Title: The history of England, from the invasion of Julius Cæsar to the abdication of
James the Second, 1688. By David Hume, esq.
Author: Hume, David, 1711-1776.
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Print Source: The history of England, from the invasion of Julius Cæsar to the abdication of
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Hume, David, 1711-1776.
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Page III
HISTORY OF ENGLAND FROM hle 3ntrasion of 3ittliti QirgarTHE ABDICATION OF
JAMIES THE SECOND, 168
8. BY DAVID UMiE, ESQ. TO WHICH IS PREFIXED A SHORT ACCOUNT OF HIS
LIFE, WRITTEN BY HIMISELF. A NEW EDITION, WITH THE AUTHOR'S LAST
CORRECTIONS AND IMPROVEMENTh TO WHICH IS ADDED A COlPLETE INDEX
OF TTIE WVHOLE WORK. VOL. \1. B 0 S T ON:
PHILLIPS, SAMPSON, AND COMPANY 1856
Page IV
Page V
CONTENTS OF TIlE SIXTH VOLUME. CHAPTER LXIII. CHARLES II. A. D. PAGl 1660 New
Minmistry,.................................. 2 Act of
Indemnity..................................... 3 Settlement of the
Revenue,............................ 4 Trial and Execution of the
Regicides................... 6 Death of the Duke of
Gloucester..........7........... 7 Dissolution of the Convention
Parliament,............. 8 The Army disbanded,...............................
9 WCise and moderate Counsels of Clarendon,.............. 9 Prelacy
restored...................................... 10 Insurrection of the
Millenarians......................... 11 Affairs of
Scotland,.................................. 12 1661. Resolution to restore
Prelacy
there,.................... 13 Condemnation and Execution of
Argyle,................. 14 Conference at the
Savoy...............................
16 Arguments for and against a Comprehension,............ 16 A new Parliament;
Predominance of the Royalists,...... 17
Bishops' Seats restored................................ 18 All Military Power
vested in the King,.................. 19 Corporation
Act..................................... 20 1C62. Act of
Uniformity.................................... 20 The King's
Marriage.......2......................... 2S Execution of three
Regicides,.................. 24 Trial of Lambert and
Vane..........................0. tz~
Page VI
Vt CONTENTS. D. AGsF Execution of Vane,................................ 26 The
Presbyterian Clergy ejected,................... 27
Dunkirk sold to the French,........................... 28 Declaration of
Indulgence,........................... 29 1663. Disagreeable to
Parliament............................ 31 Clarendon arraigned by the Earl of
Bristol,............. 33 Decline of his Influence,............ 33
The King's Neglect of the Cavaliers.................... 34 CHAPTER LXIV. 1664. A
new Session; Repeal of the Triennial
Act,............ 35 Rupture with Holland,............................... 36
Rivalship in Commerce................................ 36 The Court
and Parliament inclined to a Dutch Wtar...... 37 New York
taken,.................................... 38 De Ruyter attacks the English
on the Coast of Guinea, 38 A new Session; the Clergy taxed by
Parliament,........ 39 1665. Naval Victory of the
English,........................... 40 Rupture with
France,...............................42 Rupture with
Denmark,.............................43 A
new Session; the Five Mile Act,.................... 45 1666. Sea Fight of Four
Days.............................. 46 Victory of the
English................................ 48 Fire of
London.......................................50 Advances towards
Peace,..............................51 1667. Negotiations at
Breda,................................ 53 Disgrace at
Chatham,................................ 54 Peace at
Breda,............................ 55 Clarendon's
Fall,.................................... 56 His
Impeachment..................................... 57 His
Banishment,...................................... 59 668. State of
Frafice,...................................... 60 Character of Lewis
XIV.,....................... 60 French Invasion of the Low
Countries,................... 61 Haughty Conduct of
Lewis,.......................... 62 Negotiations; De Wit and Sir William
Temple,......... 63 Triple League,....................................... 65
Displeasure of the French. ing,.....................,. - m... 66
Page VII
CONTENTS. vli. D PAGX. Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle,.................. 66 Affairs
of Scotland,.................................. 67
Condemnation of Lord Lorne,.......................... 67 Act of Indemnity;
grievous Fines,...................... 68 Reestablishment of
Episcopacy,........................ 69 Insurrection
suppressed,............................. 71 Insurgents
executed,..................... 71
Affairs of Ireland,.................................... 72 Difficulty of
satisfying the various Claimants,............ 73 Unsuccessful Attempt
to sUrprise Dublin Castle,......... 73 Prohibition of the Importation of Irish
Cattle into England,............................................
