Alphabet	a (êi) - b (bi) - c (ci) - d (di) - e (i) - f (éf) - g (dji) - h (êitch) i (ái) - j (djêi) - k (kêi) - l (él) - m (ém) - n (én) - o (ôu) - p (pi) q (qiú) - r (ar) - s (éss) - t (thi) - u (iú) - v (vi) - w (diáboliú) x (écs) - y (uái) - z (zi)
at, to, about, with, from, of, for	at, to, about, with, from, of, for - no final de frases: Ex: - What are you laughing at? I'm laughing at you - Who was she talking to? To her cousin - What are they thinking about? About the test - I don't know what they are thinking of
Can, Could	can, could - poder, ter possibilidade de, capacidade, habilidade ou permissão para, saber (fazer algo). - Ex: I can swin (I know how to swin) can - posso, tenho possibilidade de, capacidade, habilidade ou permissão para. (não admitem "to", "does", "did") could - poderia, podia, pôde, etc can't - não posso, ... cannot - não posso, ... (enfático) couldn't - não podia, não poderia
Comparatives	Acrescenta-se "-er" ou "-r" ao adjetivo comparativo e exceç⌡es: old - older (than) -> velho - mais velho (que) late - later (than) -> tarde - mais tarde (que) hot - hotter (than) -> quente - mais quente (que) thin - thinner (than) -> magro - mais magro (que) pretty - pretier (than) - bonito - mais bonito (que) easy - easier (than) - fácil - mais fácil (que) tired - more tired (than) -> cansado - mais cansado (que) expensive - more expensive (than) -> caro - mais caro (que) good/well - better (than) -> bom/beml - melhor (que) bad - worse (than) -> mau/mal - pior (que) far - futher (than) -> longe - mais longe (que)
Expressions for comparing things	A is {Far | Rather | Somewhat | Slightly} {more X | X-er} than B
Future indicative	Will - auxiliar que indica futuro I'll, you'll, he'll, she'll, it'll, we'll, you'll, they'll - (formas contraidas do "will") Obs.: Na interrogação não se contrai o "will" Will not (negação de "will") won't (negação de "will", forma contraida) Would - (indica o condicional - futuro do pretérito - do verbo) wouldn't - (indica a negação do condicional) I'd, you'd, he'd, she'd, it'd, we'd, you'd, they'd Should - devo, deves, etc.; devia, devias, etc; deveria shouldn't - não devo, não deves, etc.; não devia, não deverias, etc.
Had + past participle	"had" + past participle - Não aceita auxiliares. Ex.: - I had studied a lot - She had left when I arrived - I was glad he hand't come
Hours	03:00 - It's three o'clock - São três horas. 03:05 - It's three-o-five - It's five past (after) three - São três e cinco 03:10 - It's three ten - It's ten past (after) three - São três e dez. 03:15 - It's three fifteen - It's a quarter past (after) three - São três e quinze 03:20 - It's three twenty - It's twenty past (after) three - São três e vinte 03:25 - It's three twenty-five - It's twenty-five past (after) three - São três e vinte e cinco 03:30 - It's three thirty - It's half past (after) three - São três e meia 03:35 - It's three thirty-five - It's twenty-five to four - São três e trinta e cinco - São vinte e cinco p/ as quatro 03:40 - It's three forty - It's twenty to four - São três e quarenta - São vinte para as quatro 03:45 - It's three forty-five - It's a quarter to four - São três e quarenta e cinco - São quinze para as quatro 03:50 - It's three fifty - It's ten to four - São três e cinquenta - São dez para as quatro 03:55 - It's three fifty-five - It's five to four - São três e cinquenta e cinco - São cinco para as quatro 04:00 - It's four o'clock - São quatro horas.
Inversion - "Neither", "nor" e "so"	Podem ser usados em uma fase na qual dizemos que uma pessoa (ou coisa, ou situação) é igual a outra recém mencionada, de forma invertida. Nestes casos, quando forem acompanhados de pronomes, os pronomes usados serão os possessivos. Ex: - My mother is sick. So is my sister - I can't go today. Neither (nor) can I. - My father doesn't smoke. Neither does mine. - Your car is beautiful. So is yours.
