Page 469  
INDEX. 46; the western counties, 233. Is sent with Prince Mauriee into the west, 
24.5. Hexham, battle of, between
Montacute, brother of the earl of Warwick, and the Lancastrians, ii. 451. 
Hieyle, Sergeant, his extraordinary assertion of the
legal prerogative in the house of commons, in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, iv. 
5oo. Hialas, Peter, sent ambassador from
Ferdinand. king of Arragon, to Henry VI1., to negotiate a marriage between 
Prince Arthur and the infanta Catharine, iii. 54.
Negotiates a truce between Henry and James iV. of Scotland, 54. Hickes, Dr., his 
account of a Saxon sodalitium, or
compact, i. 159. iligh conmmnission, or ecclesiastical commission, origin of 
that court, iv. 2 1. Its great power, and arbitrary
exertion of it, 2f02. Its powers extended by the queen, 203, 346. The commons 
remonstrate against this court, 418. One
established in Scotland, 445. A review of the offences cognizable by this court, 
496. Its authority moderated by James I.,
497. Is abolished in Scotland by the general assembly, v. 105. Is abolishedin 
England by parliament,. 170. Is revived by
King James II., vi. 314. igiahlanders and Irish, the same people, i. 475. Came 
originally from the irish, 475. Highways, the
first toll mentioned for repairing, ii. 274. The first general law for the 
repair of, by parish duty, iii. 448. Historians, monkish, a
character of, i. 21. History, ancient, causes -of its uncertainty pointed out, 
i. 1, 14. Hobbes, a character of his philosophy
and politics, v. 531. His death, 531. Hobby, Sir Philip, is employed by the 
protector Somerset to solicit an alliance with the
emperor Charles V., but fails, iii. 359. His account of his negotiation, 360. 
Holgate, archbishop of York, is imprisoned on
the accession of Queen Mary, iii. 392. Holland. See 1N atherlands, and United 
Provinces. Hollingshed, his account of the
manner of living among the common people just preceding his time, iii. 448. 
Curious remarks by him of the growth of luxury,
464. Hollis, forcibly detains the speaker of the house of commons in his chair, 
until a remonstrance is passed against tonnage
and poundage, v. 59. His sentence by the court of king's bench, 59. Is impeached 
by the king, 206. Proposes the declaring
the generals of the parliamentary army traitors, 367. Is made a lord by Charles 
II., vi. 2. When almbassador at Paris,
endeavors to make the French take part with the English against the Dutch, 42. 
Is sent ambassador to treat with the Dutch at
Breda,.53 Agrees to favor the intrigues of France, but refuses to accept a 
bribe, 157, n. Holloway, a merchant of Bristol, is
executed for the duke of Monmouth's conspiracy, vi. 272. HLolnles, Sir Robert, 
his expedition against the Dutz.'.
settlements, vi. 38. Burns a fleet of Dutch ships in harbor, 49. His attempt on 
the Dutch Smyrna fleet, 97. Holy Land See
Crusades. Hlomeldon, battle of, between the Piercies and the earl of Douglas, 
ii. 331. Homilies, twelve, published to be
read to the people,'ii. 323. Bishop Gardiner's objections to them, 328. The 
slavish prinzrples inculcated in them, iv. 359.
Honorius, Pope, his avaricious demands on the clergy, ii. 21. Hooper, bishop of 
Gloucester, is imprisoned on the accession
of Quee: JMary, iii. 392. Is cruelly burnt for heresy, 420. An account of his 
seru ples at consecration, and the compromise
he obtained, iv. 115. Flops, the planting of, much increased in the reign of 
James I., iv. 516. Flopton, Sir Ralph, reduces
Cornwall for Charles I., v. 243. Is defeated as Torrington, 314. VOL. vIL 40 

Page 470 
470'IND-X. Horncastle, battle of, between the earl of Manchester and the 
royalists, v 2-58. Horses, forbid to be exported
by Henry VII., iii. 73. Hospitality, causes and effects of the decay of, in 
England, iv. 374. Hotham, Sir John, is, by the house
of commons, made governor of Hull, v. 215. Refuses the king admittance into 
Hull, 222. Is detected in an intention of giving
up the place, and is, with his son, sent up to London and executed, 257. 
Hotspur. See Piercy. Howard, Sir Edward,
admiral, son of the earl of Surrey, destroys Barton, the Scots pirate, iii. 91. 
Ravages the coast of France, 95. Is killed in an
engagement in Conquet harbor, 95. His idea of naval courage, 95, Xn. ---—, Lord, 
commands the main body of the English
army at the battle of Flouden, iii. 101. Created earl of Surrey, 102. -- -, Lady 
Catharine, becomes the object of the
affections of Henry VIII., on his disgust against Anne of Cleves, iii. 263. Is 
married to Henry, 266. Is accused to the king of
incontinency, 272. Her confession, 272. Is attainted by parliament, 273. 
Beheaded with the viscountess of Rocheford, 274.
-, Lady Frances, is married to the earrl of Essex, iv. 428. Receives him, after 
his travels, with obstinate disgust, 429.
Contracts a familiarity with Carre, Viscount Rochester, 429. Procures the 
disgrace of Sir Thomas Overbury, 430. Is
divorced, and married to Carre, then earl of Somerset, 431. Procures Overbury to 
be poisoned, 431. Is found guilty of
Overbury's death, 437. Is pardoned, 437. Dies in obscurity, 437. - -, Lord, one 
of the cabal of six, his evidence against
Lord Russel, vi. 266. Gives evidence against Algernon Sidney; and against 
Hambden, 272. Hubert, archbishop of
Canterbury, and chief justiciary, punishes FitzOsbert, a licentious lawyer, i. 
393. Assists John in his claim to the succession,
on Richard's death, 395. Summons a synod by his legatine authority, 407. Dies, 
407. - -, a servant of Earl Bothwell, is
executed for the murder of Darnley, and charges Queen Mary with being accessory 
to it, iv. 109. de Burgh, chief justiciary,
is chosen joint protector of the realm with the bishop of WVinchester, on the 
death of the earl of Pembroke, ii. 8. Takes
Rockingham Castle, on the earl of Albemarle's rebellion, 9. Executes Constantine 
Fitz-Arnulf and his associates, for a
rebellious riot in London, 10. Obtains of the pope a bull, declaring Henry III. 
of age for government, 11. His character, 13.
His removal from the ministry, and subsequent vicissitudes, 14. Hudibras, the 
event on which that poem was founded, v.
520. Character of that performance, vi. 376. Hudson's Bay Company, its charter, 
when: first granted, vi. 370. Hugonots, or
French Protestants. See Conde; Coligny; Navarre, Anthony, king of; Guise; 
Medicis, Catharine de; Montmorency,
etc.Battle of Dreux, iv. 55. Battle of St. Denis, and siege of Chartres, 143. 
The court agrees to an accommodation, 143. A
scheme formed for seizing the prince of Cond6 and the admiral Coligny, 143. 
Battle of Jarnac, and death of Cond6, 143.
Battle of Moncontour, 144. Charles marries his sister to the prince of Navarre, 
157. The queen of Navarre poisoned, 157.
Massacre of Paris, 157. Are calumniated at foreign courts to palliate these 
barbarities, 158. Take armu again, 161. MJake
peace with Henry III., 162. The Catholic league formed against them by the duke 
of Guise, 163. War declared against them
again, 206. Assistance sent to the king of Navarre by Elizabeth, 271. The 
English ships sent against Rochelle desert, v. 8.
The Dutch assist the French in reducing that town 9. Rochelle reduced, 50. A 
toleration continued to them, 50. Are
persecuted and driven out of France, by the revocation of the edict of Nantz, 
vi. 306. 

Page 471 
Hull, a magazine formed there by the parliament, and Sir John Hotham appointed 
governor, v. 215. The king refused
admittance into, 222. Hume', Lord, procures the regency of Scotland to be 
conferred on the duke of Albany, iii. 110. Is
traduced to the regent, 111. Makes war against the regent, and is put to death, 
111. -—, Lord, joins a confederacy of
Scots nobles, to protect Prince James against the attempts of Bothwell, and to 
punish the murderers of Darnley, iv. 91.
Surrounds Mary and Bothwell in Borthwick Castle, who escape from him, 91. -—, 
Lord, signs a protestation against the
liturgy in Scotland, v. 100. Hunter, an apprentice, burnt for heresy, iii. 422. 
Husbandry, remarks on the regulations to
promote it, enacted by Henry VII., iii. 74. Huss, John, burnt for heresy by the 
council of Constance, ii. 371. Hyde, Sir
Edward, is made chancellor, and created earl of Clarendon, vi. 2. See Clarendon. 
Icon Basilike, of Charles I., an inquiry
into its authenticity, v. 384. A character of the work, 385. Ida, the Saxon 
prince, arrives in Britain, conquers
Northumberland, and founds the kingdom of Bernicia, i. 20. Images, when they 
began to be worshipped, i. 50.
Imprisonment, arbitrarily inflicted by'officers of state during the reign of 
Queen Elizabeth, iv. 348, 354. See Petition of Right.
Ina, king of Wessex, his wise and glorious reign, i. 42. Bequeaths his kingdom 
to Adelard, his queen's brother, 43. Incident,
in Scotland, an account of, and its effects, v. 177. Inclosures, observations on 
the law of Henry VII. against, iii. 74. An
insurrection in Northamptonshire, for the destruction of, iv. 411. Independents, 
rise and character of that party, v. 281. Is
the first Chris tian sect which admitted of toleration, 282. Adopt republican 
princi ples, 282. Form a party in parliament
against the Presbyterians, 283. Reduce the parliament under subjection to the 
army, 346. Affront the Scots commissioners
on their departure, 355. Obtain the entire command of the parliament, by the 
violent exclusion of the Presbyterian members
by the army, 368. Indies. See East, and West. Indulgence, the declaration of, 
published by King Charles II., vi. 29.
Repeated, 96. Recalled, 116. A general declaration of, published by James II., 
315. Is repeated, and ordered to be read in
churches, 323. Indulgences, from what motives the sale of them promoted by Pope 
Leo X., iii. 131. The produce from, how
applied by him, 131. Licentious conduct of the venders of them, 132. The sale 
of, preached against by Martin Luther. See
Luther, and Reformation. Not productive of a total dissolution of morality, 456. 
A large cargo of, taken on board two
Spanish ships, iv. 277. Industry, inquiry into the causes of the low state of, 
in the time of Henry VII., iii. 74. Infantry, Swiss,
their advantages over the heavy-armed cavalry in use at the time of Henry VIII., 
iii. 96. Innocent III., Pope, his character,
and state of the papacy at his promotion, i. 407. Levies a fortieth of 
ecclesiastical revenues for the relief of the Holy Land,
407. His conduct on the double election of Reginald, and John de Gray, to the 
see of Canterbury, 408. Sets both of them
aside, and appoints Cardinal Langton to be primate, 409. His mysterious present 
to John, to pacify him, 410. Lays the
kingdom under an interdict on account of John's opposition, 412. Excoinmunicates 
the emperor Otho, 415. Publishes a
crusade against the Albigenses, 415. Excommunicates John, 415. Absolves John's 
subjects from their allegiance to him,
416. Offers John's kingdom to Philip of France, 417. His private instructions to 
Pandolf, his legate to Philip, 418. Takes off 

Page 472 
4M72 TIMEx. his interdict, 422. Inclines to favor John:-against his barons, 
426.- Is applied to by John, complaining of hIs
being foirced to grant the (G3eat Charter by his barons, 434. Annul.s the 
charter by a bull, 4:34. innocent IVi., Pope, calls a
general council at Lyons, to exomnllinicate the emperor Frederic, ii. 22. his 
claiiis of ecclesiastical reveiiiues, 22. Od'ers the
kingdom of Sicily to Riechard, earl of Corinall, who refuses it, 23. Inoiosa, 
the Spanish ambassador, gives James I. a paper,
discoveuing the schemes of the duke of'Buckingham, iv. 489. Institution of a 
Christian Man, a treatise so called, wrote and
tublished by lieury VIII., iii. 275. Intelcursus Magnus, or great treaty of 
commerce, concluded between England and the
Flemiligs, in. )o.. Interest of money, when first regulated by law, iii. 318. 
Declared illegal by parliament, 375. The rates of,
how limited in England and France, in the time of Queen Elizabeth, iv. 363. The 
rates of, in the reign of James [., 5i7.
Investitures, dispute between Pope Gregory VII. and the emperor IHenry IV. 
concerning, i. 2(6. Between Pope Pascal Ii.
and Henry 1. o~ England, 252. Artifices of the popes to annex the privileges of. 
to the papacy, 409. Ireland, an expedition
against, undertaken by Henry II., i. 327. State of, at that time, 328. Its 
distinct sovereignties, 328. Granted to Henry II. by
Pope Adrian II., 329. See Dermnot, Stronghow, and Fitz-Stephens. Improper 
conduct of the English with regard to, 333.
Piers Gavaston made lord lieutenant of, by Edward II., ii. 146. Is grievously 
opp)ressed by the English, 154. Robert Bruce,
king of Scotland, makes an unsuccessful expedition to, 154. Annual expense of, 
to 1; nglaud, in the reign of Heniry V., 373.
Attached to the house of York, iii. 15. Rievolts under the pretensions of 
Lambert Simrnel, 15. Sir Edlward Poynings sent
over to reduce the malecontents in that kingdom, 46. His mienmorable statute, 
46. Ineffectual attempts upon, by Peikin
Warbec, 49. Erected into a kingdom by parliament, 462. Is invaded by the Spanish 
general San Josepho, iv. 179. The
cruelty of Loird Graya on reducing the invaders, 180. The imperfect dominion of 
England over, 3.)2. Cruel treatment of the
natives, 302. History of Shan Cineale, 3'4. Accounmt of the earl Thomond, 30.5. 
Tyrone rebels, 307. Defeat of the English
under Sir Henry Bagnal, 307. The earl of Essex sent o ver, 3')8. His ill 
success, 311. Treaty between Essex and Tyrone,
312. Essex suddenly goes over to England, 313. The truce broke by Tyrone, 315. 
T'rone driven into the morasses by
Mountjoy, 316. The Lnglish troops there paid with base money, 332. Is invaded by 
the Spaniards, 3;33. T'yrone and the
Spaniards reduced, 334. Tyrone surrenoiers to the deputy, 339. The civilization 
of, undertaken by James I., 421. An exo
plahation of the Brehon la,, 422. Gavelkind and tanistry, 422. These custorns 
abolished, and the English laws inltroduced,
423. Colonies planted in Ulster, on its- falling to the crown by attainders, 
423. The plan of civilization confirmed by Charles
I., v. 177. The English Protestants there adopt the Puritanical opinions and 
popular pretenlions of the English house of
commons, 178. The men raised by Straffoird to serve against the Scots reduced, 
179. Are withheld from entering the
Spanish service, 179. A conspiracy formed to expel the English, 180. Massacre of 
the English in Ulster, 182. The rebellion
and cruel treatment of the English extended through the other provinces, 185. 
The fugitives received in Dublin, 186. The
English of the pale join the Irish insurgents, 187. The rebels defeated in 
several encounters by Scots troops sent to suppress
them, 263. The distressed state of the klngdom by these devastations, 264. A 
cessation of arms concluded with the rebels
by the king's order, 266. Glamorgan's treaty with the council ~f Kilkenny, 318. 
A new rebellion excited by Rinuccini, the
pope's nuncio, 

Page 473 
:NDEX. 473 931. The nuncio is driven out of the island, 3332. The garrisons 
reduced for the kinll by Ormond, 393.
Cromwell is chosen lord lieutenant by the counail of state, 3d3. His rapid 
successes there, 397. Is rfduced by lr ton, 4244.
A view of the administration there, under the protectorats of Oliver Cromnwell, 
471. The native Irish confined to
Connaugtht, vi. 72. Court of claiums erected to restore confiscations and 
arrears to roy-alits, 73. An intended insurre-tion
suppressed by Orinond, 73.''he cattle of, prohibited from being imp)orted to 
England, 74. Succession of lords lieuten -mIt,
245. Ormoud sent over again, 245. Violent measure s of King James in favor of 
Popery, 312. Tyrconnel made lord
lieutenant, 312. The corporatiohn charters annulled, and new ones granted, 
subject to the king's will, 318. The offices of
government these failed with Catholics, 318. Lrelauld, Father, tried and 
executed with Grove and Pickering,for the Popish
plot, vi. 192. Ireton, son-in -law to Oliver Cromwell, is wounded and taken 
prisoner at the battle of Naseby, v. 310). His
character, 351. Proposes to Cromwell a meeting to consider of settling the 
nation, and bringing the kiing to a trial, 351. His
speech in parliament against further treaty with the king, 353. His cruelty on 
the taking of Colchester, 366. Is appointed one
of the judges to try the king, 371. Is left commander-in-chiet in Ireland by 
Cromwell, 410. H1is successes there, 424. Takes
Limeric, and dies of the plague, 424. His character, 424. Isabella, daughter of 
the count of Angoulemle, is taken by her
father from her husband, the count de la Marche, and married to King John. i. 
397. Her children by John, 439, 440. Marries
the count de la Marche on John's death, ii. 18. Her children by him sent to 
England to visit their brother, Henry III., 18.
Henry's bounty of riches and honors to them, 18. They are banished, 34. ----—, 
daughter of Philip, king of France,
contracted to Prince Edward of England, ii. 123. Is married to him when king, 
145. Her character and aversion to Piers
Gavaston, 145. Is insulted, and some of her retinue killed by Lord Badlesmere, 
158. Goes to Paris to mediate between her
husband and her brother Charles the Fair, 161. Her expedient to this end, 162. 
Becomes acquainted with Roger Mortimer,
162. Her intimacy with him, 162. Engages in a conspiracy against the king, 163. 
Afliances her son to the daughter of the
count of Holland and Hainault, 164. Lands with an army in Suffolk, 164. Is 
joined by the barons, 164. Her declaration, 164.
The city of London declares for her, 164. She calls a parliament, which deposes 
Edward, 166. Is confined, on the execution
of Mortimer, 185. d, daughter of Charles VI. of France, married to Richard II. 
of England, ii. 298. Returned to her father,
330., queen of Castile, and wife of Ferdinand, king of Arragon, dies, iii. 64. 
Her daughter Joan married to Philip, archduke
of Austria, 64. Italy, its defenceless state when invaded by Charles VIII. of 
France, iii. 47. View of Italian politics at that
period, 47. League formed -against France, 47. The state of, at the accession of 
Henry VIII., 82. The powers of,
confederate with the emperor Charles V. against Francis I., king of France, 143. 
The French driven out of, 146. The confu
derate states of, become jealous of the emperor, 147. They league with Francis 
against him, 157. Character of the writers
of, on the revival of learning, iv. 522. Jamaica, the island of, taken from the 
Spaniards by Pen and Venables, v. 462. lames I.
of England, an examination into his pretensions to the crown, iv. 378. His 
succession admitted by Elizabeth, on her
death-bed, 378. Forbids the resort of people to him on his journey to London, 
379. His profuse distribution of titles, 379.
His partiality, to his countrymen, 380. leceives embassies of congratulation, 
381. Concludes a treaty with 40) 