74 CHAPTER LXV. 1668. The King dependent on the People for Supplies,......... 76
His uncertain Conduct and
Profuseness,............... 77 A Parliament; Severity against
Nonconformists,........ 77 Dissension between the two
Houses,.................... 78 16!09. Examination of the Public
Accounts,.................. 79 16iO. Supply granted; Sale of the
Royal Demesnes,.......... 80 Apt ani,- t Conventicles,........................
80 AtLc,1iqt to effect a Union with
Scotland,................ 81 Charles rejects the Proposal of divorcing his
Queen,..... 8; The Cabal; their
Characters,..........................82 Their
Counsels,......................................83 The King inclines to an
Alliance with
France,........... 85 De Wit apprised by Puffendorf of the French Intrigues,..
85 The Duchess of Orleans pays a Visit to the
King,........ 86 Her sudden Death..........................87 Sir William Temple
recalled from Holland,..............88 A Parliament;
Supply granted......................... 88 Death of Monk, Duke of
Albemarle,..................89 1671. Sarcasm of Sir John
Coventry, 90 Coventry Act, ~.....................................90 Blood's
Crimes; his Attack on Ormond,........ v 90 He attempts
to carry off the Crown from the Tower,. 91 Is pardoned by the
King,............................92 The Duke of York declares
himself a Catholic,..*....... 92
Page VIII
9Vii CONTENTS. The Ministers evade Negotiation with the Dutch,....... 93 1672.
The Exchequer
shut................................. 95 Declaration of
Indulgence,.......................... 95 Navigation Act
suspended,............................
96 Attack of the Smyrna Fleet,.......................... 97 War declared against
the l )utch by England,........... 98 WVar declared
against the Dutch by France,........... 98 VWeakness of the
States,............................. 99 Laudable Conduct of the Prince of
Orange,............ 100 De Wit's Party rely on the Navy,.................... 101
Battle of Solebay,................................... 102
Sandwhich killed..................................... 103 Progress of the
French; Lewis passes the Rhine,...... 104 The Prince of
Orange retires, and Lewis enters Utrecht, 105 Consternation of the
Dutch,................. 105 Resolution of Amsterdam: the
Province laid under Water,............................................. 106
Violent Counsels of Lewis,........................... 106 Charles's
Apprehensions frommthe French King's
Ambition............................................ 108 Rigorous Terms offered
by the Kings
reduce the Dutch to Despair........................................... 109 The
Prince of Orange declared Stadtholder,............. 10
Massacre of the De WVits,....................................... 111 Good
Conduct of the Prince................................ 111 He
rejects the Offers of the Combined Princes,........ 112 1673. A Parliament; the
King's Attempts at Conciliation,.... 113 The
Commons issue Writs for New Elections,........ 115 Declaration of Indulgence
recalled,.............. 116 Shaftesbury goes over
to the Country Party,.......... 117 Abjurqation of
Transubstantiation,.................. 117 Sea Fight on the Coast of
Holland,.............. 118 Another Sea Fight,.................................
119 Another Sea Fight at the Mouth of the Texel,........
12C The Contest severe, and the Issue doubtful,.......... 120 Successes of the
Hollanders by Land,............. 121 Congress
of Cologne,................................ 121 A Parliament; Duke of York's
Marriage,.............. 121 Abrupt Prorogation of
Parliament,................... 122 167& It again assembles, and arraigns the
Counsels of the Ca- 122 I,
al,............................................... 122
Page IX
CONTENTS. iX L~ ~~AGZ The King resolves to conclude a separate Peace wnth the
Dutch............................................
123 Peace with Holland,.............................. 123 CHAPTER LXVI. 1674
Incongruous and impracticable S.'hemes of the
Cabal, 125 Proofs of their Intention to establish Popery in England, 127 They
conspire with the King against the Liberties of
the People,........................................... 127 Remonstrances of Sir
William Temple,................ 129 Ardor of the Allies for
continuing the War,............ 130 Battle of
Seneffe.................................... 131 Successes of the French
Arms,.....................
132 Partial Changes in the English.Ministry,............. 132 1675. A
Parliament; Jealousy of the King's Measures,.. 133
Attempt by the Court Party to establish Passive Obedience,............ 133
Dispute between the two hIouses respecting Dr.