Just as and Just when	"just as" and "just when" Used in a sentence to say that two short actions happened at the same time. Ex: - Just as she opened the door, the telephone rang. - I was thinking about that just when you said it to me.
May	"Poder", "ser possível que" (no sentido de permissão, possibilidade e no sentido formal). Não admite "to" e não aceita auxiliar. Ex: - May I close the window? - He may be waiting for us. - May I help you?
Might	"Poder", "podia", "ser possível que" (indica uma possibilidade). Não admite "to" e não aceita auxiliar. Ex: - It might (may) rain today. - I might not go to school tomorrow.
Must	"Dever"; "ter que" (não adimite "to" e não aceita auxiliar). Ex: - You must go now. (imposição) - You must be tired. (suposição) - They mustn't have got there in time. (pouco usado) - Must you go now? (pouco usado)
Numbers	twenty-one - 21 sixty - 60 penny - $ 0,01 twenty-two - 22 seventy - 70 nickel - $ 0,05 thirty - 30 eighty - 80 dine - $ 0,10 thirty-one - 31 ninety - 90 quarter - $ 0,25 forty - 40 one(a) hundred - 100 half dollar - $ 0,50 forty-one - 41 one hundread and one - 101 fithy cents - $ 0,50 fifty - 50 two hundred - 200 single - $ 1,00 one(a) thousand - 1,000 one thousand and one - 1,001 one thousand one hundread and one - 1,001 one (a) million(s) - 1,000,000 two million(s) - 2,000,000 two million five hundread thousand - 2,500,000
One, Ones, One's	One -She's the only one who can help me -Don't you want another one? Ones - They aren't the only ones who are compaining One's - One's thoughts are very important
Ordinal Numbers	1 st (first), 2 nd (second), 3 rd (third), 4 th (fourfh), 5 th (fifth), 6 th (sixth), 7 th (seventh), 8 th (eighth), 9 th (ninth), 10 th (tenth), 11 th (eleventh), 12 th (twelfth), 13 th (thirteenth), 14 th (fourteenth), 15 th (fifteenth), 16 th (sixteenth), 17 th (seventeenth), 18 th (eighteenth), 19 th (nineteenth), 20 th (twentieth), 21 st (twenty-first), 30 th (thirtieth), 100 th (one hundredth), 1,000 th (one thousandth), 1,000,000 th (one millionth)
ought to	ought to* - deveria, deve (sem "to" antes) Ex: They ought to see that film *usado apenas na afirmativa
Participle Clause	Also used to say more about the action of the verb, or idea (adv. details) expressed by the sentence. Ex: - Not knowing what to do, I called his parents. - Looking at Mary, I noticed she had some white hair. - It rained all week, making our trip very boring.
Participle clause (adj. details)	Participle clause (adj. details) Follows a noun that refers to something definite (a person, thing, group, etc), and usually has a progressive meaning. Ex: - I like that girl sitting on the beach. - I like that girl who is sitting on the beach.
Passive Voice	"to be" + past participle + by Ex.: - I wrote this letter. This letter was written by me. - The indians make this. This is made by the indians - He is writing this book. This book is being written by him.
Past Perfect Continuous	"Had been" + "ing" - Não aceita auxiliares, geralmente usado com "when" Ex.: - She had been crying when he found her. - He hadn't been attending school for two weeks when his mother found out. - They had been traveling for months when we met them
Question tag	Complemento de uma frase denotando incerteza. Ex: - You go to church, don't you? - You are happy, aren't you? - You're going with me, aren't you? - They ate a lot, didn't they? - You have been busy, haven't you? - They won't be here tonight, will they? - You wouldn't do that to me, would you?