Page 474 
t474 INrDEX. France, for the support of the United Provinces, 382. A conspiracy 
against him detected, 383. Summons a
conference of divines at Hampton Court, on points of faith and religious 
discipline, 38.5. Why averse to the Puritans, 385.
His behavior at the conference, 387. His reply, when solicited in favor of 
prophesyings, 387. Summons a parliament, 388.
Orders that no outlaw shall be chosen, 390. Orders the commons to confer with 
the judges concerning the election of Sir
Francis Goodwin, an outlaw, 391. Compromises the affair with them, 392. His 
mistaken notions of government and regal
prerogative, 393. Calls in and annuls all patents for monopolies, 394. 
Public-spirited attempts of the commons, 395. Is
desirous of a union between the two kingdoms, 396, The commons backward in 
granting supplies to him, 396. Prorogues
the parliament, 397. Concludes a peace with Spain, 398. His eagerness for a 
cessation of hostilities, 398. Why ignorant of
foreign politics, 399. Is strict in executing the penal laws against Papists, 
400. History of the gunpowder conspiracy, 401.
Receives obscure hints of it, 403. His speech to parliament on this occasion, 
406. His religious sentiments explained, 407.
Remarks on his speech in favor of the projected union of the two kingdoms, 408. 
Assumes the style of king of Great Britain,
409. Checks the commons in an intended petition against Popish recusants, and 
for lenity towards the Puritans, 410. Lays
open his necessities to parliament, but is mortified with a refusal of suitable 
supplies, 413. Causes of the present poverty of
the crown, 413. How induced to arbitrary exertions of his prerogative, 415. A 
spirit discoverable among the commons for
reforming the constitution on free principles, 416. Owns proclamations not to be 
equal to laws, but pleads precedents and
utility for them, 417. Enters into a treaty for relinquishment of wardships and 
purveyance, 419. His pleasant conceit on the
occasion, 419, n. Procures Vorstius, an Arminian professor of divinity, to be 
banished from the United Provinces, 421. How
induced at length to alter his opinion of the absolute decrees of God, 503. 
Founds a college at Chelsea for the refutation of
Papists and Puritans, 503. His plan for the civilizing of Ireland, 421. Death 
and character of Henry, prince of Wales, 425.
Marries the princess Elizabeth to the elector palatine, 426. His rapid promotion 
of Robert Carre, a young Scots gentleman,
426. Undertakes his education, 427. Unites the families of Howard and Devereux 
by marriage, 428. Is prevailed on to
procure the divorce of Lady Essex, 430. Creates Carre earl of Somerset, 431. 
Raises money by the sale of titles, 432. Calls
a parliament, 432. Dissolves it in anger, and imprisons some of the members, 
434. Instance of his indiscretion in political
conversation, 434. Young George Villiers introduced to him, 43.5. Makes Villiers 
his cup-bearer, 436. Is informed of the
secret of Sir Thomas Overbury's death, 436. Orders a strict inquiry into the 
affair, 436. Pardons Somerset and his lady,
437. His conduct in this instance extenuated, 438. Creates Villiers duke of 
Buckingham, 438; and lord high admiral, 438.
Delivers up the cautionary towns to the Dutch for money, 439. His motives to 
this composition explained, 439. Proposes to
visit Scotland, 441. His former endeavors to establish episcopal authority in 
Scotland, 442. Proposes to the Scots
parliament a law for the government of the church, to be vested in him and the 
bishops, 446. Is forced to drop the act, 446.
Summons a meeting of Scots bishops and clergy at St. Andrews, 446. Is referred 
by them to a general assembly, 446.
Reluctance of the general assembly in admitting the ceremonies enjoined by him, 
446. Allows, by proclamation in England,
sports and exercises on the Sunday, 447. Releases Sir Walter Raleigh, and grants 
permission for his expedition to Guiana,
448. Executes Raleigh on his return, 452. Why he refused to acknowledge the 
elector palatine as king of Bohemia, 456. The
nation discontented at his inactivity in the elector's cause, 456. Obtains 
supplies from parliament, ~58. His reply to the
representation of grievances, 459. Fall of the 

Page 475 
INDEX. 475 chancellor Bacon, 460. Prorogues the parliament, 461. Recal.s his 
patents for monopolies, and redresses
grievances, 462. The commons remonstrate to him in favor of the elector 
palatine, and against the Spanish match, 462.
Reproves the house for this measure, 463. They repeat their remonstrance, 464. 
His behavior to the committee who present
it. 464. Tears the protestation of the commons out of their journals, 465. 
Dissolves the parliament, and punishes the leaders
of the opposition, 466. The remarks of both parties on these disputes between 
him and the parliament, 467. Negotiates with
the emperor in favor of the elector palatine, 470. Persuades him to submission, 
471. His want of spirit ridiculed abroad,
471. His efforts to conclude the Spanish match, 472. His consent obtained for 
Prince Charles's journey to Spain, which he
repents afterwards, 476. Is bullied by Buckingham into compliance, 477. 
Concessions in favor of the -Catholic religion
made by him in the marriage treaty, 479. Yields to Buckingham's opposition to 
the match, 482. Assents to Buckingham's
insincere representation of the affair to parliament, 484. Agrees to a war with 
Spain, 485. Endeavors to justify the earl of
Middlesex, impeached by the commons, 487. Begins to estrange himself from 
Buckingham, 488. Receives intimations of
Buckingham's schemes from the Spanish ambassador, 489. Sends forces to assist 
the Dutch against Spain, 490. Enters into
a treaty for the marriage of Charles with the princess Henrietta of France, 491. 
Undertakes the recovery of the Palatinate,
but to no purpose, 492. Dies, 493. His character, 493. Character of his queen, 
494. The number of peers created by him,
495. His moderation in causes tried before the court of high commission, 497. 
Two Arians burnt in this reign, 500. A review
of manners during this reign, 501. Discouraged the gentry living in town, 505. 
Instance of his liberality, 508. His attention to
the navy, 513. His aversion to tobacco, 520. His character as a writer, 526. His 
reason for expelling Toby Matthews from
the house of commons, 559. His notions of the regal power, from his book of the 
True Laws of Free Monarchies, 561.
Inquiry into his conduct in the case of Sir Walter Raleigh, 562. Remarks on his 
administration in general, 565. Is
acknowledged by parliament to have allowed more freedom of debate than any of 
his predecessors, 569. The general
notions of the English government at this time, 570. Testimony of the advantages 
derived from his peaceable disposition,
572. James II., his accession and first professions, vi. 285. Orders, by 
proclamation, a continuance of the customs and
excise, 286. Goes publicly to mass, 286. Sends an agent to the pope, 286. His 
reception of the exclusionists, 287. His
attachment to Mrs. Sedley, 288. Summons a parliament, 288. His speech to 
parliament, on the subject of his revenue, 288.
Receives a grant of his revenue during life, 291. Monmouth's rebellion 
suppressed, 295. His undisguised and peremptory
language to parliament, 302. Prorogues, and after dissolves it, 304. Remarks on 
his imprudence with respect to religion,
395. His resolute exertion of the dispensing power, 306. Endeavors to establish 
it by the case of Sir Edward Hales, 306.
Displaces four judges, 309. Brings four Popish lords into the privy council, 
310. His violent measures for the establishment c
f Popery in Ireland, 311. Revives the court of high commission, 314. Issues a 
declaration of general indulgence, and
suspends the penal laws against nonconformity, 315. Suspends all penal laws in 
ecclesiastical affairs, and grants a general
liberty of conscience, 316. Pays court to the dissenters, 316. Sends a solemn 
embassy to Rome, 319. Four Catholic
bishops consecrated, 319. Dissolves the parliament, 320. Recommends a 
Benedictine to a degree at Cambridge, 321. His
contest with Magdalen College, 322. Repeats his declaration of indulgence, and 
orders it to be read in churches, 323.
Commits six bishops, with the primate, to the Tower, for petitioning against the 
declaration of indulgence, 325. Orders
Gifford, doctor of the Sorbonne, to be elected 

Page 476 
476 INuDEX. president of Miagdalen College, 328. Birth of the prince of Wales, 
328 Applies to the prince of Orange tfor
his concurrence in his schemnes, 332 Stlows his displeasure against the Dutch, 
334. *Is informed by Lewis XIV. of the
)rinice of Orange's schermes, 3 8. Disavows Lewis's mieimorial to the states, in 
his favor, 34J. his army and navy become
disaffeeted and mlutinous, 340. Retracts his nseasiures, 341.'1 he prinice of 
Orallge lands at LTorbay, 344. His chief officers
and soldiery desert him, 344. Is deserted by Prince George of Denimiark, and the 
princess Aiiine 345. His consternatioil at
his misfortunes, 316. Issues writs for a new parliament, and sends 
coi1mmissioners to treat with the prince of Oran)ge, 347.
Sends away the queen and prince, and flies, 349. Is seized by the populace, and 
brought back to London, 351. Embarks
for France, 352. His character, 352. James, son of Robert, king of Scotland, 
afterwards James I., taken prisoner, and
educated by Henry IV. of England, ii. 337. His father dies, 337. Carried to 
France by Henry V., 367. Restored by the duke
ol Bedford, 378. Murdered, 378. - II of Scotland, general view of his conduct, 
ii. 448. How killed, 448. III. of Scotland, his
character, iii. 20. Enters into a seven years' truce with Heniry VII., 21. 
Mlurdered, 35. - IV. of Scotland succeeds, on the
murder of his father, iii. 3,5. Receives Perkin WVarbec, and marries him to a 
Scits lady, 49. Invades England in conjunction
with Perkin, 50. Makes a truce with Hetllry VII., and sends Perkin away, 55. 
Marries Margaret, eldest daughter of Henry
VII., 61. Sends a fleet to assist the French against Henry VIII., 91. Ravatges 
Northumberland, 100. Loses his time with
Laiiv Ford, 100. Defeated, and supposed to be killed at the battle of Flosiden, 
101. -- V. of Scotland, is withdrawn by his
mother, IMargaret, friomi the power of the duke of Albany, regent of Scotland, 
iii. 111. Flies from the power of the earl of
Angus, 199. Takes the government into his own hanlds, 200. Refuses to concur 
with his uncle Helry of England in shaking
off the yoke of Rome, 200. Assists Francis against the emnperor, 216. Is married 
to Francis's daughter Magdalen, 217.
Death of Queen Magdalen, 217. Is betrothed to the duchess dowager of 
Longuieville, whom Henry, notwithstanding, solicits
in marriage, 258. She is selit to Scotland, 259. Is persuaded by HEnry to join 
hIn in his religious inniiovations, 270. His
clergy dissuade him, 270. HI-enry publishes a manifesto against him, 279. Sir 
Robert Bowes defeated by thle lords hIume
and HEuntley, 280. Is disconcerted in his operations by. the disaffection of his 
nobility, 280. Removes Lord Maxwell, and
appoints Oliver Sinclair general of this army, 280. Battle of.Solway, 281. His 
death and character, 281. --—, Prince, son of
MIary, queen of Scotland, and her husband, Lord D)arnley, born, iv. 76. Is 
protectedi, by an association of nobility, from
the attempts of Bothwell to get him into his power, 90. His mother forced to 
resign the crown, 9,5. See the next article. -
---— VI. of Scotland proclaimed  and crowned, an infant, iv. 95. His party openly 
ebpoused by Queen Elizabeth, 156,
161.'The earl of Morton resigns the regency to hinl, 177. Count d'Aubigney is 
sent by tle duke of Guise to detach him from
the English interest, 178. Creates D'Aulhigney earl of Lenox, 178. Is seized, by 
an association of the no. bility, from out of
the hands of Lenox and Arran, 190. Summons a par liament and convention of 
estates, 191. Receives an embassy tromn
Elizabeth, 191. Is induced to dissemble his resentment at his detention, 192. 
Makes his escape, and sunimons his friends to
attend him, 195. Wa-io singhalm sent by Elizabeth to discover his true 
character, 196. Summons a parliament, 196. Writes a
copy of verses in praise of Sir Philip Sidney, 212. Escapes from the artifices 
of the English ambaassador, Dr Wotton, 214.
Concludes a league with Elizabeth for their mutual defence, 214. Licentiousness 
of his clergy, 214. Remonstrates to Quaen 

Page 477 
INDEX. 4'17 Elizabeth against the condemnation of his mother, 233. His behavio 
on her execution, 247. Prepares to assist
Elizabeth against the Spanish invasion, 2,57. Marries a daughter of Denmark, 
270. Goes over to Norway to fetch his bride,
270. Philip of Spain excites conspiracies against him, 284. Drives the Catholic 
lords, who combined against him, out of the
kingdom, 285. Negotiates to insure his succession to England, 321 Sends anii 
embassy to Elizabeth on the suppression of
Essex's insurrection, 330. Is acknowledged as heir to the English crown by 
Elizabeth, 341. See James I. of England. Jane
Gray, Lady. See Gray. Jaqueliue, countess of Hainault. See Hainault. Jarnac, 
battle of, between the duke of Anjou and
prince of Cond6, iv. 143. Jefferies, Lord Chief Justice, procures the conviction 
of Algernon Sidney, vi. 271. His crue'ty
towards those who had engaged in Monmouth's rebellion, 298. I. rewarded with the 
chancellorship and a peerage, 300. Is
appointed one of the comnnissioners on the revival of the court of high 
comnniission, 314, n. Declines in favor by his
adherence to the Protestant faith, 321. Is killed by the mob, 350. Jephson, 
Colonel, makes a motion in parliament for giving
Cromwell the title of king, v. 472. Jergeau, the earl of Suffolk besieged and 
taken prisoner there, ii. 394. Jeromle of Prague
bitrnt for heresy by the council of Constance, ii. 371. Jerusalem conquered by 
the Mahomnetan Arabs, i. 226. Mastered by
the Turks, 226. Their depredations on the Christian pilgrims to, the first rise 
of crusades, 227. See Crusades. Taken by the
crusaders, 240. Godfrey of Bouillon made king of, 241. Jesutits, the motives of 
the establishment of that order, iv. 182.
Character of. 153. Campion and Parsons sent into England, 183. Campion executed, 
183. Five executed for the Popish
plot, vi. 207. Jews, a character of that people, i. 366. How they came to 
practise usury, 366. Forbidden by an edict to
appear at the coronation of Richard., 366. A Inassacre of, 366. The great 
oppressions exercised against them under the
Anglo-Norman kings, 469. A massacre and plunder of, encouraged by F'ltz-Richard, 
mayor of London, ii. 44. Extortions
practised upon theon during the reign of Henry III., 65. The pretences made use 
of to oppress them, 65. Are accused of
adulterating the coin, and cruelly used by Edward I., 73. Banished by him, and 
robbed and persecuted at the cinque-port
towns, 74. Joan d'Are, commonly called the Maid of Orleans, her history previous 
to her public actions, ii. 388. Becomes
inspired with a desire to assist Charles VII., oppressed by the English, 389. 
Applies to the governor of Vatcouleurs, who
sends her to the king, 389. Offert to raise the siege of Orleans, 39). Examined 
by the theologians and parliament, 391).
Intrusted with the command of a convoy to supply Orleans, 391. Enters Orleans 
with safety, 392. Another convoy enters
unmolested, 392. Drives the English from one of their posts, 392. Masters two 
others, 393. Wounded, 393. The besiegers
retire, 394. Takes Jergeau, whither the earl of Suffolk ha I retired, by 
assault, 394. The probable share she had in these
enterprises, 39,5. Attends the coronation of Charles at ftheimns, 396. General 
terror which the reports of her raised, 396.
Inc-lines to return hoinm-, but is detrained by Dunois, 398. Goes to the 
assistnilc e of CompeirnO, and is taken prisoner,
398. Review of hel conde-t, 39. Tried ior sorcery, 3.9P.Interrogatories )put to 
her. 4 0. Coldenrited, 4'):. Rtecants her
pretensions to, inspiration, 400. Burnt, 401 J3,hl, toou th (ot of Kinlg Ienry 
Il., his father's kind intentions in his faivor i. 336
Sent to irecuce reland without etI'et, 350. ilis father grief on finding hirn a 
party in his brother fRichard's revolt, 357'. The
bounty of his brother Richard I. to him, 365. Marries Avisa, daughter of the 
earl of Gloucester, 365. Sumnmons a council at
Reading, in his brother Richard's absence, to oppose the tyranny of Longehamp, 
bishop 

