586.
Thorp, R. W., W. Stanger & T.
Aldrich, 1967. Effects of artificial pollination on yield of Nonpareil
almond trees.
California Agriculture 21:14-15 (Sept. 1967).
Thorp, R. W. & E. A. Sugden,
1990. Extrafloral nectaries producing rewards for pollinator attraction in
Acacia longifolia. Israel Journal of Botany 39: 177-186.
Thorp, R. W., A. M. Wenner & J. F. Barthell, 1994. Flowers visited by
honey bees and native bees on Santa Cruz Island. Pp. 351-365. In: W.
L. Halvorson & G. J. Maender (eds.), The Fourth California Islands
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Natural History, Santa Barbara, CA.
Thorp, R. W., A. M. Wenner &
J. F. Barthell, 2000. Pollen and nectar resource overlap among bees on Santa Cruz Island. Pp.
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in hybrid colonies of Apis mellifera
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Tierney, S. M., M. P.
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1924a. Some remarks on the eolution of bees. 2. Fruit
grower and apiarist, Auckland, 2 pages.
Tillyard, R. J.
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Tillyard, R. J.
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Timberlake, P. H.
1921. Notes on the Hawaiian bees of the genus Megachile.
Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society 4:
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Timberlake, P. H.
1937. New anthophorid bees from California (Hymenoptera).
American Museum Novitates 958: 1-17.
Timberlake, P. H.
1939a. New species of bees of the genus Dufourea from
California (Hymenoptera, Apoidea). Annals of the
Entomological Society of America 32: 395-414.
Timberlake, P. H.
1939b. New species of bees of the genus Diadasia from
California (Hym., Apoidea). Bulletin of the Brooklyn
Entomological Society 34: 11-16.
Timberlake, P. H.
1941a. Ten new species of Stelis from California.
Journal of the New York entomological Society 49:
123-137.
Timberlake, P. H.
1941b. Synoptic table of North American species of Diadasia.
Bulletin of the Brooklyn Entomological Society 36:
1-11.
Timberlake, P. H.
1943a. Bees of the genus Colletes chiefly from Colorado.
Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 81:
3850410.
Timberlake, P. H.
1943b. Racial differentiation in nearctic species of
Dianthidium. Journal of the New York Entomological
Society 51: 71-109.
Timberlake, P. H.
1947a. A revision of the species of Exomalopsis
inhabiting the United States. Journal of the New York
Entomological Society 55: 85-106.
Timberlake, P. H.
1947b. New species of Perdita from the southern states
(Hymenoptera: Apoidea).
Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 49: 81-84.
Timberlake, P. H.
1952a. Descriptions of new species of Nomadopsis from
California and Texas, and of a new allied genus from South America.
Annals of the Entomological Society of America 45:
104-118.
Timberlake, P. H.
1952b. A new name for the bee genus Ruiziella.
Annals of the Entomological Society of America 45: 528.
Timberlake, P. H.
1952c. New records of Perdita from the eastern United States
(Hymenoptera, Apoidea).
Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 54: 199-204.
Timberlake, P. H.
1953a. Erratum. Annals of the Entomological Society
of America 46: 598.
Timberlake, P. H.
1953b. Bees of the genus Perdita in the collection of
the University of Kansas. University of Kansas Science
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Timberlake, P. H.
1954. A revisional study of the bees of the genus Perdita
F. Smith, with special reference to the fauna of the Pacific
coast, Part I. University of California Publications in
Entomology no. 9: 345-432.
Timberlake, P. H.
1955a. A new genus for two new species of dufoureine bees from
California. Pan-Pacific Entomologist 31:
105-108.
Timberlake, P. H.
1955b. Notes on the species of Psaenythia of North
America. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Zoologia Generale e
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Timberlake, P. H.
1956. A revisional study of the bees of the genus Perdita
F. Smith, with special reference to the fauna of the Pacific
coast, Part II. University of California Publications in
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Timberlake, P. H.
1958. A revisional study of the bees of the genus Perdita
F. Smith, with special reference to the fauna of the Pacific
coast, Part III. University of California Publications in
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Timberlake, P. H.
1960a. A revisional study of the bees of the genus Perdita
F. Smith, with special reference to the fauna of the Pacific
coast, Part IV. University of California Publications in
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Timberlake, P. H.
1960b. A peculiar new Halicitine bee from California
(Hymenoptera: Apoidea).
Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 62: 105-106.
Timberlake, P. H.
1961. A review of the genus Conanthalictus.
Pan-Pacific Entomologist 37: 145-160.
Timberlake, P. H.
1962. A revisional study of the bees of the genus Perdita F.
Smith, with special reference to the fauna of the Pacific coast,
Part V. University of California Publications in Entomology
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Timberlake, P. H.
1964a. A revisional study of the bees of the genus Perdita F.
Smith, with special reference to the fauna of the Pacific coast,
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Timberlake, P. H.
1964b. Some new species of Pseudopanurgus of the
subgenus Heterosarus Robertson. American Museum
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Timberlake, P. H.
1967. New species of Pseudopanurgus from Arizona.
Amrican Museum Novitates no. 2298: 1-23.
Timberlake, P. H.
1968. A revisional study of the bees of the genus Perdita
F. Smith, with special reference to the fauna of the
Pacific coast, Part VII (including index to parts I to VII).
University of California Publications in Entomology no.49:
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Timberlake, P. H.
1969a. Metapsaenythia, a new panurgine bee genus.
Entomological News 80: 89-92.
Timberlake, P. H.
1969b. A contribution to the systematics of North American species
of Synhalonia. University of California Publications in
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Torchio, P. F. 1984. Field experiments with Osmia lignaria
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studies (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Journal of the Kansas
Entomological Society 57(3): 517-521.
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apple orchards. IV. 1978 studies (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). Journal
of the Kansas Entomological Society 57(4):
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Torchio, P. F.
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57(2): 276-297.
Torchio, P. F. 1984d. Discovery of Osmia tanneri
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Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 58(3):
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Torchio, P. F.
1986. Late embryogenesis and egg eclosion in Triepeolus
and Anthophora with a prospectus of nomadine classification.
Annals of the Entomological Society of America 79:
588-596.
Torchio, P. F.
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Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Ontario 118:
111-124.
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the Entomological Society of America 82(5): 599-615.
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Environmental Entomology 20(2): 590-596.
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changing environments. Acta Horticulturae 288:
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expressions of chalkbrood syndrome caused by Ascosphaera
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Osmia cornuta Latr. into the US as a potential pollinator of
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lignaria propingua Cresson. Journal of the Kansas
Entomological Society 58(1): 42-52.
Torchio, P. F., E.
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Torchio, P. F. &
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development of Epeolus compactus Cresson, a cleptoparasite of
Colletes kincaidii Cockerell. Annals of the
Entomological Society of America 81(4): 626-636.
Torchio, P. F. &
B. Burwell, 1987. Notes on the biology of Cadeguala
occidentlis (Hymenoptera: Colltidae), and a review of colletid
pupae. Annals of the Entomological Society of America
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Entomological Society of America 54: 683-692.
Torchio, P. F. &
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Torchio, P. F. & V. J. Tepedino, 1982. Parsivoltinism in three
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embryogenesis and hatching. Annals of the Entomological
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development of its immature forms. Annals of the
Entomological Society of America 81(4): 605-625.
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