Short answers	so do I, so am I, so was I, etc -- eu também so do you, so are you, so were you, etc -- você também I do not (don't), I am (I'm) not, I was (wasn't), etc -- eu não you do not (don't), you are not (aren't). you were not (weren't), etc -- você(s) não Neither do I, neither was I, etc -- Nem eu I do, I am, I was -- Eu + verbo You do, you are, you were -- você + verbo Either ... or -- ou ... ou Either -- tanto um quanto o outro, qualquer um Neither... nor -- nem ... nem Neither -- nem um, nem outro, nenhum "Not" é usado quando não ocorre verbo
Short answers 2	Yes, I do; Yes, he does, etc - Sim, eu (veb. pres), Sim, ele (verb. pres.), ... No, I don't, No, he doesn't, etc - Nao eu não (verb. pres.); Não, ele não (verb. pres.), ... Yes, I didn't; No, he didn't; etc. - Sim, eu (verb. pres.); Sim, ele (verb. pres.). No, I didn't; No, he didn't, etc. - Não, eu não (verb. pres.); Não, ele não (verb. pres.). Yes, I usually do; Yes, he usually does, etc - sim eu geralmente (verb. pres.); Sim ele geralmente (verb. pres.).
Short answers 3	Yes, I am - sim, sou (estou). Yes, he is. - sim, ele é (está). No, I'm not - Não, não sou (estou). No, he's not, He isn't - Não, ele não é (está). Yes, I was - Sim, eu era (estava). Yes, they were - Sim, eles eram (estavam). No, I wasn't - Não, eu não era (estava). No, they weren't - Não, eles não eram (estavam).
So and Such	SO -> tão - precede adjetivos e advérbios sem substantivos: Ex: - He is so stupid - I was so tired that I went to bed early SUCH (a) -> tão- precede adjetivos com substantivos: Ex: - I heard such a stupid story - I've nerver met such a crazy person
Superlatives	Acrescenta-se "-est" ou "-st" ao adjetivo: strong - (the) strongest -> forte - (o) mais forte nice - (the) nicest -> agradável - (o) mais agradável big - (the) biggest -> grande - (o) maior fat - (the) fattest -> gordo - (o) mais gordo easy - (the) easiest -> fácil - (o) mais fácil crazy - (the) craziest - louco - (o) mais louco beautiful - (the) most beautiful -> lindo/bonito - (o) mais lindo/bonito intelligent - (the) most intelligent -> inteligente - (o) mais inteligente good/well - (the) best -> bom/bem - (o) melhor bad - (the) worst -> mau/mal/ruim - (o) pior far - (the) farthest ou (the) furthest -> longe - (o) mais longe
That	"That" Before an adjective with the meaning of "tão...assim", usually in negative or interrogative sentences. Ex.: - This cake isn't that good. - Is the farm that far? - It isn't that bad for your first time.
to be + verb + "ing"	"to be" + verb + "ing" - Não aceita auxiliares. Ex.: - What are you doing tomorrow? - Where are you going next Saturday? - What are you doing on the weekend? - Is she going to the dentist today?
to Have + got	to have + got - contracted forms - "I've", "you've", "he's", "she's", "it's", "we've", "you've" and "they've". Ex.: - I've got to go now - She's got something to do - He hasn't got a car - Has Billy got time today?
to Have + past participle	have + past participle - "ter" + verbo no participio passado, ou seja, na terceira forma apresentada. Não admite os auxiliares "do", "does", "did"; nestes casos "to have" agirá como auxiliar. Indica um tempo indefinido do passado. Ex.: - I have gone there many times - He has been my teacher for many years. - Have you been to Rio? - Have you ever felt like traveling to Italy?
to Have been + verb	to have been + verb + "ing" Ter ("estado";"sido") + verbo no gerúndio e podendo ser acompanhado de "for" ou "since". Ex.: - I've been studying English for many years. - He's been working a lot. - She's been living here since 1985. - Have you been painting the house? - Hasn't he been helping his father?
to need - needn't	"to need" (as a modal auxiliary verb) Dispensa o uso do auxiliar, do "-s" na terceira pessoa, não tem infinitivo ou particípio passado, e quando seguido de verbo no infinitivo dispensa o "to" "needn't" Forma contraída de negação Ex: - You needn't go if you don't want. - Needn't we be there before eight o'clock?
to want, to like, to need, to tell, to love + pronous + to	Ex.: - Why do I have to stay? Because Mother wants you to. - You're going to wear this coat because I told you to. - I want you to go. Are you sure you want me to? "to want", "to like", "to need", "to have" + "to" Ex.: - I have to go to school but I don't want to. - You don't like to study but you have to.