Shirley and Sir John Fag,................................. 135 Are prorogued by
the King,......................... 135 Reassemble, and
grant a Supply f6r building Ships,.... 135 Proclamation for suppressing
Political Conversation in
Coffee-Iouses................................36 It is
recalled,...................................... 137 Turenne opposes Montecuculi
on the
Upper Rhine,. 137 Is killed by a random Shot,.......................... 137
MIareschal Crequi defeated by the Germans,..........
138 The Garrison of Treves capitulates......... 138 The Swedes are driven from
Pomerania,.............. 139 France becomes
formidable as a Naval Power,.......... 139 1676 Congress of
Nimeguen.............................. 140 Bouchaine taken by the
French,...................... 140 16G77. Enfeebled State of Holland and
Spain,............... 141 Uncertain Conduct of
Charles,........................ 142 His plausible Speech to the
Parliament................. 149 Progress of the French
Arms,....................... 144 Parliament is alarmed, and addresses the
King,........ 145 Their Distrust of the King,.....................
148
Page X
AX CONTENTS. - 4P D % oAG., Division of the Commons into the Court and Country
Party........................................... 147 The Kin, loses the
Confidence of the People,.......... 148 Marriage of the Prince of
Orange with the Lady Mary,. 150 Plan of Peace with
France,.......................... 151 Ineffectual Negotiations with
Lewis,................... 152 1678 An Army raised for a WVar with
France,................ 154 A Treaty concluded with the States
General............ 155 Intrigues of the French Ministers with Lord Russel,
Algernon Sydney, and others,........................ 156
Peace concluded at Nimeguen,......................... 158 Affairs of Scotland;
unsuccessful Schemes of Comprehension and
Indulgence,........................... 160 A Parliament at Edinburgh; favorable
to the King's Views..........................................
162 A severe Law against Conventicles,................... 163 Lauderdale's
arbitrary Administration................. 165 Mitchel
attempts to assassinate Archbishop Sharpe,.... 165 Is
executed....................................... 167 Rigorous Proceedinga against
Conventicles,............ 167 The Military live at free Quarters on the
People,........ 168 Lauderdale's Conduct approved by
the King and the Convention of Estates,............................... 170
CHAPTER LXVII. 1678 The Popish
Plot.................................... 171 Oates's
Narrative,.................................. 173 His History and infamous
Character,................. 175 Coleman arrested; the Contents of his
Letters,........ 177 General Panic.................................
178 Murder of Godfrey,................................ 179 Uncertainty as to the
Perpetrators of this Act,.......... 180 Zeal of the
Parliament in investigating the Plot,........ 183 Qates protected and encouraged
by a Pension,.......... 183 Bedloe's
Narrative............................... 184 The King obliged to countenance the
general Delusion,.. 186 A new Test Act
passed,............................. 187 Charles protects the Queen when accused
by tke Informers,..............,...... 187
Page XI
CONTENTS I' 4, ~ rAQE Accusation of Danby,............................... 188
His Impeachment................................... 189
The Long Parliament dissolved,...................... 190 Trial of
Coleman,.................................... 191 Trial of
Ireland................................. 192 1679 Three Men condemned for the
Murder of Godfrey,...... 193 New Election; the
Zealous Party prevail,.............. 194 James, Duke of Monmouth, declared by
Charles to be
illegitimate........................................ 196 The Duke of York
withdraws to Brussels,.............. 196 Dissension between the
King and House of Commons about the Choice of a Speaker,.....................
196 Danby's Impeachment
revived......................... 197 Further Proceedings in Regard to the Popish
Plot,..... 198 A new Council appointed on the
Suggestion of Sir NVilliam Temple...................................... 200
Limitations on a Popish Successor.................... 202 Bill of
Exclusion passes the Lower House,............. 203 Attempt to exclude from the
IIouse of Commons all who possessed any
lucrative Office,...................... 204 The Habeas Corpus Bill
passed...................... 204 The Commons deny the Right of the
Bishops to vote on the Validity of Danby's Pardon,................... 205 The
House of Lords admit their Right,................ 206
The Parliament dissolved,........................... 207 Trial and Execution of
the five Jesuits,............... 207 Trial and Execution of
Langhorne,..................... 208 Wakeman
acquitted,............................ 208 Murder of Archbishop
Sharpe,........................