Page 478 
47'INDEX. of Ely, guardian of the realm, 377. Is seduced from his allegiance by 
the ofiers of Philip of France, 377. Abets
Philip's invasion of Normandy, 383. Claims the kingdom of England, as heir to 
his brother, whom he reported to be dead,
383. Returns to France, and openly acknowl edges his alliance with Philip, 384. 
All his possessions in England forfeited on
account of this treason, 387. The laconic letter sent him by Philip on Richard's 
release, 387. His treacherous conduct to
Philip previous to his submitting to his brother, 388. Retrospect of his 
measures to secure the succession, while his brother
was absent in Palestine, 394. His accession to the crown on Richard's. death, 
395. Concludes a peace with Philip, 396.
Procures a divorce from his wife, and espouses Isabella, daughter of the count 
of Augouleme, who had been married to the
count de la Marche, 397., His nobles refuse to attend him to quell the 
commotions in France, without a confirmation of their
privileges, 397. But are intimidated by him, 397. Incenses the Norman barons 
against him, 398. Violates his engagements to
Philip, 398. Takes young Arthur, duke of Brittany, prisoner, with the count de 
la Marche, and other Norman barons, 399.
His conference with Arthur, 400. Kills him, 401. Generally detested for this 
cruel act, 401. Is summoned before Philip to
answer for this murder, and, on non-appearance, sentenced to forfeit all his 
royalties in France, 401. Besieges Alen<;on, but
obliged to abandon it by the address of Philip, 4C2. Resigns himself to a stupid 
inactivity, 402. Flies over to England on the
taking of Chateau Gaillard, 404. The possession of Normandy recovered by the 
French, 405. Oppresses his barons for
deserting him in Normandy, 405. Makes ineffectual preparations for recovering 
Normandy, 406. Makes a disgraceful
expedition to Rochelle, 406. Remarks on the tenden(y of his behavior, 406. His 
conduct on the clandestine election of
Reginald to the see of Canterbury, 408. Procures John de Gray, bishop of 
Norwich, to be elected, 408. Appeals to the
pope on the occasion, 408. His rage on the pope's setting aside both 
competitors, and appointing Cardinal Langton to the
primacy, 410. Expels the monks of Christ Church, 411. Is threatened with an 
interdict, 411. His opposition and incapacity
to support it, 411. The kingdom interdicted, and the immediate consequences of 
it, 412. His retaliation, 412. His cruel
treatment of William de Braouse's wife and son, 414. Is excommunicated, 415. His 
treatment of Geoffiey, archdeacon of
Norwich, 415. His bishops withdraw themselves out of the kingdom, 416. Is 
deserted by his nobility, 416. Proposes a
conference with Langton, but his terms rejected by him, 4i6. His subjects 
absolved from their allegiance to him, 416. His
kingdom offered by the pope to Philip of France, who prepares an armament to 
take possession of it, 417. Assembles his
vassals at Dover, to oppose him, 417. Is prevailed on by the legate, Pandolf, to 
submit to the pope, 418. Resigns his
kingdom to the pope, 418. His men,-. homage to Pandolf, 419. His cruel 
resentment to Peter of Pomfret, 419. Proposes an
invasion of France, but is deserted by his barons, 421. His abject submissions 
to Langton, and the prelates who returned
with him, 422. The exorbitant claims of restitution by his clergy, 422. The 
interdict taken off, 422. Makes a fruitless
expedition to France, 423. His barons confederate for a renewal of their charter 
of liberties, 424. Their formal demand
thereof, 425. Yields the right of investitures to his clergy to attach them to 
him, 425. Appeals to the pope against his barons,
426. Refuses to grant their demands, 428.., They commence hostilities against 
him, 428. He signs the Great Charter of
English liberties, 429. Makes further concessions to them, 432. Twenty-five 
barons appointed conservators of this charter,
433. Takes secret nceasures to oppose his barons, and applies to the pope, 434. 
Receives forces from abroad, with the
pope's bull against the Great Charter, 434, 435. Besieges and takes the Castle 
of Rochester, 43.5. His cruel treatment of
the garrison, and devastation in the open country, 435, 436. The 

Page 479 
INDEX. 479 barons offer the kingdom to Lewis, son of Philip of France, 436. Is 
deserted by many of the barons on the
arrival of Lewis, 437. Dies, 438 His character, 438. His children, 439. Granted 
the first charter to the city of London, 440.
Hiis cruel extortion of money from a rich Jew, ii. 66. John, king of France, son 
of Philip de Valois, puts the constable D'Eu
to death, ii. 238. Seizes Charles, king of Navarre, and imprisons him, 239 Is 
defeated, and taken prisoner at Poictiers, by
Prince Edward, 244. Is nobly treated by Edward, 245. Is carried to London, 246. 
Concludes a dishonorable treaty with
Edward, which is disclaimed by the dauphin, 250. Recovers his liberty by the 
treaty of Bretigny, 253. Ratifies this treaty at
Calais, 253. Returns to England, and dies, 254. —, Don, of Austria, is appointed 
governor of the Low Countries, on the
death of Requestms, iv. 168. Is forced to agree to the treaty called the 
Pacification of Ghent, 168. Breaks this treaty, and
seizes Namur, 169 Projects a marriage with Mary, queen of Scots, 169. Gains an 
advantage over the Flemings at
Gemblours, 170. Is poisoned, as supposed, by Philip, 170. I- II., duke of 
Brittany, marries his brother's daughter, as his
heiress, to Charles de Blois, ii. 212. -- of Gaunt. See Lancaster. Jones, 
Colonel, contributes to the defeat of Charles I., at
Chester, v. 314. -—, Inigo, is prosecuted by the parliament for assisting in 
rebuilding the cathedral of St. Paul, v. 527.
Jonson compared with Shakspeare as a dramatic writer, iv. 523. Joseph, Michael, 
instigates an insurrection in Cornwall
against Henry VII., iii. 51. Defeated and executed, 53. Journals of the house of 
commons, when they first began to be
regularly kept, iv. 411. Joyce, Cornet, seizes Kfing Charles I. at Holdenby, and 
carries him to the army, v. 335. Judges,
itinerant, why first appointed, i. 459. Their answer to the question propounded 
to them by Henry VIII. respecting attainders,
iii. 256. Patents given them, during good behavior, by Charles I., v. 171. Four 
displaced by James II., preparatory to trying
the case of Sir Edward Hales, vi. 309. Judgment of God, in the Anglo-Saxon law, 
what, i. 172. Julius II., Pope, his
character, iii. 83. Joins in a league with the emperor and the kings of France 
and Spain, against the Venetians, 83. Declares
war against the duke of Ferrara, 84. Interdicts the council of Pisa, 85. The 
Swiss in his interest drive the French out of
Milan, and reinstate Maximilian Sforsa, 90. Dies, and is succeeded by Leo X., 
9'. III., Pope, his joy at the return of England
to its obedience to the church of Rome, iii. 411. His commission to Cardinal 
Pole with respect to church lands, 464. ----—
Agricola. See Agricola. Caesar. See Caesar. Juries, origin of the appointment 
of, for judicial decisions, i. 72. Jurisprudence,
revival of the Roman, and its advantages over those modes which preceded its 
revival, ii. 509. Why it did not become the
municipal law of England, 509. Jurors, anciently punished by fine and 
imprisonment for finding a verdict contrary to. the
direction of the judges, iv. 350. Jury, a list of the Puritanical names of, in 
the time of the commonweal"th v. 443, n. Justice of
peace, the first institution of that office, ii. 137. Justiciary, chief, that 
office when abolished, ii. 138. Justinian's Pandects, the
accidental finding of, how far advantageous t the revival of civil policy, ii. 
509. Jutes, where they settled in Britain, i. 17, m. 

Page 480 
480 INDEx. Juxon is made bishop of London and high treasurer, v. 78. Resigns, 
15C Attends Charles I. at his execution,
376. Kendred, king of Mercia, resigns his crown, and ends his days in penance at 
home, i. 37. Kenric, the Saxon, defeats
the Britons, fighting against his father, Cerdic, i. i18. Kent, history of the 
Saxon kingdom of, i. 22. —, earl of, brother to
Edward II., engages with Queen Isabella in s conapiracy against his brother, ii. 
163. Pursues Edward to Bristol, 165. Is
insnared by the arts of Mlortinler, condemned, and executed, 183. —, maid of. 
See Barton, Elizabeth. Ket, a tanner, excites
and heads an insurrection in Norfolk against enclosures, iii. 358. Is defeated 
by Dudley, earl of Warwick, and executed,
3,58. Kildare, earl of, made deputy of Ireland, under the duke of Richmond, iii. 
199. Is called over to answer for his
conduct, and dies in prison, 199. His son, with five uncles, executed for 
joining the Irish rebels, 199. Kilkenny, council of, a
cessation of arms concluded with, by the earl of Oromond, v. 266. Glamorgan's 
treaty with, 318. Concludes a peace with
Ormond, and engages to assist the king, 390. Kilsyth, battle of, between the 
earl of Montrose and the Covenanters, v. 315.
Kinubolton, Lord, takes part with the commons in their disputes with Charles I., 
v. 202. Is impeached by the king, 206.
King of England, a sunmmary view of his power as a feudal prince, i. 446. 
NIaturally favored by the common people, 449.
Heard causes often personally in his court, 458. All who act under the authority 
of him, for the time being, indemnified fiom
future attainder by statute, iii. 46. Observations on this law, 46. Extent of 
his power at the time of Henry VII., 68. Kirkaldy
of Grange, commander of the Castle of Edinburgh, declares for Queen Mary, iv. 
155. Is reduced by the English, and
executed by his countrymen, 156. Kirke, Colonel, his savage cruelty after the 
battle of Sedgemoor, vi. 297. Kirkpatrick, the
crest and motto of that family, whence derived, ii. 135. rKnevet, Sir Thomas, 
engages the French admiral, Primauget, off the
coast of Brittany; and the two admirals blown up, iii. 89. Knights, formerly 
distinguished in battle only by the ensigns on their
shields, i. 393. Knights' fees, the number of those established by William the 
Conqueror, i. 452. How the number
decreased, 455. -- of shires, to assist in parliament, when they first began to 
be appointed, ii. 33. See Commons. Knolles,
Sir Robert, invades France from Calais, but is defeated by Du Guesclin, ii. 263. 
Knox, John, the Scots reformer, remarks
on his account of the murder of Cardinal Beaton, iii. 333, n. Arrives in 
Scotland from Geneva, iv. 20. Inspires the people
with zeal against Popery, 20. Riot thereupon, 20. Becomes chief director of the 
Congregation of the Lord, 23. Instigates the
people aiiml preachers to insult Queen Mary on her arrival, for her adherence to 
the Catholic religion, 37. His insolent
speeches to Mary on her kind overtures to him, 38. Defends the outrages 
committed in the queen's chapel, 41. Insults Lord
Darnley, on his marriage'with Mlary, 68. Labor, the price of, attempted in vain 
to be reduced by parliament, in the reign of
Edward III., ii. 275. And commodities, remarks on the corn parative prices of, 
at the time of Henry VII., and now, iii. 73.
Laci, Roger de, constable of Chester, his gallant defence of Chateau Gaillard 
for John, against Philip of France, i. 403. His
generous treatment by Philip when the place was taken, 404. Lambert, a 
schoolmaster, controverts the real presence, ii.
250. Is 

Page 481 
U~D)L 48 cused, and appedls to Henry YIII., 251. Henry enters into a formal 
disputation with him, 251. Is silenced, and
sentenced as a heretico 252. Is burnt with great cruelty, 2;2. Lambert is 
disapzpointed of the licutenancy of Ireland by the
intrigules of Oliver Cromwell, v. 393. F1oll)vow Charles I:. out of Scotland 
into Enigland, 416. Cromwell appointed
protector by his means, 444. VOpposes the motion for giving Cromwell the title 
of kilng, 473. Is deprived of his culllo iss
ons, aild retires with a pension, 478. Engagres in the cabal of:Wallilngford 
House, 492. SiOppresses an insurrection of
royalists, and takes Sir George Booth prisoner, 497. Forinms a association 
alinongr the officers against the parliainent, 497.
Is cashiered, 498. Expels the parliament, 498. Esta;blishes the committee of 
safety, 498. Mrliches northwaard to meet
Monlk,.535. Is committed to the'lTower, 596. Escapes, 515. Is retaken by 
Ilgolfdsby, 515. Is excepted from the act of
indemnlity onr the restoration, vi. 4. Is tried, 24. Is reprieved, ancd confined 
in Guernsey, 27. Lambeth, a council
summnlloned there by Anselm, archbishop of Canterbury, to inqltire into the 
lawfulness of Matilda's mn-arrying Henry I., i.
246. Lancaster, Edmond, earl of, sent by Edward; I. to accomimodaite diferences 
Iwith Philip, king of France, ii. 93. Makes
ani unsuccessful atteclk upon Guienne, 109. Dies, 109. Thomas, earl of, his 
character, opulence, and power, ii. 145. Heads
a confederacy of barons against Piers Gavaston, 146. Comles to parliament with 
anl armed retinue, and demands the
banlishiment of -Gavaston. 146. Is made hereditarv steward, 140. Forms another 
confederacy against Gavaston, 149.
IRaises an army against the kingl, 149. Puts Gavaston to death, 150. Insists on 
a renewal of the ordiilances after' the defeat
of Bannockburn, 150. Combines with the barons to ruin the Despensers, 156. 
Opposes the king with an army, 159. Is
defeated by Sir Andrew Harcla, and executed, 160. His character, 16). A curious 
view of his annual expenses, I76., earl of,
brother and heir to Thomas, earl of, joins the conspiracy of Isabella and 
Mortimer against Edward II., ii. 163. Edward
delivered into his custody, and confined to Kenilworth Castle, 165. Is suspected 
of favoring the king, who is therefore taken
out of his hands, 167. Is appointed guardian to the young king, 178. -~- --, 
Henry, earl of, is engaged in fruitless
negotiations for peace between Edward III. and Jolin, king of France, at 
Avignon, ii. 238. Is sent with an army into
Normandy, 241. Is created duke of Lancaster, 251. Ende'avors an accommodation. 
between Edward and John of France,
his prisoner, 25l1. John of Gaunt, duke of, son tolEdward III., accompanies his 
brother in his expeditionr to Castile, ii. 2.58.
Marries the dauighter of Henry, duke of, 259. Espouses, for his seoand wife, the 
dau'ghter of Peter, king of Castile, 260.
His army in France harassed and destroyed, 263. The administration of government 
committed to hint by his father, 264. His
great authority during the minority of Richard II., 281. Consequence of his 
pretensions to the crown of Castile, 281 His
unsuccessful attempts in Brittany, 282. His palace at the Savoy burnt by the 
rabble, 285. Disappointed in hopes of obtaining
Castile, 288. Returns home, 297. Obtains a grant of the duichy of Guicnne, 297. 
Relinquishes it, 297. Dies, 307. Succeeded
by his son, the duke of Hereford, 337. See Hereford. -, Henry, duke of, his 
character, ii. 307. Comes over on the
embsartion of Richard II. for Ireland, 308. Increase of his army, 308. Seizes 
Bristol, and executes some of Richard's
ministers without trial, 8309. Obtains possession of the king's person, and 
assembles a parliament in his naine, 3:9. Procures
his deposition, 3i4. His challenge of the crown, 314. Reflections on his 
ostensible pretensions, 314. Calls a parliament by his
own authority, 315. See HIenry IV, voL. vI. 41 H 

Page 482 
482 INDEX Lancaster, James, his successful captures from the Spaniards, and 
expedi tion to Brazil, iv. 228. Comn.ands
the first fleet fitted out by the East India Company, 365. Land. See Feudal 
system. Lanldais, Peter, a corrupt minister of the
duke of Brittany, bribed by Edwvard IV. to persuade his master to deliver up 
Henry, earl of Richlnond, ii. i))0. Enters into a
negotiation with Richard III. to betray Richmond, 504. Put to death by the 
nobles of Brittany, iii. 22. Lan.diecy, besieged by
the emperor Charles V., iii. 288. Charles forced to a'b; -ndionl it by the 
succors of Francis, 288 LT afianc, a Milanese
monk, made archbishop of Canterbury, i. 198. IIis charl.acter, 198. Crowns 
WVilliam Rufus, 223). Dies, 223. Luig horile,
his trial for the Popish plot, vi. 2J8. ujlagside, battle of, between Mllary, 
queen of Scots, and Murray, the re-.gelt, iv. 98.
Langtoln, Cardinal, appointed archbishop of Canterbury by Pope Inniocent lII., 
in opposition to Re'ginald and John de
Gray, i. 409. Rejects King John's proposal towards an accommodation, 416. 
Returns to England, and receives the king's
submissions, 421, 422. His character, 424. Stimulates the barons to an assertion 
of their liberties against the oppressions of
John, 424. Refuses to publish the pope's bull of excommunication against the 
barons, 435. Is cited to Rome, and suspended,
435. I anlsdown, battle of, between the royalists and parliamentarians, v. 245. 
1 Aselles accuses Queen Catharine Howard
of incontinency to Archbishop Cranmer, iii. 271. Confirms his charge to the lord 
privy seal, 272. la.timtr, Bishop, resigns his
bishopric on the pas4ing the law of six articles, and is imprisoned, iii. 254. 
Is again imprisoned on the accession of Queen
Mary, 392. Is sent under a guard to Oxford, to debate on. transt.bstantiation, 
400. Is burnt for heresy, with Bishop Ridley,
422. I oud, bhisxop of London, his character, v. 66. Introduces new ceremonies 
into the church, 67. Is offered a cardinal's
hat, 67. Becomes odious to the Puritanas, 68. His behavior in the consecration 
of St. Catharine's church, 63:. Introduces
pictures into churches, 70. Exalts the regal authority, 7.1. Is made archbishop 
of Canterbury, 78. His ungrateful prosecution
of %Williams, bishop of Lincoln, 85. Is attacked by the populace in La-mbeth 
Palace, which he is obliged to fortify, 120. Is
im)eached by the house of commons, 131. Is committed to custody, 132 Is tried, 
296. Ar, d executed, 297. Retrospect of
his conduct and character, 297, 646. Ltuderdale, duike of, dissuades Charles II. 
from rigorous measures towards Scotland,
vi. 12. Adrises the king to admit presbytery there, 14. Obstructs the union of 
the two kingdoms, intended by the king, 81. Is
one of the cabal ministry, 82. His character, 83. His being employed voted a 
grievance by the house of commons, 122. Is
sent down as commissioner to the Sot3a parliament, 162. Becomes chief minister 
for Scotlanld, 163. His-viclent and
arbitrary administration, 164. His private conduct, 165. Brings down highland 
clans to ravage the country at frec quarter,
168. His death, 277, n. Laurentius, successor to Augustine, how he brought back 
Eadbald to the Christian religion, i. 30.
Lautrec, Marshal, the French general in Italy, defcated by the imperialists at 
Bicocca, iii. 137. Raises the'siege of Bayonne,
attacked by the enperor Charles V., 145.. Law, the first written code of, in 
England, i. 29. -, the study of, anciently coufined
to -:.e clergy, i. 459. -, civil, the early reception and study of, in our 
universities, ii. 509. Motives for its reception, 509. Why
it did not obtain to be the muanici pal law of England, 509. the common, first 
rise f,. 1 1&. 