Useful expressions for introducing reasons	First of all | To begin with | Well, for starters Secondly | Besides that And still another reasons is | And yet another reasons is | And furthermore And finally | And lastly
Useful expressions for talking about	This picture {reminds me of | brings back memories of | takes me back to} {when | the time | my} … I'll never forget I vividly remember I have a vivid memory of I clearly remember I have a clear memory of I remember I have a memory of I vaguely remember I have a vague memory of
Useful expressions to talk about our feelings (negative)	I dislike her I don’t get along with her I am not close to her I am not crazy about her I don’t admire/respect her I don’t think much of her I don’t think a lot of her
Useful expressions to talk about our feelings (positive)	I am close to her I am fond of her = [like her a lot] I am in love with her I adore her [I really, really like her] I admire her I respect her I am crazy about her [like her a lot] I think a lot of her [we are friendly]
Verb "to be" - interrogative (past tense)	Was I? - eu era (estava, fui, estive)? Were you? - você era (estava)? Was he (she, it) - Ele (ela, neutro) era (estava)? Were We - Nós eramos (estávamos)? Were You - Vocês eram (estavam)? Were They - Eles (elas) eram (estavam)?
Verb "to be" afirmative (past tense)	I was - eu era (estava, fui, estive) You were - você era (estava) He (She, it) was - Ele (ela, neutro) era (estava) We were - Nós eramos (estávamos) You were - Vocês eram (estavam) They were - Eles (elas) eram (estavam)
Verb "to be" afirmative:	I am - eu sou, sou, estou You are - você é, Está He (She, it) is - Ele (ela, é) é, está We are - Nós somos, Estamos You are - Vocês são, estão They are - Eles (elas) são, estão
Verb "to be" interrogative	Am I - eu sou?, sou?, estou? Are you - você é?, Está? Is He (She, it) - Ele (ela, é) é, está? Are we - Nós somos?, Estamos? Are you - Vocês são?, estão? Are They - Eles (elas) são?, estão?
Verb "to be" negative	I am not - Não sou, Eu não sou, Não estou I'm not I'm not You are not - Você não é, Você não está You're not You aren't He is not - Ele não é, Ele não está He's not He isn't She is not - Ela não é, Ela não está She's not She isn't It is not - Não é, Não está It's not It isn't We are not - Nós não somos, Não estamos We're not We aren't You are not - Vocês não são, Vocês não estão You're not You aren't They are not - Eles (elas) não são, Eles não estão They're not They aren't
Verb "to be" negative (past tense)	I wasn't - eu não era (estava, fui, estive) You weren't - você não era (estava) He (She, it) wasn't - Ele (ela, neutro) não era (estava) We weren't - Nós não eramos (estávamos) You weren't - Vocês não eram (estavam) They weren't - Eles (elas) não eram (estavam)
Well	"well" Can be used as an adjective when we are talking about "health" Ex: She isn't very well An adjetive used only after a verb. Ex: She's well now "Well" can't be used to express other meanings (besides some idiomatic expressions). Ex: When I'm with you I fell fine (not "well") When we talk about "quality", we use "good" as an adjective and "well" as an adverb. Ex: - He speaks good English - He speaks English good - This is a good car, it works well but I don't think it is well painted.
Will you?	"Will you?" usado no final da frase como uma forma mais polida de ordem, geralmente precedida de uma frase imperativa. Ex: - Clean the table for me, will you?