209 Battle of Bothwel Bridge....................... 211 CIHAPT-ER LXVIII. 1679
State of Parties,................................ 213
General Di iposition favorable to the King,............. 214 Alarm occasioned by
his Sickness at Windsor,.......... 215 The
Duke of York retires to Scotland,................. 216 The King prorogues the
Parliament,.................. 216 Meal-tub
Plot,..................................... 217
Page XII
Xii CONTENTS. & D. PAG6 1680. Origin of the Terms Petitioners and Abhorrers,
Whig and
Tory............................................. 218 The Duke of York presented
to the Grand Jury of Middlesex as a Popish
Recusant......................... 220 A Parliament; the King's conciliating
Speech,......... 220 The Commons proceed violently
against the Abhorrers,. 221 And in the Prosecution of the Popish
Plot,............ 223 An Exclusion Bill again brought
in,.................. 225 Arguments for and against the Exclusion...............
225 Exclusion Bill is passed by the
Commons,.............. 228 Is rejected by the HIouse of
Peers,.................... 228 Trial of Viscount
Stafford,............................
229 Doubt as to the King's Power of remitting Part of his
Sentence,....................................... 231 His
Execution,....................................... 232 Act passed for the Relief
of Protestant Dissenters,...... 233 Impeachment of three
of the Judges................... 233 Violent Proceedings of the
Commons,.................. 234 1681, Parliament
dissolved,................................. 235 Extraordinary Votes passed in a
tumultuous Manner,.... 235 A new Parliament
summoned to meet at Oxford........ 236 The King addresses them in an
authoritative Style,...... 237 The Commons proceed
with their usual Vidlence,....... 237 The Case of Fitzharris and
Everard,..................... 238 Dissolution of the
Parliament,....................... 240 Victory of the
Royalists,............................. 240 Fitzharris tried and
convicted......................... 241 The Spies and Informers offer their
Service to the Ministers,............................................
242 Trial and Conviction of College,................ 243 CHAPTER LXIX. 681.
State of Affairs in Ireland,..........................
245 The Duke of Ormond appointed Lord Lieutenant,.. 245 His Behavior and
Character.......................... 245 Lord
Ossory's keen Reply in Defence of his Father,.... 246 Shaftesbury committed to
Prison and indicted,.......... 248 He is
acquitted,'................................. 249
Page XIII
CONTENTS. Xin Scotch Parliament; the Covenant renounced, passive Obedience
assented to.............................. 250
The Earl of Argyle indicted and convicted of High
Treason,............................................. 251 Seditious Spirit of
the Zealots
in Scotland,............. 252 1682. The Duke of York's severe Administration
there,....... 253 State of the.Ministry in
England,...................... 255 Dispute about the Nomination of Sheriffs for
London,... 256 Pilkington sued by the Duke of
York for Defamation,.. 257 1683. A Writ of Quo Warranto issued against the City
of
London,............................................. 258 The Charter restored
under certain Regulations,........ 259 Great Power of the
Crown,................. 260 A Conspiracy entered into by Shaftesbury and
others,.... 261 Shaftesbury retires to Holland, and
dies,..... 262 Rye-house Plot,................................ 263 The
Conspiracy is discovered,......................... 264 Execution of
the Conspirators,...... 265 Trial of Lord Russel,..............................
265 He is condemned,........................... 268
Applications for a Pardon unsuccessful............. 269 His
Execution...................................... 270 Trial of Algernon
Sydney,..................... 270 He is executed,...................272 Howard
and others convicted and punished,........... 272
Remarkable Trial of Rosewel,..................... 274 Monmouth received at
Court, and afterwards banished,.. 275 1684. The
Lady Anne married to Prince George of Denmark,.. 277 Foreign Affairs; the
haughty Conduct of Lewis,........ 278 Charles
returns to his former Connections w th the French
Court,........................................... 279 Lewis's great Power and
Vanity,...................... 279 1685, King Charles's Sickness and
Death,.................. 281 His Character,...............................
281 VOL. VI. b
Page XIV
CONTENTS. CHAP T ER LXX. JAMES II. D. D PFaU. 1685. The King's first
Transactions,..................... 285 Openly
attends Mass,.............................. 286 Sends an Agent to make
Submissions to the Pope...... 286 The chief Offices
continued in the Hands of Protestants, 287 Is influenced by the Queen, the
Jesuits, and Mrs.