Page 483 
INDEX. 483 Law, criminal, among the Anglo-Saxons, a view of, i. 166., feudal, 
the original of, traced, i. 441. Its
introduction to England, 446. The feudal government in England delineated, 446. 
-Laws and proclamations, difference off,
explained, iv. 417. League, Catholic, formned in France by the duke of Guise 
against!he Ilugonots, iv. 163. Is revived, 2;)6.
Is headed by the duke of M'cayeiime on the death of Guise, 273. Declines on the 
conversion of Henry IV., 286. _ —- and
covenant, soleimn, is firamed at Edinburgh, at the persuasion of Sir Henry Vane, 
v. 261. Is received by the English
parliament, 262. Is renoutr ed by the Scots parliament, vi. 15. Is burnt in 
England by the hatgman, 18. Learning, the decline
of, from the Augustan age to the ages of barbarism traced, ii. 50)8. When the 
lowest point of depression may be dcted,
508. Gradual recovery of, 509. Circumstances which tended to the revival and 
advanceulelt of, in the fifteenth century, iii.
76. The state of, in Queen Elizabeth's reign, iv. 375. Remarks on the state of, 
in Greece, 6521. Account of the revival of, in
Europe, 522. In England, 522. Itegates a latere, their power and office 
described, i. 480. LEgatine court, erected by
Cardinal Wolsey, iii. 118. Its oppressions checked, 119. Legitimacy of' birth, 
disputes between the civil and ecclesiastical
courts concerning, in the reign of Henry III., ii. 62. Memorable reply of the 
barons to the prelates on'this occasion, 63.
Leicester is stormned by Charles I., and taken, v. 309. Is retaken by Fairfax 
after the battle of Naseby, 312. -, earl of, h s
insolent behavior fi;ustrates the conference' betveen Henry 11.- of-England and 
Lewis'VII. of France, i. 341. Invades
Suftilk, 342. Taken prisoner by Richard de Lucy, guardian of the kingdorl, 
342.,Robert, earl of,- takes the command of
Rouen on his retui'n from the crusade, and repulses the attack of Philip of 
F'rance on that city, i. 383. -- -, Simon de
Mountfort, earl of, his history, ii. 29. Marries the sister of Henry III., widow 
of WVilliam, earl of Pembroke, 30. His
disputes with the king, 30. Joins with the barons against him, 31. Enters into a 
confederacy with them, 31. Is pla~ced at the
head of the council of twenty-four, chosen by the parliament at Oxford, to 
regulate the government, 32. Their regulations,
33. He procures the banishlment of the king's half-brothers, 34. Protests 
against Henry's cession of Normandy to Le'wis
IX., 38. Henry refers the differences between them to Margaret, queen of France, 
41. Confederates with other barons
against Henry, 42. He leagues with Lewellyn, prince of Wales, who invades the 
borders, 43. Imprisons the bishops who
published the pope's absolution, 43. Levies war on the king, 43. Takes Prince 
Edward prisoner, 45. Restores him on treaty
with the king, 45. His son sent to the assembly of the states of F'rance at 
Amiens, on the appeal m~ade to Lewis, 46.
Rtejects the ai'bitration of Lewis, and renews the war, 46. His message to the 
king, how answered, 48. Defi;ats Henry at
Lewes. and takes him prisoner, 49. Proposes another.appeal to arbitration, 5j. 
His imperious behavior on this victory, 5:).
R.uins the trade of the nation, and encourages piracy, 51. Is menaced with 
exconmmnunicaticru which he braves anid
defeats, 52, 53. - Calls a parliamcent, forms a house of commons, and appnoiits 
members to be sent by the boroughs, 53.-
Reflections on this memorable event, 53. Employs this parlianient to crush his 
rivals. 54. His tr&eatmnent of Prince Edwa-d,
whomn he detained in custody, 55. Edward escapes from him, 56. his son Srmon 
de'eattd by Prince 13dard, 56. Himself
defeated and killed at Eveshais by E iward, 67. Review of his character and 
conduct, 57. His wvife anld ihildren banished,
59. His sons assassinate their cousin Henry d'Allmaine -at Viterbo, o9. - Lord 
Robert Dudley created earl of, and proposed
as a husband 

Page 484 
iS4 INDEX. by Queen Elizabeth to Mary, queen-of Scots, iv. 63. His character, 
6M3 Is suspi)ected oif' 1nliiderinC his
wife, to mtake way fior his expectationls of obtailliiring ElIzabeth, 63. 
Declines the l)rop,)sal of Mary, 63. Is atppoitted ouii o
the ('itllnissirlers to i1(1qure into the c(,idlltuct o)f ia y,. l16. ~,rrites a 
letter t,.Mary, reeolinnteimldinl the duke of No:t';olr to
her tfot a l:hiisand, 12'2. L)iscoxers Noroik.'s designs to 1Elizal)eth, 123. } 
l.he(olts thlit Si!lier, thle dcille of niijout's
agent,'acqlired ait ascendele'y v'et lizablleth by ineantatliolls, 184. His mii 
arriage discovered to tlhe (litell I. b Suin-ler, 1S-.
Attllempts tilhe life of Silmer; 184. Flo:rns all a;s.oci;,timl (,f c)urtiers 
fir the pr1otectionl of thle qtiell agairist aill i-ioleniie or
oilspliraet, 13. (Coiiilaiids thle forces seiit o(ver to the JUniiteil 
i'r-ilets, 2(19. h1is tiransttitns'i theie, 211. ltetillnls to iJngland,
212. Adviset the }poisoillng ol Qulteen ary, 222). ltetllluris to oIIlitlid, 
wvher t hti: co(dilt is Coiiplainiied of, 251. I:, reeLleld
by the queein, 2952. Couiniands i body of t'ot es at.'Tilbury, to oppose the 
Spanis.h ilvasion,- 2,6. Dies, 275. Instance of
Ilis aninrificenit Inariner of livirng, 372. l,eightllh is severely sentenced, 
ii the str chanlllber, for libelling the king and queel, v.
74. Itecovers his liberty, and obtailis dalna'e.% 1;38. Leip;;ic, bi ttle o', 
betiweenl Gustavus, king of Sw flenl, anid the
illmperial general Tillv, s. 63. Leith is fi;rtified by the regent of Scotland, 
iv. 24. Is rtedtced by the Englii;h, 27. Is fortified
with great zeal by the Covenanters, v. 106. Lenox, Iiatthew Stuart, earl o)t is 
sei-t by Francis.withl *a pioniiie of suei('ors to
Cardinll Bea.ton aiid the quenll dowagerl of Scotlallld, iii. 285. ];litertains 
hopes of rRingra-i tihe queen dowaager, 289.
Patronizes the Proitestant initerest in Scotland, 289. Applies to England for 
assistance, 290. Is forced by Arran to fly to
Englid, and nimarries Henry's iiece, 292. Is invited to Scotland with his son, 
Lord Dairnley, iv. (66. Inlpl;res justice for the
imurder of his son, 82. Is cited to make good his charge oil Bothwell 83. 
Protests against the precipitate trial of
Bothlsiell,iswho) is acquitted, 83. Claimns the regency, as grandfitther to the 
young King James VI., 95. Appears before the
comilssionllers at Haiiltonl Couirt, to implore vengeance for the imurder of his 
son, 107. Is chosen lieutenant or governor of
Scotland; on the death of Murray! 129. Is nmade recent by Elizabeth's allowance, 
130. Delivers up the earl of
Northumnberland to Elizabeth, 154. Is seized and put to death by Queen Mary's 
party, 155. -, count d'Aubigney created
earl of, iv. 178. Causes the earl of Morton to be tried and executed, 179. The 
king taken out of his hands bpy an association
of nobility, 190. Retires to France, where -he dies, 191. The kindness of James 
to his family, 191. Lent, the fast of,
established in the kingdom of Kent, i. 30. Lenthal is chosen speaker of the long 
parliament, v. 128. His answer to the king's
personial inquiry after the five members, 2n8. Goes to Ilounslow Heath, with the 
speaker of the house of lords, to desire
protection from the army, 345. Is reinstated, 346. Is chosen speaker in 
parliamlent under the protectorate, 450. Resumes his
place as speaker, at the restoration of the long parliament, 494. Is prevented 
from going to parliament. by Lambert, who
puts an end to it, 498. Continues speaker at its second restoration, 506. 
L'Hospital, chancellor of France, his pleas to elude
the restitution of Calais to Queen Elizabeth, iv. 113. Leo X., Pope, his 
character, iii. 90. Sends a vessel with wine and hams
to Henry VIII. and his court, 90. -Excommunicates Lewis XII. of France, and all 
who adhere to there to he-council of Pisa,
92. Takes off the exconmmu nication from Lewis, 103. Hiis motives to the sale of 
indulgences, 131. Remarks on his conduct
on this occasion, 131. The produrce from the sale of, how applied by him, 131. 
Bestows the title of Defender of the Faith
on HIenrv VIII., 133. Dies, 135. Leofrie, duke of M2excia, his contest with 
Harold, son-o f earl Godwin, i 129 

Page 485 
&-rn- x. 48b Leolf, the robber, kills Kino Edmtnd:at a feast, i. 83. Leonard's 
HIospit-al in Yorkshire, tumult occasioned
bylan ancient privilege enjioved by, ii. 457. Leopold, arclhduke of Austria, 
arrests Richard I. of England, in his return firom
Palestine, i. 381. Lesley, No'lan.l, son of the earl of Rothes, distinguishes 
himself at the battlec of Ancramn iii. 295. -, bishop
of Ross, is appointed by MIary, queen of Scots, one of her collmlissioners inI 
the cause between her and Murray, the
regent, iv. 103. Rlefuses to reply to Murray's allegations at Hamlipton Court, 
107. He and his associates break sup the
conference, 109. Elizabeth's reply to theni 1I). Complalins to the English 
council of their insincerity towards Mlary, 132.
Engages in the duke of Norfolk's conspiracy, 151. Is impris-oned, 153. --, earl 
of Leven. See Leven. -, l)avid, defeats the
earl of Montrose at Philip-haugh in the forest; v.:316. Comnmands the Scots army 
against Oliver Cromlwell, 411. Follows
Croniwell in his retreat to Dunbar, 412. Is ordered to attack Cromwvell, and is 
defeated, 412. Levellers, their plan for
government after the death of Charles I., v. 38B. Leven, Lesley, earl of, 
marches with a Scots army to the assistance of the
English parliallent against Charles I., v. 263. Joins Sir Thonlas Fairftlx, 273. 
Assists in the defeat of Prince Rupert at Marston
Moor, 275. Marches northward, and takes Newcastle by storm, 278. Reduces 
Carlisle, 314. The klng puts himself into the
hands of the army whenl before Newark, 323. Surrenders the king to 
the-parliamentary commissio ners, 32.q Levisoun Sir
Richard, commands a fleet in an expedition to the coasts of Spain, iv. 339. 
Attacks the harbor of Cerinlbra, and takes a rich
carrack there, 339. Lewellyn, prince of WVales, applies to Henry rII. for 
protection against his reeilliolis son Griffinl, ii. 42.
Renews his hostilities on the death of Griffin, 42. Is succeeded by Griffin's 
son Lewellyn, 42. -, son to Griffin, succeeds his
grandfather in the principality of WVales, ii. 42. Renewsvs the homage to Henry, 
42. Confederates with Leicester. anid
invades England, 43. Is pardoned, but cabals with the barons again, 75. Is 
sumnmoned by Edward 1. to renew his honiiage,
75. Is subdued by Edward on his non-coospliance, 77. Is defeated and kiiled by 
Mortinier on occasion of new disputes, 78.
His brother David tried as a traitor, and executed, 78. Lewes, balttle of, 
between Henry 1II. and his barons, headed by the
earl 6o Leiee.,te,r ii. 48. The treaty called the JMise of, 50. Lewis the Gross, 
king of France, disturbs Normandy, i. 259.
Endeavors to restore Willialm, son of duike Robert, 260. Defeated by Henryl 1., 
261. WVas the fiist establisher of
corporations, and awith what view, -54. -- VII, lkinu of France, betrothls his 
sister Coistantia to Eustace, eldest son of
Stephen, king of England, i. 27-1. Divorces Eleanor, heircss of (;nielne; 284. 
Ahfiances his d utrihteer Margaret to HIeni,
eldest son of Itenrv II of EngFland, 292. Anecdotes of a conference hettveen him 
aicd lHenrv II., in' relation to Becket,
archbishop of Canteibury,:317. I)isgrt.ted at his datghter IMargaret not beinsg 
crowned with Piince ItleIry, 319. Exhorts the
p',pe to excomluni catte Kin IIenrly. 32t. Iinc);uraeres the revnlt (f Piince 
Henry against his father, 339. BIesieges Ver'neuil,
in onjunlctioon with Prince Henry, 34. ) His fraudunleiit behaviolr to Kilni 
Hessia here,:34'. Eats a conlference with Henry,
341. 1isapp))ilite( i ills in'ther tealcherous scherne atainsit Roulen, 34). 
l)ccives lenrv a;in, o34. Peatce cmncluded Ibetween
hils antd Ieniir, 346. Becolle.. slperstitinus, and makes s pilgria'iue to 
Blecket's shrine, 3i.0 -—, P eldest son of Philip of
Fraice, iarried to Blanche of Castile, liece af Jorhi, king of England, i. 396. 
The barons of England oier- him the 

Page 486 
48G INDEX. — kingdom, 436. Arrives in England with an army, 437. Loses his Influ 
ence armiong the English barons by
his imprudence, 438. The barons who a(lhere to him ex\onmmunicated by the pope's 
legate, ii. 5. They desert himl, 5. The
city of Lincoln taken fiom him by the earl of PIembroke, 6. The FreTlch fleet, 
comling to his assistancee, deeated by the' Im
ilisli, 6. Citcludes a peace with Penmbroke, and goes back to Fr.ance, 7. S,. 
ccte d s his fathe' Philip in the kinardorn of
FIrance, 12. (Lewis 1I1. ilivades Poictiou and takes Rochelle, ii. 12. -- IX. of 
rallce his chliracter, ii. 37. His conduct
tolwards the English, 37. Ot:ills cesSion of N'oltrnalid) fronl Ilenv II., 28. 
HeB ry refers the ditfferltees between hini and
Leicester to his queen, Maracrett, 41. Antother reference made to Iis 
arbitration, 45. Decides in favor of leurs, 46F. Elgages
Prince Edsward in a crusade,- 60. Dies at Turis, in A'ica., 6(0. His character, 
60. X.,I killg of France, his character and
ambitious views, ii. 456.'Protects the earl of tiWarwick, 461. Leagues wvith 
hinm and Queen Margafret, 46i2. Assists
WValrwick with a fleet, 463. Bujs peace? of Edward lV. at a tribute during his 
life, 47o5. ILnterviewn between them, 475.
Fl ther transac( tions lbet eeiil thliem, 476. Ransomns Queen Margaret, 477. 
IteftlectiOlls on hii, t(onduct towairds the duke
of Bur1gundy and his daitghtem, 478. Co(tnludes a peace with Maxsimilian, king 
of the Rhomans, and marries the daulphin
to his daughter Mairgaret, iii. 21. -- X II. of I'raice sulbd ues the duchy of 
Milan, iii. 59. Engages Perdiandtl of Slpin to assist
hinm in seizing Naples, 82. Outwitted- by him, 82..loiri in a le ague against 
the Venetians, 83. His niephew Gaston de fl'ix
dlefialts the Sp)arish ttnd' papal armnies, but is killed, 89. Loses his 
c(tllqtllt-ts il It;aly.. Excoimmiunicated b Pope l,eo X,92.
Senrds relief to Teronellene, esieged by Hellr- VIII., 97. Coileluldes a treaty 
v.ittl Iertdinatdl(, atid ofetrs his daughter for onr
e of his graildstons, 10(3. Etnilt",iers the (llike de Lolltileville, prisoner 
in Eniglannd to conclllde a tretSty with Ilelry, 104.
Stiputltes to pay lthe arrears of the penlsion du(e to I ingland, 104. Marries 
Henry's sister, anid dies quickly aftert, 1!)5. ---
IV. suceedls to the crown of- France, an infant, v. 456. -Meets Philil tf Spaiii 
at the Pyreniees, and espouses his daughter,
5)0. Joins the I)iitt it itn the war;ith Ellglaid, vi. 4,5. His personi and 
character described, 6'1. Forms ipretenlsiotls to the
duchy of Braliant, in right of his (ltctlee, 6l. His railid conquests in the Low 
Coitries. 632. His haulr-lltt behtavior to the courts
of Europe, 62. The trilple alliance formed agiiist Iiin, 6,5. His art in 
tbringing Charles II. over to the French interest, 86. His
suddeni irrulption itnto Lorrain, 87. Declares war against Hltt!aid, 98. Marches 
a large armiy to the Dutch friontiers, 99. Ilis
rapid successes in the Low dountries, 104. Enters Utrecht, 10i. His deianlds 
fromn the Dutch deputties sent to implore
petace, 1()7. Is opproed, at last, Ity the pritnce of Orange, 112. Enters into 
treaty with Chariles II. to restO(re Popery in
Englatid, 127, n. Serves as a volunteer uiider the prilce of CTdtld, 137. Takes 
Condo by storni, 14(). His receptionI of the
earl of Feversham. senit with the terms of peace to himl,. 152. Takes Ghelit 
alid Ypres, 154. Treaty at Ninieguien cotl
cluded, 159. His prosperouls situiation by this treaty, 160. His hauighty -and 
arbitrary trelatment of the Eiropeant powers,
278. Revokes the edict of N antz, 305. A league foirnied against him by the 
prince of Orange, 332. Informs Janies of the
prince of Oratnge's schemes, 338. Receives James kindly on his abdication, 3,52. 
His great regard for literature, 373. --,
Dr., a Welsh plhysician enlployed to negotiate a marriage between the princess 
Elizabeth, daughter of Edward IV., and
Henry earl of Hichmend, ii. 501. keyden is besieged by the Spaniards, iv. 166. 
Liberty, civil, the revival of arts favorable to,
ii. 511. Instance showsing~ the barons to have been sensible of this, 511, 2t. A 
regular plan formed 

