Mr. Haskell
History
23 March 2005
ESLR
1. Utilize appropriate skills in reading, writing, speaking, and listening.
2. Develop critical thinking skills to interpret, evaluate, and analyze
3. Demonstrate responsible citizenship and respect for human diversity
CH 29 and 30 Study Guide
Apartheid: Apartheid is an official policy of racial segregation formerly practiced in the Republic of South Africa. It involved in political, legal, and economic discrimination against nonwhites.
Civil disobedience: Civil disobedience is a refusal to obey civil laws in an effort to induce change in governmental policy or legislation. It is characterized by the use of passive resistance or other nonviolent means.
Diego Rivera: Rivera is a Mexican painter noted for his murals that exalt workers in a style derived from Mexican folk art. He lived from 1886-1957.
Hirohito: Hirohito was the emperor of Japan who advocated the Japanese government's unconditional surrender that ended World War II. In 1946 he renounced his divine status.
Jiang Jieshi: Jieshi was an army officer who took over the Guomindang and led them in the Long March to reunite China. He crushed local warlords and wanted to capture Beijing for his party.
Muhammad Ali Jinrah: Jinrah was the leader of the Muslim League who came from a middle-class background. He wanted a separate state for Muslims and believed Pakistan was the “land of pure” meant for Muslims from India.
Nationalization: Nationalization is government takeover of natural resources. This permitted the breakup of large estates and placed restrictions of landowners.
Pancho Villa: Villa was a radical leader who was a hard riding rebel from the north during the Mexican revolution. He won loyalty from his peasant followers but in the process killed millions of them.
Cause of the 1910 Mexico Revolution: The dictator Porfirio Diaz had ruled and gave Mexico economic growth such as railroads and foreigner investors. Peasants lived in poverty and all demands where crushed by military or police. Eventually discontent boiled into a full scale revolution.
Pan-Africanism: Pan-Africanism was set up to emphasize the unity of Africans and people of African descents. Dubois organized the first conference to approve a charter of rights for Africans.
Mandate System (M. East): The mandate system was a group of territories administered by European nations. These angered the Arab nations who at the end of WWI felt betrayed by the west when they were promised independence for their help in fighting.
Great Salt March: Gandhi believed that the British imposed salt monopoly was an evil burden because of severe taxing. Natural salt was available in the seas but Indians were forbidden to touch or sell it. Gandhi’s intention was to shake Indians feelings toward British colonial rule.
May Fourth Movement: The May Fourth Movement was a large group of students gathered Beijing and declared “Chinas territory may be conquered, but it can not be given away.” Students organized boycotts whose chief goal was to strengthen the empire of China.
Effect of Great Depression in Japan: Trade and economic lifeline suffered as foreign buyers could no longer afforded Japanese silks and other exports which the Japanese heavily relied on. Unemployment increased and peasants faced starvation in rural villages.
CH. 30
General strike: A general strike consisted of many workers in many different industries striking at the same time. It lasted nine days and involved 3 million workers when the wages remained low in Britain.
Stream of consciousness: In this technique, a writer probes characters random thoughts without imposing any logic or order. Woolf used this to express the hidden thoughts of people through there everyday lives.
Flapper: A flapper was a rebellious young woman in the 1920’s. The first flappers were American but Europeans soon adopted new ways and hated old ways.
Concentration camp: A concentration camp is a detention center for civilians considered enemies of the state. Hitler and his henchmen used these to detain Jews for the “final solution”: the extermination of all Jews.
Leon Blum: In 1936, several left wing parties united behind socialist leader Blum. His attempts at economic reform fell through resulting in a series of crisis. Democracy in France survived, but lacked strong leadership that could respond to change.
Marie Curie: Curie was a Polish-born French chemist. She shared a 1903 Nobel Prize with her husband, Pierre Curie and Henri Becquerel for fundamental research on radioactivity. In 1911 she won a second Nobel Prize for her discovery and study of radium and polonium.
Franklin D. Roosevelt: FDR was the 32nd President of the United States. Governor of New York, he ran for President with the promise of a New Deal for the American people.
Virginia Woolf: Woolf was a British writer whose works include fiction written in an experimental stream-of-consciousness style. Woolf used this to express the hidden thoughts of people through there everyday lives.
Albert Einstein: Einstein was a German-born American theoretical physicist whose special and general theories of relativity revolutionized modern thought on the nature of space and time. His work formed a theoretical base for the exploitation of atomic energy.
James Joyce: Joyce was an Irish writer whose literary innovations have had a profound influence on modern fiction. His works include Ulysses and Finnegan’s Wake.
Pablo Picasso: Picasso was a famous Spanish artist. He became one of the most prolific and influential artists of the 20th century. Picasso excelled in painting, sculpture, etching, stage design, and ceramics.
Joseph Pilsudski: Pilsudski was the dictator of Poland. He was a fascist leader who based his ideas on the model set in Italy by Benito Mussolini.
Frank Lloyd Wright: Wright was an American architect whose distinctive style, based on natural forms, had a great influence on the modern movement in architecture. His designs included private homes, the Johnson Wax Company Building in Racine, Wisconsin, and the Guggenheim Museum in New York City.
Kellog-Briand Pact: This pact was an agreement that almost every independent nation signed. This was set up to renounce an instrument of national policy. This was a pursuit of disarmament in the world.
Fascism: A system of government marked by centralization of authority under a dictator, stringent socioeconomic controls, suppression of the opposition through terror and censorship, and typically a policy of belligerent nationalism and racism. Benito Mussolini is said to be the father of Fascism.
Adolph Hitler: Hitler was an Austrian-born founder of the German Nazi Party and chancellor of the Third Reich. His fascist philosophy was embodied in Mein Kampf, meaning my struggle. He became dictator of Germany, and we all know what happened next.
Totalitarian rule: Totalitarian rule was a system of government in which the government had complete control over every aspect of life. Hitler’s fascists’ ideas brought about a totalitarian rule in Germany.
Mein Kampf: This was the book, My Struggle, which Hitler wrote when he was in jail. In it he expressed many things, including racism and other wonderful things like anti-Semitism.
Campaign against the Jews: Hitler wanted to drive the Jews out of Germany. The Nuremberg placed severe restrictions against the Jews such as not being allowed to marry non Jews, attending or teaching at German schools or universities, holding government jobs, practicing law or medicine, or publishing books.
Great Depression: The economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930s. It first hit America, but soon spread to its business partners in Europe and eventually throughout the world and across the Pacific.
Mussolini: Benito was the Italian Fascist dictator and prime minister who conducted an expansionist foreign policy, formalized an alliance with Germany, and brought Italy into World War II. Dismissed by Victor Emmanuel III, he led a puppet Nazi government in northern Italy until 1945, when he was assassinated.
Weimar Republic: The Weimer was a democratic government that failed in Germany, giving rise to Hitler. It gave both women and men the right to vote along with other rights soon to be stripped away.
Kristallnacht: This was also known as the night of the broken glass. These days occurred on November 9th and 10th, 1938. This was when the Nazi mobs led attacks against the Jewish community under Hitler’s ruling.
List causes of Great Depression: A major problem was overproduction, the demand for raw materials also increased. Higher farm output was met with a low demand, Consumers benefited but the producers went out of business. Industrial workers won higher wages and raised the price of manufactured goods. This imbalance combined with other problems undermined industrialized economies of the world.