Logic and Fallacies of Logic
I. Errors of Interpretation
1. Errors of Deduction Fallacies Of Form (Formal Fallacies)
i. Fallacy of Four Words
ii. Error Of Undistributed Middle
iii. Error Due to Illicit Major
iv. Errors Due to Illicit Minor
v. Fallacy arising out of two negative premises
vi. Fallacy arising out of two particular premises
vii. Fallacy arising out of Denying the Antecedent
viii. Fallacy arising out of affirming the consequent
ix. Fallacy arising out of improper disjunciton
x. Material Fallacies
a. Fallacy of Presumption
b. Fallacy of Equivocation
2. Errors Due To Ambiguity(Amphiboly)
i. Errors due to ambiguous terms
ii. Fallacy arising out of fiqures of speech
iii. Fallacy of Composition
iv. Fallacy of Division
v. Fallacy of Accident
vi. Fallacy of Dilemma
3. Fallacy of Accent - Fallacies of Concept
i. The error of Circular Reasoning (Petition Principii)
ii. Fallacy of Multiple Questions
iii. Fallacy of Sidetracking (Ignoratio Elenchi)
a. The Fallacy of Argument by Accusation (Argumentum Ad Hominem)
b. The Fallacy of Argument by Mob Emotions (Argumentum Ad Populum)
c. The Fallacy of Argument by Exploiting the Ignorance of Listeners (Argumentum Ad Ignorantiam)
d. The Fallacy of Argument by Appealing to the Opinion of Famous People (Argumentum Ad Verecundium)
e. The Fallacy of Argument by Threatening (Argumentum Ad Baculum)
4. Fallacies Of Induction
i. Due To Faulty Language
a. Double Meaning
b. Undefined Terms
c. Figurative Language
ii. Due To Faulty Observation
iii. Due To Faulty Logic
a. Fallacies Of Hypothesis
b. Hasty Generalization
iv. Due To Human Nature
a. Influnce of The Tribe
b. Influence of Nature
c. Influence of The Market-Place
d. Influence of Popular Ideas
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