Page 487 
INDEX. 4SM by the commons at the commencement of the reign of Charles I. for the 
establishment of, v. 4. Lidington,
Maitland of, is sent by the Protestant association in Scotland, called the 
Congregation of the Lord, to request assistance of
Queen Elizabeth, iv. 2.5. Is again sent to-thank her, and request further aid, 
"90. Is made secretary of state by Queen
AMary, 36. Is sent to London Nxith M[ary's compliments to Elizabeth, and to 
require a declaration of her successiol to the
English crown, 43. Enters into a confederacy of Scots nobles, to protect Prince 
James, and punish the mnurderers of his
father, 91. Assists at the conferences concerning Mary, before the English and 
Scots commissioners, 103. Encourages the
duke of Nor-, folk in the hopes of espousing AMary, 105. Takes part with 
Knirkaldy of Grange in favor of Mary, and is
supposed to have killed himself, on the suppression of the party by Elizabeth, 
156. Lilburne, his cruel prosecution in the star
chamber, and resolution in suffering, v. 87. Recovers his liberty, and obtains 
damages, 138. Is imprisoned by the parliament
for his seditious writings, 395. Is acquitted on trial by the new statute of 
treasons, 421. Is again tried and acquitted during the
protectorate, 448. Lilla, an officer of King Edwin's army, his extraordinary 
fidelity to him, i. 33. Lillibullero, on what
occasion this song was made, vi. 348. Limneric is besieged and taken by Ireton, 
v. 424. Lincoln, the city of, taken from
Lewis by the earl of Pembroke, ii. 6. Is taken for the long parliament by the 
earl of Manchester, v. 27.5., John, earl of, his
family and character, ii. 16. Retires to the court of the dhchess of Burgundy, 
17. Commands Simnel's army, and is killed at
the battle of Stoke, 18. Lincolnshire, insurrection headed there by Sir Robert 
Welles, in the reign of Edward IV., ii. 460.
The insurgents defeated by the king, 460. Lindesey, earl of, is sent to the 
relief of Rochelle, but is unable to pass the mole, v.
50. Signs a protestation against the liturgy, 100.o Commnands under the king at 
the battle of Edge Hill, 236. Is mortally
wounded, and taken prisoner, 237. Lisle, Dudley, Lord, commands the fleet of 
Henry VIII. in an invasion of Scotland, iii.
292. -, Lady, the cruel persecution of, vi. 299. Literature, the state of, in 
QueenlElizabeth's reign, iv;. 376. Liturgy, one
framed by a committee of bishops and divines, iii. 350. In what. respect it 
-differed from the old mass book, 350.. Is revised,
370 Is authorized by parliament, 375. Is suppressed by the restoration of the 
mass by Queen Mary, 400. Is restored by
Queen Elizabeth, iv. 10. Is abolished by the assembly of divines at Westminster, 
v. 291. Is again admitted at the restoration,
vi. 10. Loans, arbitrarily exacted by Queen Elizabeth from her subjects, iv. 
351. A general one required by Charles I., v. 21.
Persons confined for refusal, 22. Other oppressions exercised against them, 2.5. 
Lochlevin Castle, Mary, queen of Scots,-
confined there, iv. 92. She makes her escape from thence, 97. Lockhart is made 
governor of Dunkirk by Oliver Cromwell,
v. 481. Ilis scruples when applied to by Monk to join in restoring the king, 
513. Lollards, the followers of Wickliffe the
reformer, their tenets, ii. 319. Favored by the duke of Lancaster, 320. One 
burnt for heresy, 329. Another, 342.
Prosecution of Lord Cobham as their head, 348. Ilis transactions and execution, 
349. The points of reformation aimed at by
them, 349. The doctrines of Martin Luther embraced by them, iii. 133. See 
Heresy, and Reformation. London, a flourishing
Roman colony there, destroyed, and the inhabitants massacred by the Britons, i. 
6. Burnt by the Danes, 54. Rebuilt by
Alfred, 65, Submits to William, duke of Normandy, 180. The liberties 

Page 488 
of, confnrmed, but, the inhabitants disarmed by him, 183. A synnod sum ilouAi 
there, 2316. Another, 265. Cliharter granted
to, by King Henry I., 2t8 The citizens sunimmoned to a council to recognize the 
pretensions of the empress Matilda, 281.
Conmputation of the number of its inbabita'nts at this time, 281. Revolts 
against Matilda, 282. Massacre ot Jews there at the
coronation of Richard I., 367. Its first charter of incorl oration, when 
granted, 440. Tumults excited there in favor of t..e
barons by Fitz-Richard, the mayor, ii. 43, 46. The citizens rise in favor of 
Queen Isabella, and murder the bishop of Exeter,
164. They put Baldoc, the chancellor, in Newgate, and kill him by. bad usage, 
166. Great destruction there by the plague,
237. John, king of France, brought prisoner to, 246. Its charter seized by 
Richard 11., 298. The chapter lands of that see
seized by Henry VIII., iii. 274. An insurrection of apprentices, and others 
there, to oppose the encouraging foreign artificers,
314. Queen Mary's title acknowledged by the, magistrates of, in olpposition to 
Lady Jane Gray, 389. Twenty thousand die
there of the. plague brought from Havre -de Grace, iv. 61. The Royal Exchange 
built by Sir Thomas Gresham, 369. The.
number of foreigners in, at this time, 369. Great plague there in James's reign, 
388. The number of its inhabitants at this time,
388. Is the centre of all the commerce of the kingdom, 395. The continued 
concourse of the gentry there, discouraged by
James I., 505. He renews the edicts against increasing buildings in, 505. Brick 
buildings in, by whom introduced, 513.
Another plague in,.v. 6..Refuses a loan to the king, 20. Ship money levied on it 
by Charles, 21. Refuses another loan to the
king, 121. Petitions for a parliament, 123. The treaty with the Scots at Rippon, 
adjourned to, 125. Petitions for a total
alteration of church governnient, 143. The king comes to the common council, 
208. The city petition parliament, as also-the
porters.and -apprentices, 212. Takes part with the parliament against the king, 
227. Its train bands join the earl of
Essex,.238. Sends four regiments of militia to Essex, 255. Its militia ordered 
out by the parliament to defend it against the
army, 340. Petitions the parliament against the change of its militia, which the 
populace oblige it to grant, 344. The common
council refuse an -ssessmnent to the long parliament on its restoration, and 
declare for a iree parliament, 509. Lends money
to Charles II. for the Dutch war, vi. 39. Great plague of, 44. Is burnt, 50. 
Good effects of this calamity, 50. Disputes
between the citizens and Sir Robert Clayton, lord mayor, about the election of 
sheriffs, 219. Disputes between the citizens
and Sir John Moore on the same occasion, 256. A writ of quo vearranto issued 
against the city, 258. Conditions on which
the charter was restored, 260. The mayor, aldermen, and a deputation of 
the-corn. monl council, summoned to the
convention parliament, 354. London bridge, when first finished of stone, i. 440. 
Lonabeard. See Fitz-Osbert. Lon,'champ,
bishop of Ely. See Ely. Longueville, duke of, defeated and taken prisoner by 
Henry VIII., at the battle of Spurs, iii. 98.
Negotiates a peace between Henry and Lewis, 104. duchess, dowager of. See Guise, 
Mary of. Lopez, Roderigo. physician
to Queen Elizabeth, is executed for receiving a bribe from the Spanish ministry 
to poison her, iv. 285. Lords, house of, their
proceediiigs in settling the plan of government during the minority of Richard 
II., ii. 280. Their proceedings against the king's
ministry at the instigation of the duke of Gloucester, 294. The irregularity of 
their judicial proceedings, 296. The duke of
Ilereford's accusation,.g.inst the duke of Norfolk, 305. Duel between them 
prevented by the king, 30t. Tunmults among, at
the accession of Ilenry IV., 327. Debate on the pretensions of Richard, duke of 
York, 437.;knowl4ge his Prh t of attcesSion
and pm'se lnm eo t, 4. 

Page 489 
-INDEX. 489 Condemn the duke of Clarennce, brother to Edward IV., 481. Their 
charge agtrinst Cardinal Wolsey, iii. 177.
Franme the bill of six articles, for abolishing diversity of opinions in 
religion, 253. Henry conimplins to them of tile diversity of
religions, 261. Their fl tteri to Cromwell, earl of Essex, 262. Condenin 
Croinwell without trial,'264. Petition the king to li'ly
his mlarriatge with Anne of Cleves before the convocaLtiln, 265 The lord 
Moluntjoy protests against the bill establishing a
council tn jullge ofences atgainst the king's proclamations, 287. Pass a bill of 
attaiider acgrinst the duke of Norfolk, 3)6.
Lord Seymnour attaiinted, 349. Pass a severe law against treason, which is 
altered by the coinmnus, 376. Frame a poor bill,
which is rejected by the coimmnons, 376. Are impatient to have the succession of 
the crown settled, iv. 77. Check the colll
nmns, by the queenl's order, from debating on matters of religious reformaition, 
1t36. Are refused a conference desired
wvith the comimons, 175. The commons dispute with them concerning punctilios, 
29,5. Send a bill to the commnons for
entailing the crown lands on the king and his successors, which is refused, 397. 
The number of lords in the house, in the reign
of James I., 495. Impeachnlent of the earl of Bristol and duike of Buckingham, 
v. 13. Procure the earl of Arundel's liberty,
16. 5Remarks on their conduct during the disputes between the king and the 
commons, 39. Pass the petition of right, 42.
Are dissolved, 59. Their interposition with the commons in the long parliament 
requested by the king, 115. A committee of,
joined to one of the lower houe, appointed to sit during the recess of 
parliament, 172. A committee of. with one of the
comnmons, appointed to attend the king to Scotland, 172. The commons declare an 
intention of setting their authority aside,
unless they concur with them, 201. The bishops' votes in, taken away, 213. The 
majority of the peers retire to the king at
York, 224. For those transactions wherein the remainder concur with the commons, 
see Par. liament. Are obliged to pass
the self-denying ordinance, 287. Choo:;e Lord Hunsdon speaker, on Manchester's 
going to the army, 34.5. Reject the vote
of the commons for bringing the king to a trial, 370. Ihe house of, voted 
useless, dangerous, and to be abolished, 383. A
house of, summoned by the protector, which the ancient peers refuse to attend, 
479. Their jurisdiction refused to be
acknowledged by the commons, 479. The peers resume their seats in the 
parliament, 517. The bishops restored to their
seats, vi. 18. Refuse to commit Clarendon to custody on the impeachment of the 
commons, 568. Vote Clarendon's letter to
them a libel, 59. Their disputes with the commons on Skinner's case, 78. 
Differences with the commons on their altering a
money bill, 89. Endeavor to introduce a new test act, enforcing passive 
nbedience, 133. Great disputes between, and *the
commons, on the case of Fag and Shirley, 135. Are prevailed on, by the duke of 
York, to admit an exception in his favor in
the new test act, 187. Refuse to commit Danby on his impeachment by the commons, 
190. Pass the bill of attainder against
Danby, 198. Resume the business of the Popish plot, 198. The right of the 
bishops to vote in Darnby's case denied by the
commons, 2)5. Reject the exclusion bill, 288., Free the Popish lords impeached 
by the commons, 293. Take the speech of
James II. into consideration, at the motion of Compton, bishop of London, 394. 
As stime the administration of government
on the king's flight, 3,50. Desire the prinice of Orange to assume the 
government, and summon a convention, 354. Their
debates on the question of a new king or a regency, 358. Their conference with 
the commons, 359. Lords of articles in the
Scots parliament, an account of their institution, v. 17.5. Are abolished, 17.5. 
Lorne, Lord, son of the earl of Argyle, obtains
the gift of his father's forfeiture, vi. 15. Is condemned on the statute of 
leasing makinig, 67. Is pardoned by the king, 67.
Retrospect of his life, 219 Is created earl of Argyle, 249. See Argyle. 

Page 490 
490'O INDEX. Lorraine, cardinal of. See Guise. Advises his niece, Mary, queen of 
Scots, to rigor against the Protestant
leaders who had taken arms against her, iv. 71. Concerts a massacre of the 
French Hugonots, 71. See Ilnglonots. Founds a
seminlary at Rheims for the educlation of English Catholics, 182. Lotllhatie, 
elder brother of Egbert, king of Kent,
dispossesses his nephew Fd(ric, i.'3). Defeated and killed by him, 30. Loudonl, 
Lord, is comunitted to the Tower for signing
a letter sent by the Scots mnalecontents to the king of France, v. 113. Is Imade 
anI earl, 176. Is sent with other
coimmnissioners by the Scots to Oxford, to iriediate Jetween the king and 
parliament, 260. Returns dissatisfied, 261. Does
public penance for countenancing the royalists, 365. _ —---- Hill, the 
Covenanters repulse an attack on a conventicle there,
vi. 210. Lovel, Viscount, heads an insurrection in the north, against Henry VII, 
iii. 12. Flies to Flanders, 12. Joins Lambert
Sininel, 17. Supposed t0 be killed at the battle of Stoke, 18. Louise of Savory, 
mother of l'rancis I. of France, her character,
iii. 143. lMlakes overtures of nmarriage to Charles, duke of Bourbon, wvhich he 
Jrejects, 143. Deprives Bourbon of his
possessions by a lawsuit, 143. Concludes an alliance xith England, on the 
captivity of F1'rancis, 150. A large present
exacted of her covertly, by Wolsey,- on the treaty with I-lenry, 152. Louviers, 
peace concluded there, between Philip of
France and Richard I of Englanld, i. 389. Low Counttries, state of, at the time 
of Henry VII., iii.; 21. See Nether. lands, and
United Provinces. Lucy, Richard de, left guaidian of the kingdom by Henry II. 
during his absence in France, i. 342. Repulses
the irruptions of the Scots, 342. Sutppresses an invasion of Flemings under the 
earl of Leicester, and takes him prisoner,
342. Ludlow, Lieitenanit-General, obtains command of the army in Ireland, on the 
death of Ireton, v. 425. Engages in the
cabal of Wallingford House, 492. Ludovico, duke of Milan, invites the French to 
an invasion of Naples, iii. 47. Joins the
enmperor, and other princes, in a league against France, 47. Milan subdued bv 
the French, 59. Lupicaire, a Bratbanqon,
commands at Falaise for John, king of England, i. 404. Surrenders the pllace to 
Philip, and enlists with him against,John!,
404. Luslignan, Gnly de, how he became king of Jerusalem, i. 375. Loses his 
kingdonl, and applies to Richard I. of England,
at Cyprus, to establish his title in opposition to Courade, marquis of 
Monutferrat, 37.5. Made king of C'yprus by Itichard,
on quitting his pretensions to the crown of Jerusalem, 379. Iuther, Martin, his 
character, and the motives for opposing the
sale of ildulteue ces, iii. 132. Is patronized by the elector of Saxony, 132. 
The progress of his opinions in Germlany, 132. Ilis
doctrines emibraced by the, Lollards in England, 133. Is wrote against by Henry 
VIII., 133. His sharp reply to iHelnry's
book, 133. The quick progress of his doctrines, owing partly to the art of 
printing, 134. Termns the pope Antichrist, 134.
Several of his disciples take shelter in England, 370. Luxenlbourg, Mareschal, 
defeats the prince of Orange at St. Oniers, vi.
145. Is attacked at St. Dennis by the prince of Orange, the day after the peace 
of Nimefuten, 159. Iusxury, laws against, in
the reign of Edward III., ii. 276. Iyons, a general council c lled there, by. 
Pope Innocent IV., to excommuniicate the
emperor Frederic II., ii. 22. Complaints translmitted to it by Ilenry III. and 
his nobility, 22. Council of, remioved thither from
Pisa, iii. 85. Interdicted by the pope, 85...enounced by Lewis XII. of France, 
103 

Page 491 
INDEX. 49 Iaebeth, a Scots nobleman, murders Duncan, king of Scotland, and 
usurps the crown, i. 130. Is defeated and
killed by Siward, duke of Northumberland, 130. Maccail, a Scots Covenanter, 
expires under torture in ecstasy, vi. 72.
Macgill, Sir James, is by the Scots parliament appointed a commissioner to treat 
with Elizabeth concerning AMary, iv. 131.
Is dismissed by Elizabeth without concluding on any thing, 132. Mackrel, Dr., 
prior of Barlings, heads an insurrection against
Henry VIII., iii. 235. Is deserted by his adherents, taken, and executed, 236. 
Madrid, treaty of, between the emperor
Charles V. and his prisoner, Francis I. of France, iii. 155. Mwegbota, in the 
ancient German law, what, i. 166. Magdalene,
sister to Pope Leo X., the produce of indulgences in Saxony assigned to her, 
iii. 131. Farms the sale out to Arcemboldi, a
Genoese, 131. See Arcemboldi. College, Oxford, its contest with James II., vi. 
322. The president and fellows expelled,
323. Gifford, doctor to the Sorbonne, appointed president by mandate, 328. Magna 
Charta. See Charter of Liberties.
MIalhomet, the prophet of the East, a general review of the transactions of him 
and his followers, i.-226. Maine, the
province of, agreed to be. ceded to the duke of Anjou, on the marriage of his 
niece Margaret with Henry VI., ii. 410.
Surrendered and alienated from the English government, 413. Mainfroy, natural 
son of the emperor Frederic II., his contest
with the pope for the crown of Sicily, ii. 23. A crusade published against him, 
24. Major-generals, established by Cromwell
all over England, v. 453. Their authority reduced, 472. Maitland of Lidington. 
See Lidington. Malherbe's Ode to Mary de
Medicis, writ in 1614, a stanza of, iv. 571. Malta, knights of, refuse to 
surrender up their revenues to Henry VITI.4 iii. 262.
Their order dissolved by parliament, 262. Manbote, in the ancient German law, 
what, i. 167, n. Mlanchester, earl of, is by
the parliament appointed general of an association of several counties against 
Charles I., v. 254. Defeats the royalists at
-lorncastle, 258. Takes Lincoln, and jjoins Fairfax in the siege of York, 275. 
Assists in defeating the king at Newbury, 280.
Disputes between him and Cromwell, 284. Goes as speaker of the house of lords, 
with Lenthal of the commons, to
Hounslow Heath, to desire protection of the armly, 345. Is appointed lord 
chamberlain by Charlds II., vi. 2. Manners, a
review of, in the thirteenth century, i. 473. State of, in the reign of Edward 
II. ii. 174. During that of Queen Elizabeth, iv.
371. A review of, during the reign of James I., 504. A review of, during the 
time of the commonwealth, v. 518. Great
alteration in, produced by the restoration, vi. 371. Mansel, chaplain to Henry 
III., his enormous possession of pluralities; ii.
21. Mansfeldt, Count, commands an army in the service of Frederic, elector 
palatine, iv. 471. Is dismissed, and engages in
the service of the United Provinces, 471. Is engaged by James, and assisted with 
men, to recover the palatinate, 492. His
men reduced by sickness, 493. Manufactures, state of, in the reign of Queen 
Elizabeth, iv. 369. State of, in the reign of
James I., 515. Great increase of, after the restoration, vi. 370. tlanwaring is 
impeached by the commons for his sermon on
the regal prerogative in levying taxes, v. 43. Is promoted to the see of St. 
Asaph, 44, March, earl of. See Mortimer.
Marche, Count de. la, his wife, Isabella, taken from him by the count of 
Angouleme, her -father, and married to John, king
of England, i. 397. Excites commotions against John in the French provinces, 
397. 