Sedley............................................. 287 A Parliament; the King's
imperious Speech,..... ~..... 288 Reasons for and against
a Revenue during Life,........ 289 Compliant Disposition of both
Houses,................. 292 Oates convicted of
Perjury,.......................... 292 Monmouth's Invasion; he lands in
Dorsetshire,......... 293 He enters
Taunton,................................ 294 Is defeated at
Sedgemoor,............................. 295 His
Execution,.................................... 296 Cruelty of Colonel
Kirke,....................... 297 Rigorous Violence of
Jefferies........................ 298 Execution of Mrs.
Gaunt............................ 298 Execution of Lady
Lisle,............................
299 Unjust Condemnation of Cornish,.................... 300 Affairs of Scotland;
servile Disposition of the
Parliament,................................... 300 Argyle's Invasion and
Defeat,........................ 301 His
Execution....................................... 302 A Parliament; the King
asserts his Power of dispensing with the Test
Act,............................... 302 Symptoms of Opposition displayed by both
Houses,.... 303 The King's imprudent
Precipitancy,.................. 304 Revocation of the, Edict of Nantz, and
Dispersion of the French Protestants,..........................
305 1686. James attempts to establish his Dispensing Power by a Judicial
Decision................................ 306 Displaces four
of the Judges,....................... 309 Four Catholic Lords brought into the
Privy Council,.... 310
Page XV
CONTENTS. nX a D PAGs State of Scotland; several Noblemen embrace the Court
Religion,.........................................
311 State of Ireland; the chief Power committed to the Earl of
Tyrconnel,.................................... 311 The precipitate
Measures of James blamed by judicious
Catholics,........................................ 312 Breach between the King
and the
Church,........... 313 The Court of High Commission reestablished,.......... 314
Sentence against the Bishop of
London,............... 315 A Declaration issued suspending the Penal Laws,......
315 1687 James pays Court to the
Dissenters,.................. 316 Grants full Permission to attend
Conventicles,.......... 317 Violent Proceedings against the
Protestants in Ireland,.. 318 Ambassador sent to Rome; is coldly
received,.......... 319 The Pope's Nuncio received, and
Catholic Bishops consecrated,.......................................... 319
Mandate to the University of Cambridge disobeyed,.... 321
Attempt upon Magdalen College,..................... 322 1688. Declaration of
Indulgence ordered to be read in Churches, 323
Six Bishops present a Petition to the King,............ 324 They are
imprisoned,................................ 325
Tried,............................................ 326
Acquitted,.......................................... 327 Joy of the Army;
Displeasure of the
King,...;........ 327 Birth of the Prince of Wales,........................ 328
CHAPTER LXXI. 1688 Conduct of the Prince of
Orange,..................... 330 Is solicited by the King to consent to the
Repeal of the Penal Statutes and of the
Test..................... 331 He forms a League against
France,................... 331 Refuses to concur with the King,..............
332
The Reasons assigned by Fagel for his Refusal,......... 333 Resolves to oppose
the King,........................ 334 Sends Dykvelt
to encourage the Protestants,........,. 334 Is applied to by the English,.336
Coalition of Parties,............................... 336 The
Prince's Preparations,..................... 337
Page XVI
Xlri CONTENTS. A D Aas Offers of Lewis to King James rejected,.............. 336
Disavowal of any secret Alliance fwth
France,......... 340 The King retracts his Measures,...................... 341
The Prince's Declaration,............................ 342
Arrives with his Fleet in Torbay,..................... 344 General Commotion,
and Desertion of the Army........ 344 Desertion of
Prince George and the Princess Anne,.... 345 The King's
Consternation,............................ 346 His Commissioners refused
a personal Conference by the Prince......................................... 348
The Disaffection extends to Scotland,.................. 348
The King's Flight,.................................. 349 He is seized at
Feversham, and returns to Whitehall,.... 351 His second
Escape,................................... 352 His
Character,...................................... 351 Convention
summoned,...........................
354 1689. Settlement of Scotland,....................... 355 The English
Convention meets,....................... 355 Views of the
Tory Party,................... - 356 Views of the Whig
Party,............................ 357 Free Conferences between the
Houses,................. 359 Vote passed that the King had abdicated the
Throne,.... 360 Settlement of the Crown on the Prince
and Princess of Orange,.......................... 362 Review of the History of
the last four Reigns,.......... 363
Revenue,............................................ 366 Military and Naval
Force,............................ 368
Commerce,.......................................... 369 Arts and
Sciences,................................. 372 Celebrated
Writers,................................. 376
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