Page 492 
Is taken prisoner.by John, 400. Marries Isabella on John's death, ii. 18. 
Margaret of Anjou, her character, ii. 409. Married
to Henry VI. of Engo land, 410. Joins the cardinal of Winchester's faction 
against the duke of Gloucester, 410. Suspected of
having some hand in Gloucester's imurder, 412. Delivered of a son, 432. Raises 
an army~in the north of E]igland, and
defeats and kills the duke of York, 439. Her arlmy, under the earl of Pembroke, 
defeated by Edward, duke of York, at
Mortimer's cross, 440. Defeats the earl of Warwick at St. Albans, 440. Regains 
possession of the king, 441. Retires before
the army of Edward, duke of York, 441. Consequences of the licentiousness of her 
troops, 446. 1Her army routed at
Touton, 446. Retires with IHenry to Scotland, 447. Ellndeavors to engage the 
Scots in her interest, 448. Solicits assistance
in France, 451. Deteated at tiexham, 4.51. Her extraordinary adventure with 
robbers in a forest, 451. Goes to her father's
court, and retires, 452. Enters into a league with the earl of WAarwick, 462. 
Marries her son Edward to the lady Anne,
daughter to the earl of Warwick, 462. 3Returns to England on the restoration of 
her husband, but arrives not till after
Warwick's defeat, 467. Ransomed by Lewis of France, 477. lHer character, 477. of 
Norway, by what title she succeeded
to the crown of Scotland, ii. 83). Guardians appointed during her infancy, 80. 
Treaty of marriage between her and Prince
Edward of England, 81. Dies on her passage to Scotland, 82., daughter to Henry 
VII., married to James IV. of Scotland, iii.
61. Malarries Douglas, earl of Angus, on the death of James IV., 109. Is 
divorced, and marries another nobleman, 199.
Mlarignan, battle of, between Francis I. of Franced and the S\wiss, iii. 113. 
Markham, Sir George, his oppressive treatment
by the court of star chami ber, v. 81. Marlebridge, laws enacted by the 
parliament summoned there by Henry III., after the
barons' wars, ii. 63. Marre, Donald, earl of, appointed regent on the death of 
the earl of Mur. ray, ii. 187. Is defeated and
killed by Edward Baliol, 188. -, earl of, chosen regent of Scotland, on the 
death of Lenox, iv. 155. Is obliged to conclude a
truce with the queen's party, 155. Dies of melancholy, at the distracted state 
of the country, 155. Marriage with kindred, an
examination of the question concerning, with reference to that of Henry VIII. 
with Catharine of Arragon, iii. 183. Marshal's
court, abolished by the long parliament, v. 171. Marston Moor, battle of, 
between Prince Rupert and Sir Thomas Fairfax, v.
275. Martial law, the arbitrary indiscriminate exertion of, previous to and 
during the reign of Queen Elizabeth, iv. 346.
Miartin II., Pope, summons a council at Placentia, to consult about res-.uirg 
the Holy Land from -the Turks, i. 227. Calls
another council at Clermont, 228. ---- V., Pope, elected by the council of 
Constance, ii. 371. Writes Henry VI. a severe
letter against the statute of provisors, 444. Martyr, Peter, desires leave to 
withdraw from England at the accession of Queen
Mary, iii. 394. Is generously assisted by Bishop Gardiner, 394 Indignities used 
to his wife's body, 394. Martyrs. -See
Heresy. Mlary of Anjou, queen to Charles VII. of France, recovers her husband 
from his dejection on the siege of Orleans,
ii. 388. _ ——, Princess, sister to Henry VIII., married to Lewis XII. of France, 
who dies quickly after, iii. 105. Marries the
duke of Suffolk, 105. -, Princess, daughter of Henry VIII., betrothed, an 
infant, to the dauphin of France, iii. 116. Is after
betrothed to the emperor Charles, 126. Is con.trac ed by treaty, with the duke 
of Orleans, 160. The states of 

Page 493 
INDEX). 493 Castile oppose her marriage withi the emperor, 163. The bishop of 
Taroe, ambassador from Franc:-, objects
to her marriage with the duke of Orleans, 163. Is excluded from the succession 
by parliament, 196. Is taken into favor, on
her compliance wvith the acko(wledmlllet of her father's supremacy, 229. Is 
illegitimated by parliament, 230. Is restored to
her right of succession by parliament, 290. Adheres to the mass during the steps 
to reformation in her brother's reign, and,
by the emperor's means, obtains a temnporary connivance, 353. Her chaplains 
imprisoned, 369. Is remonstrated with by the
council, 369. Continues obstinate in the Catholic faith, 369. A discussion of 
her title to the succession, 385,. Her narrow
escape from falling into the hands of Northumberland, on her brother's death, 
386. Her ineasures to secure possession of the
crown, 386. The lady Jane'Gray is proclained at London, 387. The nobility and 
people flock to her, 388. The lady Jane
deserted, and her title universally acknowledged, 389. Causes the lady Jave 
arind her party to be apprehended, 390.
Releases the duke of Norfolk, and other prisoners, from the'Tower, 391. Affects 
popularity. 3JL Hler bigotry, 392.
Imprisons the Protestant bishops, 392. Cause of her prosecuting CranuIer for 
treason, 393. The mass celebrated before the
parliament, 394. All Edward's statutes on religion repeated, 395. Deliberates 
onil the choice of three husbands proposed to
her, 395. Cause of her first declared animosity to her sister Elizabeth, 396. 
Declares hex intention of reconcilement to Rome,
397. Invites over Cardinal Pole, in quality of legate, 397. The emperor Charles 
V. proposes his soni Philip to her for a
husband, 398. Dissolves the parliament for opposing tilhe Spanish match, 399. 
Substance of the marriage articles,400.
Remarks of the people on this alliance, 401. Insurrections on occasion of it, 
4.12. Treats her sister Elizabeth harshly, 403.
Orders the execution of Lady Jane and her husband, 404. Her cruel conduct with 
respect to Sir Nicholas Throemorton,
406. Disarms the people, 406. HIer fond anxiety for the arrival of Philip, 408. 
Is married to him, 409. Is unable to get her
huso band declared presumptive heir to the crown, or to get him crowned, 412. 
Imagines herself pregnant, 413. Dissolves
the parliament, 414. Re, solves to exert the laws against heresy with rigor, 
419. See Heresy. An express commission issued,
more effectually to extirpate heresy, 424. A proclamation against heretical 
books, 425. Sends a solemn embassy to Pope
Paul IV., 426. Resolves to comply with the pope's demand of full restitution of 
all church property, 427. Is dejected at her
husband's neglect and going to Flanders, 428. Her oppressive extortions fiom her 
subjects, 428. Is opposed by Pole and
others in her design of engaging the kingdom in Philip's quarrel with France, 
435. Philip returns to press her to that measure,
435. How this was effected, 436. Raises money arbitrarily for this war, 436. 
Calais taken. by the duke of Guise, 438.
Obtains grants from parliament, 442. All sales or grants of crown lands by her, 
for seven years to come, confirmed by
parliament, 442. Thanks her sister for referring the king of Sweden's proposal 
of marriage to her consideration, 443.
Prepares a great fleet for a descent on Brittany, which fails, 444. Her health 
declines, and the cause of her illness, 445. Dies,
445. An estimate of her character, 445. nIary, daughter of James V. of Scotland, 
born, iii. 281. Becomes queen by the
death of her father, 281. Is contracted to Prince Edward of England, 283. Is 
sent to France, and betrothed to the dauphin,
343. Is married to the dauphin, 442. Assumes the title and arms of England, on 
the accession of Queen Elizabeth, iv. 15.
Treaty of Edinburih, and settlement of the administration by this treaty, during 
her absente, 28. Refuses her assent to the
parliamentary reformation of religion, 30. Refuses to ratify the treaty of 
Edinburgh, 30. Her husband, Francis II., dies, 32.
Refuses the desire of the English ambassador, of ratifying the treaty of 
Edinburgh, or to renounce her pretensions to the
crown of England, 33. Is ill treated by the queen mother of France, and resolvee 
VOL. V1. 42 

Page 494 
-44 INDEX. to return to Sc otland, 33.. Her resentment on being refused a passage 
through England, 33. Arrives in
Scotland, 34. Shows great regret on leaving France, 35. Her character and 
accomplishments, 35. Bestows her confidence
on the leaders of the reformed party, 36. Loses her popularity by her adherence 
to the Catholic religion, 36. Is exposed to
insults from this ctause, 37. Endeavors to gain the favor of John Knox, the 
reformier, who contrives to insult her, 38. Her life
rendered unhappy through his insolent conduct, 38 Her future errors deducible, 
in part, froll this cause, 39. Is petitioned by
the church, on account of a riot at a baxedy house, 40. Outragres conmilitted on 
her chapel, 41. Makes an ill-j udged claim
to Elizabeth, of being declared her successor, 43. Elizabeth's repaly to her, 
43. An apparent reconciliation takes place
between them, 62. Elizabeth evades an interview with her; 62. Divers matches 
concerted for her by her uncles, 62. The earl
of Leicester proposed to her by Elizabeth, 63. Is piqued at Elizabeth's 
duplicity in this offer, 64. Sends Sir James Ic-lvil to
London, to accommodate their differences, 64. The lord Darnley proposed to her 
as a husband, 65. Is advised by Elizabeth
to invite him, and his father, the earl of Lenox, to Scotland, 66. Elizabeth 
inconsistently against the match, 66. Reflections on
her situation in being of a different religion from her people, 67. Is exhorted 
by the general assembly to renounce-the,onlish
religion, 67. Is married to,ord Darnley, 68. A confederacy formed against her at 
S.tirling, 69. Drives the rebels into
Argyleshire, 69. Forces them to retire into England, 70. Elizabeth's deceitful 
conduct on this occasion, 70. Is inclined to
pardon the leaders of the conspiracy, 70. Is advised to rigor by her uncle, the 
cardinal of L6drraine, 71. Summons a
parliament to attaint the rebel lords, 72. A character of her husband Daruley, 
72. Incurs his resentment on her neglect of him,
on discovery of his weakness and vices, 72. Her attachment to David Rizzio, 72. 
Rizzio assassinated in her presence, by
Darnley's order, 7.5. Is detained prisoner in her palace, 75. Is reconciled to 
the banished lords, 755. Her art in procuring
her liberty, 76. Collects an army, and drives the conspirators into England, 76. 
Grants them liberty to return home at the
intercession of Bothwell, 76. Makes Darnley disavow all concern in Rizzio's 
murder, and then leaves him in disdain, 76. Is
brought to bed of a son, 76. Sends Sir James Melvil to Elizabeth with the news, 
76. Melvil's account of Elizabeths behavior
on this intelligence, 77. Her intimacy with Bothwell, 80. Ar apparent 
reconciliation between her and Darnley, 81. Darnley
blown up with gunpowder in a lone house, 82. Is suspected to have concerte, this 
murder with Bothwell, 82. Is petitioned
by the earl of Lenox for justice against Bothwe'l, and others whom he charged 
with the murder, 82. Bothwell recommended
to her for a husband by the nobility, 84. Ir seized by Bothwell, to afford her 
the plea of violence, 85. Grants him a pardon
for all crimes, 85. Acknowledges herself free, and orders the bans to be 
published for her marriage with Bothwell, now
made duke of Orkney, 86. Craig, the minister who is ordered to publish the bans, 
firmly remonstrates against it, 86. Is
married to Bothwell, 88. Is exhorted against it, both by her French relations 
and Elizabeth, 88. The people murmur at these
gross proceedings, 88. A confederacy of nobility formed against her, who take 
arms, 90. Is reduced to put herself into the
hands of the confederates, 91. Is conducted to Edinburgh anmidst the reproaches 
and insults of the people, 91. Is sent to the
Castle of Lochlevin, 92. An embassy sent by Elizabeth in her favor. 92. Four 
different schemes framed for the treatment' of
her by her subj; mts, 94. Pretensions to the regency, 95. Is- forced to resign 
the crown. and concur in a settlement of the
administration during her son's minority, 95. Ercapes from Lochlevin Castle, 97. 
An association formned, and all army
raised, in her favor, 97. Receives offers of assistance from Elizabeth, 97. Is 
defeated by Murray at Langside, 98. Retires to
England, craving protection from Elizabeth, 98. Is required by Elizabeth to 
clear 

Page 495 
INDEX. 495 herself from the murder of her husband, 100. Sends Lord Herries to 
declare her readiness to submit her cause
to Elizabeth, 101. Appoints commissior.ers on her part, 13)3. The conferences 
opened at York, 103. The secret reason of
the weak allegations llmade againsit her by!M,;urray, 105. Elizabeth transfers 
the cotnerences to Hampton Court, and adds
other coinmlissioners, 106. Murray accuses her imore expl citly, and her 
coInmissioners refuse to answer, 1107. Her letters
and sonnets to Bothwell produced, 1J8. Is directly charged with the murder by 
Hubert, Bothwell's servant, at his execution,
109. The result of the conference laid before the English privy council, 110). 
Elizabeth's reply to her commissioners, 110. Is
removed from Bolton to Tutbury, under the custody of the earl of Shrewsbury, 
111. Refuses to make any concessions, 112.
A marriage with the duke of Norfolk proposed to her, 120. Receives a letter 
fronl the earl of Leicester, recommending this
match, 122. Ieturns a favorable answer, 122. Is removed to' Coventry, and more 
strictly guarded, 125. Writes to Murray,
but receives no answer, 128. Her party strengthened by the death of Murray, 129. 
Receives terms for a tretty from
Elizabeth, which she agrees to, 130. Elizabeth evades this treaty, and convinces 
her of her insincerity, 132. Enters into the
duke of Noriolk's conspiracy, 151. Elizabeth remonstrates with her on her 
conduct, 154. Her party in Scotland s-u)pressed
by the influence of Elizabeth, 156. Her confinement rendered stricter by the 
apprehensions of Elizabeth, 171. Writes a
pathetic letter to Elizabeth, 192. HIer proposal of accommodation, 195. 
CGunterfeit letters writ in her name by the English
ministry, to discover her partisans, 197. Is committed to the custody of Sir 
Amias Paulet and Sir Drue Drury, 198. Desires
leave to subscribe Leicester's association for the queen's protection, 199. 
Enters into Babington's conspiracy, 220. Is
conveyed to Fotheringay Castle, 223. Her papers seized, 223. Her answer to the 
information of her approaching trial, 223.
Is prevailed on to submit to trial, 224. Is proved to have conspired against her 
son James, 225. The commissioners adjourn
to the star chamber, London, and sentence her to death, 229. Her last letter to 
Elizabeth, 231. Her behavior on beiiig
ordered to prepare for execution, 238. Is executed, 244. Her character, 244. 
Proofs of the authenticity of'hier letters to
B:ithwell, 532. The dountess of Shrewsbury's scandalous reports of Queen 
Elizabeth, conmmunicated by her to the queen,
533. Her resentment against her son for deserting her cause, 54'). Inquiry into 
the evidences of her engagement il
Babington's conspiracy, 541. Mary, Lady, daughter of James, duke of York, is 
marrie'd to the prince of Orange, vi. 151).
Concurs in. the settlement of the irown of England on the prince, her husband, 
362. Mass-tbook, reviewed and altered by
Henry VIII., iii. 277. Private masses abolished-by act of parliament, 341. The 
mass revived by Queen Miary, 392. Is finally
abolished by Queen Elizabeth, iv. 10. Massey, governor of Gloucester, for the 
parliament, his character, v. 250. Is be:sieged
by the king, 250. His vigorous defence, 254. Is relieved by the earl of Essex. 
25.5. Masters, Richard, vicar of Aldington, in
Kent, concerts the imposture of the holy maid of Kent, iii. 208. Confesses the 
artifice, and is punished, 210 Mathews, Toby,
case of his expulsion from parliament stated, iv. 559. Matilda, daughter of 
Malcolm III., king otf Scotland, married to King
Henry I. of England, i. 246., daughter of King Henry I., betrothed to the 
emperor Henry V. of Germany, i. 262 Married
afterwards to Geoffrey, son of Fulk, count of Anjou, 263. Brought to bed of 
Henry, 266. I-eceives the oath of fealty from
the Elnglish and Norman nobility, 266. Lands in England to assert her 
pretensions against Stephen, 278. Stephen taken
prisoner, 279. -Receives homage of the barons, 279. Gains over Ienry, bishop of 

Page 496 
498 IN=X Winchester, 280. Cultivates the favor of the clergy, 280. Her 
character, 281. Besieged ill Winchester, 282. Flies,
and exchanges Stephen Ibr her brothdr Robert, 282. Matriil1ony ordered to be 
solemniized by the civil mnagistrate, v. 442.
attu'ic'e, fiishop of London, crowlls hellry I., i. 242. -, elector of Saxony, 
the groulds of his quarrel with the empero Chairles
V., iii. 397. R aises anl army of Protestats againsllt lhi11, 397. lteduces 
Charles to grant a peace favorable to the
Protestanlts. 397. P-, Prince, son of the elector palatine, coiIes to Elllngil 
with his brother Rlupert, aid offers his assistance to
Charles I, v. 35. bee lRuplert. Is sent by the king with a reiuntbrcement ot 
cavalry illto the west, 245. Is shit)wiecked, 423.
priunce of Orange. See Orange. M'autravers and Glturl.nay, the keepers of the 
deposed king Edward II., inur der himi
cruelly by Mortiiier's orders, ii. 168.'1her tfates, 168. Al.x~iiillan, king of 
the Roinuans, his pretensions to the govenlllcllnt of
the Low Coraltries, how founded, illi. 21. al.rries Aznne, duchess of BUittany, 
3i!; who is afterwards forced inlto a larriage
with tlhe king otf France, 33. Makes peace with France, and obtlins restitltiorl 
of llS datughter's dowry, 37. His cotduct as
eiperor, 83. Joinis Piol0 Jullus II. il the league of Canibray againlst the 
Venetunias, 83. Calls a cuuncil at Pisa, ill conjunction
with Lewis, in opposition to the pope, 84. Detached firon the French initerest 
by Pope Leo X., 90. Coicludes an allialice
with Henry VIII. wid Ferdiland against France, 92. Serves under Henry, and 
receives pay froml hilll in his Flrenlchi
expedt-iion, 97. D)etaches himself from Hienry, ald allies with Sp. in and 
irance, 1!J3. His ineffectual invasion of Milan, and
treatxy wth it'iance and Venice, 114. His death, and the competition for the 
iimperial dignity, 119. Mayenne, duke of,
becolnes head of thle Catholic league, onil the assassination of his brother, 
the duke of Guise, iv. 273. llazarine, Cardinal,
succeeds Richelieu in the French ministry, in the iul/tkncy of Lewis- XIV., v. 
456. Tenmporizes with Croimwell, 457. lIis
coimpliment to Cromwell, 481. Concludes the treaty of the Pyreinees with tSpain, 
600. Refuses to see Charles II. of
Englaand, 530. Meal-tub pllot, vi. 217. Meaux besieged and taken by Henry V., 
ii. 368. Mledicis, Catharine de, her
infiuence in the court of France lessened by the enormous authority usurped by 
the duke of Guise and his brothers, iv. 31. Is
appointed regent, on the death of Francis II., during the ninority of Charles 
IX., 32. Her ill usage of Mlary, queen of Scots,
ilakes Blary think of returniing to Scotland, 33. Rtemarks on her:ij.an of 
ilternal admlinistration, 52. Is forced to embrace the
Gui.e party against the prince of Cond-,.53. Consents to ail accomnlmodation 
with the Protestallts, 60. Comes to an
agreement with Elizabeth, 6.1. Concerts, with Philip of Spain and the cardinal 
of Lorraine, a massacre of the Frenlch
Protestants, 71. See Hugoutots. Massacre of Paris, 157. bMedina Sidonia, du-ke 
of, is appointed to the coullmand of the
Spanish invincible armada, iv. 259. His instructions, 260(. Disobeys his orders, 
in sailing to attack the English fleet, 261. Is
worsted, aiid sails to Calais, 262. Is attacked and disconcerted by the English 
admir'al, 262. S;ails northward on his return,
and his fleet destroyed by a storni, 263. blelsvil, Jalnes, assassinates 
Cardinal Beaton, iii. 333. Hlis behavior sp plauded in
Knox's history, 333, -. --, Sir James, is sent ambassador from Mary, queen of 
Scotland, to Queen Elizabeth, iv. 64. His
instructions for negotiatioin, 64. Hlis account of his conversation with 
Elizabeth concerning his mistress, 64. His character of
Elizabeth on his return, 65. Is sent again to Elizabeth, to notify the birth of 
Prince Janes, 76. His account of Elizabeth's
behavior on this occasion, 77. -— /, RitRbert, is sont by the Protestant 
associatioAn in Scotland, called 

Page 497 
497 the Congregation of the Lord, to request assistance from Queen Elizabeth, 
iv. 2.5. Froposes to ilary a inalriage with the
duke of.Noriolk, 123. Meblller for counties, the first step toward.s sending 
theim to parllament, ii. 33. See Coim:nuons.
Merchants grallt illpositions- on merchandise to Edward I. in their private 
capacity, li. 518. Merchant Adventurers, the
society of, when first formed, ii. 141. Mylercia, the;Saxon kingdoml of, its 
extent, and by \wholn fuonled, i. 36. Its history
continued, 37. Merton, a synod called there, to establish ecclesiastical 
privileges, ii. 39'The resolutions of, annulled by the
pope, 39. Metz, inerfectually attacked by the emperor Charles V., iii. 397. 
Mlichelson, the Scots prophetess, somle account
of, v. 107. Middlesex, earl of, treasurer, his character, iv. 487. Is impeached 
by the meains of BuckinghaLn, 487. His fine
remitted, 487. Middleton, Earl, is sent collmissioner, on the restoration, to 
call a parliallellt in Scotland, vi. 13. His arbitrary
conduct, 67. His comllnission given to Lord bothes, 70. Milan, duchy of, subdued 
by the French, iii. 59. Maximilian Sforza
reinstated in that duchy, 90. Is attacked and conquered by Francis I. of France, 
113. The French driven out, 137. Is
invaded again under the admliral Bonnivet, 146. The city blockaded, 146. 
Boiilvet obliged to retire by the desertion of his
Swiss troops, 146. Is conquered by the imperialists under the duke of Bourbon, 
158. The investiture again granted to
Fraincis:Sforza, 180. The king of France renounces all claim to, 294. Mildinay, 
Sir xWalter, asserts the royal prerogative in
high terms to the house of commoruns, iv. 175. Military service, the origin and 
nature of, explained, i. 441. Changed into
pecuniary supplies, 461. Militia, the first establishment of, by Alfred, i.L65. 
Regulated by King Henry 11., 348. Feudal, the
inconveniences attending their service, to the kings who sunmmoned their 
attenldance, ii. 95. How their personal service
became changed into pecuniary supplies, 96. The consequences of!this alteration, 
100. Law of Queen Mary for the
regulation of, iii. 447.'State ot; during the reign of Queen Elizabeth, iv. 366. 
State of, itn the reign of Jamnes I., 512. A bill
framied by the commons and passed, taking it into their own hands, v. 215. King 
Charles's reply when pressed to pass it,
217. Is carried into execution, without his concurrence, 219..Establishment of, 
by parliament, on the restoration, yi. 32.
State of, between the restoration and revolution, 368. Mill, Walter, is burnt 
for heresy at St. Andrews, iv. 18. The
extraordinary zeal of the people in his favor, 18. 5Millenariaus, or Fifth 
Monarchy Men, are for abolishing all government,
after the death of Charles I., v. 386. Milton, John, his opinionl of tht monkish 
histories of Britain, i. 22. His character as a
writer, v. 529. His Paradise Lost, how first brought into notice, 529. Remarks 
on the fate of the author, 530. His death,
530. Nlitchel, a Scots fanatic, fires a pistol at the archbishop of St. Andrews, 
v. 165. His extraordinary treatment and
execution, 166. Mlise of Lewes, the treaty so termled, ii. 50. lM~ona. See 
Anglesea. Mloioarchies, hereditary and elective,
a comparative view of, under the feudil system, i. 449. iMonlaster.es, subjected 
entirely to the king's regulations, by the
parliament of Henry VIII., iii. 195. Reflections on their tendency, 217. 
Commission ers appointed to visit them, 218. Great
abuses charged tupon theni, 219 Several surrender their revenltes, 219. All 
nunls and friars, who required:dismission, set at
liberty, 219. The lesser, suppressed by parliament, 220. Discontents among the 
people, excited by the dispersed monks, 42 

Page 498 
498 INDEX. 234. The greater monasteries suppressed, 241. Reports of their scau. 
dalous abuses published to bring the
mermiory of them into contempt, 242. Their relics exposed, particularly the 
blood of Christ, 242. And rood of xGratce,
243. The number of them suppressed, and the amount of their revenues, 244. Tl'he 
hospitality exercised by them, 246. The
surrender of, coufirmod by parliamienit, 257.'Lhe abbots of Colchester, 
Readiiing, anrd Glastelburyv, executed for treason,
257. A curious passage fromi Coke's Institutes, reliatillg to the sulppressioni 
of, 46). Nionconto) r, battle of, between the
duke of Aijou and tile admiral Coligni, iv. 144. Ktoey, tile value of, among our 
Saxon ancestors, i. 174. Reflections on, 176.
The iiiterest it bore in the reign of Richard I., 483. Rerinarks onl the highest 
interest it bore in the tiiirteeirth century, ii. 65. A
view of the state of, in the reign of Henry V., 373. Tihe rate of, in the tiime 
of Heiiry VII., iii. 63, sn. The interest of, when
first fixed by law, 318. The interest of, how limited.in England and France, in 
the time of Queen Elizabeth, iv. 369.
bIoneyage, an explanation of the tax levied by the Anglo-Norman kings under that 
name, i. 462. When abolished, 462.
MIonlk, General, commands for the parliarnent in Dundalk, in Ireland, where his 
garrison mutinies against him, and delivers
tile place up to Orimond, v. 393. Is left by Cromiwell to complete the reduction 
of Scotland, 416. Reduces Stirling Castle,
and sends the records of Scotland to London, 425.'Takes Dundee, and puts the 
inhabitants to the sword, 425. Rteduces the
kingrdom to obedience to the commlonwealth, 4235. Commniands at sea under Blke, 
iIn an engagement with the Dutch,
431. Defeats tihe Dutch fleet under Tromp, wvho is killed; 446. His ftmtlily 
amid history, il)1. His behavior to his brother,
who came to engage himt 1i the royal cause, 504.- Resolves to mnarch iiito 
England, 505. AdI:ances without orders, 507.
His message to the parlianlent, from St. Albats, 508. Arrives in \Vestninster, 
508. His reply to the thanlks of parliarment,
508. Executes the orders of the parliament in apprehending the refractory 
citizens, 56)9. Orders the parliament to dissolve,
and calls a new one; and unites with the citizens, 510.'Communicates his 
intentions to Sir-John Granville, 513. Advises
Charles II. to leave Spain for Holland, 513. Secures the commanders in Ireland 
in the king's interest; 514. Receives the king
at Dover, 518. Is created- duke of Albemarle, vi. 2. See Albemarle. Monks; 
British, great slaughter of, by Adelfrid king of
Northumberland,i. 32. Saxon, characterized, 84. Their address in working 
miracles, 98. See Monasteries. Monkish
historians, character of, i. 21. MLonmouth, James, duke of, his birth and 
character, vi. 195. His illegitimacy declared by the
king in council, 196. Defeats the Scots Covenanters at Bothwell Bridge, 211. Is 
deprived of his command, and sent abroad,
by the influence of the duke of York, 216. Comes over without leave, 218. 
Presents a petition against calling the parliament
at Oxford, 236. Engages in a conspiracy against the kinlg, 261. Absconds upon 
the discovery of it, 265.' Is pardonied,
2753. Is banished, 276. Invades England on the accession of James II., 293. Is 
attainted by parliament, 293. Instances of
his misconduct, 294. Is defeated at Sedgemnore, 295. Is executed, 236. 
MIonopolies, enormous grants of, by Queen
Elizabeth, iv. 335. The pernicious tendency of these grants, 350. Debates in the 
house of comnlrons conceriling, 552. Chief
part of the national trade engrossed by exclusive companies rand patents in the 
reign of James I., 394. An act passed
against, 486. Are revived by Charles I., v. 75. Monothelites, their-heresy 
condemned in a synod at Hatfield, i. 5Q. Monson,
Sir William, commands under Admiral Sir Richard Levison, in an expedition to the 
coast of Spain, ivi 89 

Page 499 
I-NDEX; 499 Montacute,.brother of the earl of tVarwick, defeats the Lancastrians 
at Hexhanm, ii. 451. Gains a battle with
the insurgents in Yorkshire, 458. Created a nmarquis, 459. Leagues with his 
brother Warwick against Kil'g Edward, 463.
Encourtages his men to change sides, and diives Edwiard from his own calmp, 464. 
Monrtague, Edward, a nierlbei of the
house of commons, the arbitrary speech of leiiry VII. to him, iii. 456., Sir 
LEdward, chiei ju.,tice of the common pleas, is
ordered by Edward VI., Wvith other judges, to prepiare a deed for the 
successionl of Lady J;lne jral-, ili. 36'. Is abtlserd by
Dudley, duke of Northumberlanld, for r'efusing, 3562. tlis exl)edienlt for the 
security of himself and the othler par ties, 382.
-------—, Addilnal is sent with  a squadron to the Baltic, to mediate between 
Sweden and Denmark, v. 499. Quits his
station to. assist Sir George Booth and the royalists inl their intended rising, 
which fails, 512. Obtains, writh lonllk, the joint
coimmiand of the fleet, 512. Carries the fleet to Holland, to bring Charles iI. 
over, 518. Is created earl of Sandwich, vi. 2.
See Sandvich..-.., ainmbassador at Paris, secretly negotiates with France, and 
treacherously receives a large bribe froIn
Barillon, the minister of that court, vi. 15b, n. Rteturus without leave, and 
produces Danby's letter to tthe house of
cormmons, 188. MIontargis, besieged by the earl of Warwick, ii. 384. Raised by 
the count' oh Dtuois, dul. AlMoteagle,
Lord, receives intimation of the gunpowder plot, iv. 403. Commirunicates it to 
Lord Salisbury, 4;i3. Montecuculi, the
imperial general, joins the prince of Orange, and obliges Lewis XIV. to abanldon 
his conqutests in the Low Countrries, vi.
121 Moi1tf.rt, 8iirunon de, appoanited a genlerai of the cu.usade published by 
Pope nlllnocenlt 1i. aglillst the Albigenses, i.
415. For his soni, see Leicester. Miontmollrency, Constaole, comlllalnds the 
French arrny agair;st the Sp;uish undler-
Iiiiii;e-t, duke of &avoy, iii. 4.37. Is defeated, rlid talkeii prisoner at thle 
battle of St. Quliltin, 437. His sentiments on tile
maariage of the dauphin with the queen of Scotland, iv. 24. Joins the nduke o(f 
Gurise agaillst the prince of Colndu,
52.'alkes Rouen florn the Protestants, 55. Is takeu prisoner by the Protestants 
at the battle of Dreux, 55. Is released by
treaty, 59. Besieges Havre de Grace, 69. lakes it by capitulation, 61. Is killed 
at the bittle of St. Denis, 143. Molltreville, the
Flirenclhanbassador, prevails -ith Charles I. to seek pro. tection in the Scots 
army, v. 322. Monitrose, earl of, his first
introduction to Charles I., v. 300. Is imprisoned in Scotland for his 
attachmssent to the king, 301. Procures Duke llamil.
ton's disgrace with the kllg, 302. Negotuttes for Irish troops, to iriake a 
diversion in Scotland, 3 2. Defeats Lord Elcho, 3)3.
Defeats Lord Butlley, 3)3. Routs Argyle's forces, and is joined by great numbers 
of them, 3:J5. TIkes and plunders Dundee,
3;i5. Defeats Urrey anrd Baillie, 83. Deteats the Covenanlters at Kiil;yth, 315. 
Is conquered by ])avid Lesley, 316. Retires
abroad, 325. Iaises levies to assist Charles 11., 4)3. Lands iii Scotland, is 
defeated, and taken prisoner, 403. His cruel
treattilellt, 41)4. Is executed, 406. Morcar aind Edlwin rebel aiga;nst the 
injustice of Tosti, duke of Northum.. uberlalld,
i.'186.'Morcar justifies. their cause, alnd is made duke, 136. Head the English 
against the Niornians, after the battle of
Hisstings, 179. Submrit to William the Conqueror, 182. Attend him to,Normlandy, 
18-1. Excite a rebellion in the north,
189. Reduced, 190. Their deaths, 2)1. More, bir T'homas, remarks on his account 
of Jane Shore, ii. 526. WVhen speaker
of the house of commons, joins the persuasions of Cardinal Wolsey to obtain the 
grants to Henry VIII., iii. 141. The great
seal taken from Wolsey, and committed to him, 176. Resigns the great seal 

Page 500 
MO INDEX. or. the prospect of alterations in religion, 189. Refuses to subscribe 
the oath regulaiting the successioIl of
the'crown eijoitied by parliatnt nt, 197. Is attainted by parliament, 198. His 
cruel persecultioll of JLames Bailnba;r for
heresy, 2:6. Is tried and executed for denying the king's supremacy, 212. Mlore, 
IRoger, an Irish gentleman, forms a
conspiracy to expel the English frolu Ieland, v. 17'3. liis design of seizing 
the Castle of Dublin dlscovered, 182, Is shocked at
the barbarities of O'Neale, abandons tile cause, and retires to F1lan.ders, 
18.5. Morrice, attorney of the court of wards,
makes a motion in the house of conlllons against abuses of ecclesiastical power, 
iv. 279. Is divested of his employlments,
and,imprisoned, 28). -., a gentleman of Devonshire, is the onl{, friend with 
whom General,Monk consulted concernilg the
restoration' of. Charles II., v. 612. Is made secretary of state by the king, 
vi. 2. Nlortlmelr, RlIoger, his history, ii. 162. H1is
first acquaintance with Isabella, queen to Edward II., 162. HIis intimacy *with 
her, 162. Joins Isabella in a conspiracy
against the king, 163. Invades England with her, 164. Procures the death of the 
earl of Arundel and the chancellor Baldoc,
16,5. Takes the kinlg out of Leicester's custody, and delivers hiin to Lord 
Berkeley, PMautravers, and Gournay, 167.
Orders the two latter to lmurder hinm, 168. Attends Edward Ill in his arimy, to 
oppose the Scots, antd checks his ardor to
engage theml 181. Arrogttes to himself all aauthority in government, 181. 
Concludes a treaty with tRobert Bruce, 182. His
mleasures to disappoint any combinations against hitn, 182. Contrives the 
destruction of the earl of Kent, 183. Is seized by
the king, 184. Tried and executed, 184. -, Roger, earl of Marche, declared 
successor by Richard II., ii. 330, Killed in
Ireland, 3.18. His sons kept prisoners in Windsor Castle by Henry IV., 327. 
Mortimler's Cross, battle of, between Jasper
Tudor, earl of Pembroke, and Edward, dtuke of York, ii. 440. Molrtmaiin, the 
first statute of, when passed, ii. 139. The
probable motives of Edward I. inthis law, 139. How eluded in the time of Richard 
II, 322. MIorton, John, his character, iii.
11. Becomes confidant of Ilenry VII., 11. Makde archbishop of Canterbury, 11. 
Created a cardinal, 52. -—,'earl of,
chancellor of Scotlaid; -becoines jealous of David Rizzio, iv. 74. Advises 
Darnley to get him cut off, 74. LTakes the
coronation oath in the name of the ourng Iilng James VI., 9.). Is appointed 
coinmissioner in the cause of Mary, 1()3. l:ow he
became ipossessed of a casket of Mary's letters, 10(9. Is appointed by the Scots 
parliament a coiunissionier to manage a
treaty with Elizabeth concerning. Mlary, 131. Is dismissed by Elizabeth without 
concluding on any thitng, 132. Is chosen
regent oil the death of the earl of Malrre, 1,55. Resigns the regenc: itito the 
hands of the young king, and retires, 177.
Returns, and resules anl influence over governiilent, 177. Is tried a-ld 
condemned for being an accomplice in I)arnley's
murder, by the influence of thle earl of Lenox, 178. His execution hastened by 
tthe interposition of Elizabeth, 179.
)&ountfort. count de, half brother to John, the third duke of Brittainy, 
acknowiedges Charles de Blois as successor to that
duchy, ii. 212. E}ndcavors to acquire possession of the duchy, 212. Engages 
Edward III. of Etiglatld to patronlize his
pretensionls, 213. Goes to P'aris to plead his cause, 213. Is taken and confined 
in the Tower of the Louvre, 213. See the
next article.... —.. Janle, countess of, her vigorous efforts to support her 
husband's interest inI Brittaiiy, ii. 213. Is besieced
biv Charles de Blois at Ilemiumebonne, 214. Her vigorous defence, 214. is 
relieved by an English fleet, 216. Goes to
England to solicit furthersuccors, 215. Edward goes ove 

Page 501 
INDEX. 501 to Brittanty in person, 216. A truce concluded for three years; 217. 
Takes Charles de Blois prisoner, 23). Her
son utotains possession of Brittany, alld i's acknowld,(ged by' t'rlrince, 256. 
loutltjoy, Lr'd, i)roteit.i aa;int- the iil estatlishing
a conlcil to judge oicfes'cs aa'suifi.t the killn's prol llat.onl S - the onl11 
prote,~t againit aiti pthe b,1 drin'li tie reign ot fleiry'
Il., iei. 2- 7.. —...., Lord, is senit 1,'d dillputy to ireland, onI the 
precipitate return of the eial; of E.L:,ex, iv. 315. )Drives
Tyrone iid his p.it) into tile %roods anid ilr.ts.ses, t1o. lii sacces.-ei 
arsaist the rebels, 332. Relduces the Spalia'ds, and
defeats'y Itrone, 334. Tyrole surrenders hilllelf up to Mloiwiay, John de, 
ejected fiom his inheritance of the baroiy of Gower
by Edwarld I., at tle instanc.e or HtLh le De.spenser, ii. 157. ---—, R,,obert, 
earl of Northiuollierland, exc;tes a conspiracy
against \Nilliaim lttt'ilu, i. 122. Dlies in cofitnemient, 225. louunster, 
bishop of, ilivades the Dutch. territories at the instigation
of C'llarles II., but makes peace with the states, vi. 44. AMirden, his-account 
of the military force- of Englanld at the time of
the Spanish arnlada, iv. 363. Marder, a list of the legal compositions for, 
among our Saxon ancestors, i. 169. Mu,.rray, earl
of, appointed by Robert Bruce joint commander of' the Scots army with Lord 
Douglas, invad uag England onl the death of
Edvward II., ii. 179. His reply to the defiance of Edward IIl., 180. Retires 
home, 181. Is appointed guardian to David
BrUce, 186. Dies, 187..- -, Lord James, created earl of, aiid enjoys the chief 
authority under Mlar,, queen of Scotland, iv.
36. Becoimes discontented at the marriage of Minly with Lord Darnley, 68. Joins 
a: coiifederacy of imalcontents at Stirlin-,
6.. Is ill used by Elizabeth on the occasion,. 70. 1s reconciled to Mlary, 75. 
Obtains leave to retire into France, 91. Is
appointed regent on the: first resignation of Mary, 95. Arrives, and treats Mary 
harshly, 96. Suminnons a parlianient, which
condemns Mary to imprisonment, 96.fi Demolishes the fortress of Dunbar, 96. 
Raises forces on Miary's escape from
Lochlevin Castle, 98. Defeats her at Lang-side, 98. Is required by Elizabeth to 
justify his conduct towards Mary, 10)1.
Promises to come with other commissioners, to submit his cause to Elizabeth, 
101. Is appointed a: commnnissioner by the
kingdom for this purpose, 1:3. The secret reasons of the weakness of his 
allegations against.Mary, 105. Lays his full
evidences privately before the Eiglish coilmmissioners, and requests El.zabeth's 
protection, 105. Proposes querires to
Elizabeth, 106. The conferences transferred to Hampton- Court, 107. Accuses Mary 
more explicitly, 107. Her
commissioners refuse to reply, 107. I'rdduces Mary's letters to Bothwell, with 
tile confession of Hubert, 1)8. Is dsmiissed by
Elizabeth, with a loan for his charges, 1.1!. Proposes to the-duke of N1orfolk a 
rnmarriage with Mary, 12). His political
motives in this proposal, 12). Discovers Norfolk's design to Elizabeth, 123. Is 
assassinated, 129. His character, 129.
Vindicated from the accusations of Queen 2Mary and her advocates, 535. Mluscovy, 
a profitable trade established with, iii.
447. An enmbassy arrives froii, to Queen Marv, 447. An exclusive trade with, 
granted to the English, iv. 365. This privilege
withdrawn, 365. Najriit, batttle of, between Edward the Black Prince and Henry 
de Trains taiiare, ii. 2a9. Name6,
-Christian, strange modification of, aat the time of the common. wealth, v. 442, 
n. Nantz, the edict of, revoked by Lewis
XIV., vi. 395. Naples, conquered by the joint force- of France and Spain, iii.. 
82. -Seized by the latter, 83. Naseby, b.ittle
uo, between Chaxles I. and the generals Fah'fax undc Cronx well,.. 310 

Page 502 
INDE. Ntavarre,-situation of that kingdom, iii. 87. Crafty invasion of, by 
Ferdi. nand of Spain, 88. -----—, Anthony, king
of, is excluded from all office and favor at the court of France by the 
influence of the Guise family, iv. 31. Declares in favor
of the Protestants, 31. Is made lieutenant-general of the kingdom on the 
accession of Charles IX., 32. Joins the duke of
Guise against the Protestants, 52. Is mortally wounded at the siege of Rouen, 
54., Henry, prince of, -is placed by Coligni at
the head of the Protestants after the defeat of Jarnac, iv, 143. Is married to 
Margaret, sister to Charles, 157. His mother
poisoned by order of the court, 157. Is obliged by Charles to renounce the 
Protestant religion as the price of his life,
during'the massacre of Paris, 158. Flies from tfhe court, and places himself 
again at the head of the Hugonots, 162. Defeats
the king at Coutras, 272. Obtains the crown of France on the death of Henry 
III., 273. See Henry IV. Navigation act, one
of this nature rejected by Henry VI., ii. 444. Is passed by the commonwealth 
parliament, v. 428. Is suspended by Charles
II., vi. 96. Navy, English, state of, in the time of Queen MvIary, iii. 446. The 
improvement of, by Queen Elizabeth, iv. 367.
Harrison's account of her navy, 556. A view of the state of, during the reign of 
James I., 513. The number of seamen then
employed in the merchants' service, 514. Account of the state of, from the 
restoration to the revolution, vi. 369. Naylor,
James, a Quaker, his extravagances, v. 523. Is restored to his senses by 
punishment, 523. Nazan Leod, the British chief,
defeated by Cerdic the Saxon, i. 18. Neile, bishop of Lincoln, occasions 
disputes between the two houses of parliament, by
reflecting on the commons, iv. 433. Anecdote of him, 435. Nero, emperor, sends 
Suetonius Paulinus over to Britain, i. 6.
Recalls him, 7. Netherlands, the foreign commerce of England, at the time of 
Henry VIII., confined to those countries, iii.
313. The arbitrary and severe behavior of the emperor Charles V. towards the 
Protestants there, iv. 147. The duchess of
Parma left governess of, by Philip, 147. The Flemish exiles become masters of 
the Brille, 165. Revolt of Holland and
Zealand, 165. See Orange. Duke of Alva recalled, 166. The treaty called the 
Pacification of Ghent, 168. - A treaty
concluded with Elizabeth, 169. The duke of Anjou is sent to their assistance, 
186. Anjou expelled for an attempt on their
liberties, 190. See United Provinces. Spanish, rapid conquests -of Lewis XIV. 
in, vi. 61. Settlement of, by the triple league,
and treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, 65. Dutch, overrun by Lewis XIV., 104. Nevil, Sir 
John, executed for an insurrection in
Yorkshire, iii. 267. Neville, the power, connections, and branches of that 
family, ii. 418. Honors bestowed on, by Edward
IV., 459. -—, XHugh de, a fine paid to the king by his wife, for leave to pass a 
night with him while in prison, i. 466.
Neville's Cross, battle of, between Queen Philippa and David, kling of Scotland, 
ii. 233. Neustria, a province in France,
granted to Rollo the Dane, i. 107. See Normandy. Newark is besieged by the 
parliamentary forces, but relieved by Prince
Rupert, v. 273. Surrenders to the Scots army by the king's order, 323. Neulmtrn, 
Lord (onway routed there, by the Scots
Covenanters, v. 122. Newbury, battle of, between Charles I. and the earl of 
Essex, v. 255. See ond battle of, 280.
Newcastle, the first charter granted to the inhabitants of, to dig coal, ii. 69. 
Is taken by storm by the earl of Leven, the Scots
general, v. 278. ~ —----—, earl of, commands for the king in the north of 
England, and takes possession of York, v 241. Is
created marquis, 257. Is repulsed in an attack upon Hull, 258. Is besieged in 
York by the parliamentary 

Page 503 
INDEX 6503 army, 275. Leaves the kingdom in disgust, after the battle of Marston 
AMool, 277. New England, the colony
of, how peopled, v. 527. New Forest, how and when made, i. 214. Remarkable 
accidents happening to the family of
William the Conqueror in, 238. Newfoundland, first discovery of, iii. 76. New 
York is taken from the Dutch by Sir Robert
Holmes, vi. 38. Is ceded to the English by the treaty of Breda, 55. Newton, the 
mathematician and philosopher, his
character, vi. 374 HIis death, 374. Nicholas, Sir Edward, is made secretary of 
state by Charles II., on his restoration, vi. 2.
Is displaced by the influence of the duchess of Cleveland, 33. Nileguen, 
congress there, under the mediation of Charles II.,
vi. -10, Peace concluded there, 158. The treaty ratified, 159. Nobility, Saxon 
and Norman, wherein they differed, i. 162.
The titles of, sold to supply James I. with money, iv. 432. Non addresses, the 
vote of, passed by the long parliament, v.
354. Is repealed, 359. Nonconformists, their ministers ejected out of their 
livings, vi. 27. Fivemile act, 45. Act against
conventicles, 80. Declaration of indulgence, 95. The declaration recalled, 116. 
A bill for their relief passed, 117. See
Puritans. Norfolk, an insurrection there, against enclosures, headed by Ket, a 
tanner, iii. 357. The insurgents defeated by
Dudley, earl of Warwick, 358. ~ —--—, duke of, challenges his accuser, the duke 
of Hereford, ii. 305. The duel prevented
by Richard II., 306. Banished for life, 306. Bigod, Roger, earl of, is appointed 
agent for Henry Ill. to the council of Lyons, ii.
22. Objects to King John's right of subjecting England to the supremacy of Rome, 
22. His address to Henry 1lI. on the
parliament assembling in armor, 32. Is gained over to. the royal party, by 
Prince Edward, 45. Refuses to serve in the
expedition to Gascony, and quarrels with the king, 114. Refuses to attend the 
king to Flanders, 114. A new mareschal
appointed in his place for that service, 114. He and the earl of Hereford 
present a remonstrance to him -on his departure,
115. Demands of parliament a confirmation of the charters, and indemnity for 
himself, which are granted, 116. Obtains a full
con firmation of them from the king on his return, 117..... —, earl of, brother 
to -Edward II., engages with Queen Isabella in
a conspiracy against him, ii. 163., duke of, resigns his office of treasurer, 
and retires from court, iii. 109., duke of, opposes
the progress of the reformation, iii. 204. From what motives he became an enemy 
to his niece Queen Anne Boleyn, f226.
Presides as high steward on her trial, 226. Is commissioned to suppress Aske's 
insurrection, termed the Pilgrimage of Grace,
237. His prudent measures to distress the insurgents, 237. Prevails on them to 
disperse, 238. Routs another insurrection,
and puts their officers to death, 239. Proposes the framing of the bill of six 
articles to the house of lords, 253. The repartee
of one of his chaplains to him, concerning the celibacy c f priests, 461. 
Procures a commission to commit Cromwell to the
rower, 263. Influences the king to a cruel persecution of heretics, on his niece 
Catharine Howard becoming queen, 267. Is
appointed to command in the war against Scotland, 279. Attends Henry in his 
invasion of France, 293. Is checked by the
king in a scheme of ruining Cranmer, 300. A review of his services and honors, 
304. Is, with his son the earl of Surre-y,
committed to the Tower, 306. Surrey executed, 3106. Is attainted by the 
parliament, 306. Ordered for execution, but saved
by the king's death, 307. Is released from confinement by Queen Mary, 391. hiis 
attainder.roversed by parliament, 395.
Advises Miary to 1he Spanish 

Page 504 
5 04 I~xxx. alliance, 398; Is sent to suppress Wiat's insurrection: inX ent, but 
is forced to retire by a desertion of his troops,
402. Norfolk, the young duke of, is appointed lieutenant of the northern court 
ties by-Lueen llizabeth, iv. 27. Is appointed
one of the comliissioners ill the caruse between Miary, qu'een of Scots, and 
Murray, the regent, 103. Entertains hopes of
marrying tMary, 106. Transmits Murray's qnuries to ELlizabeth, 106. His 
cltaracter, 119. A marriage with Mary propo.ed
to hinl by Murray, 120. Obtains the countenance of several of the Inobility to 
this scheme, 121. Secures the concurrence of
France and Spain, 123. Receives intinmations from the queen of her knowledge of 
his negotiations, 123. Endeavors to
discredit the reports raised against him to the queen, 124. Is commnitted: to 
the Tower, and his friends taken into custody,
124. Is released, on promise of thinking no further of Mary, i27. Renews his 
correspondence with Mary; 151. Enters into a
conspiracy with the duke c'f Alva against Elizabeth, 1651. Hi3 scheme discovered 
by Lord Burleigh, 1,52. Is tried 1.53.
Executed, 153. Norhain, Castle of, conference there, between Edward I. and the 
Scots parliament, to determiine the right of
the crown of Scotland, ii. 86. Norlnans, origin of the naime, i. 52. Their first 
invasions of France, 52. And England. See
William. Their character, 140, 244. Normiian barons conspire against William the 
Conqueror, i. 202. Suppiessed, 20)4.
Instance of their.votilng in English councils, 308. Normandly, settled by Rollo 
the Daine, i. 107. History of his successors,
1)8. William, duke of, obtains the crovon of Englaind, 181. See Williain the 
Conqueror; and Robert. Invaded by Philip of
France, on the news of Richard I. being imprisoned in Germany, on his return 
from the crusade, 383. Philip repulsed at
Rotten by thecearl of Leicester, 383. John invested witr. the duchy of, on his 
brother Richard's death, 395..Laid under an
interdict on account of the bishop of Beauvais's captivity, who is surrendered, 
396. Two Brabanq-ons left governors of it,
by John, on his leaving it, 404. Recovered by Philip, 405. The states of, how 
composed, 45,. Formally ceded to Lewis IX.
by Henry Il. of England, ii. 38. Is suddenly invaded by Edward III., 22'0. Caen 
seized and plundered, 221. Calais taken,
233. Is invaded by four French armies, 414. Finally reduced to the-government of 
France, 415. Norris, Sir John, joins Sir
Francis Drake in his expedition to Portugal, iv. 266. Commands the English 
forces sent to reduce Brittany for Henry IV.,
286. Is sent to reduce insurrections in-Ireland, 286. Is deceived by the 
treacherous negotiations of Tyrone, and dies of
vexation, 307. North-west passage, three attempts for thi, discovery of, made by 
Sir Martin Frobisher, iv. 365. Davis's
Straits discovered, 365. Attempts for the discovery of, made in the reign of 
James I., 516. Northanipton, a council called
there, by King Henry II., in:which Thomas.a Becket is condemned, i. 307. Battle 
of, between: Lenry VI. and the earl
of'Warwick, ii. 436. Northumberland, history of the Saxon kingdom of, i. 31..-. 
—--, earl of, defeats Earl Douglas at
Homieldon, ii. 331. Rebels against Henry IV., and leagues with the Welsh and: 
Scots, 332. His son defeated:aiand killed by
the king, 334. His submission accepted, 334. Retires to Scotland, and is- killed 
in an irruption into England, 336. ------- -
-—, Dudley, earl of Warwick, madde duke of, iii. 372. Determiines to ruin 
Somerset, 373. Causes Somerset, his duchess,
and friends, to be arrested, 373. Trial and execution of Somerset, 373. 
Endeavors to get Tonstal, bishop of Durham,
attainted, but is disappointed-by the commons, 377. His measures in the calling 
of a new parliament, 378. His
representations-: to induce the king to alter the succes sion, 380. Places his 
own emissaries about the king, 381. Abuses the
Chief justice, Sir Edward lMontague, for refusing to dratw the deed of 
settlement. for; Lady TJane Gray, 382. — Procures
-the patent to-be,-passed. 

Page 505 
883. Endeavors to get the two princesses Mary and Elizabeth, into his power, 36. 
Proclaills the lady Jane Gray, 387. Is
disconcerted at the bad aspect of a'tairs,;333. l'ake.i the coll, aind of the 
tlrllly, 369. is deser'ed by his ariny, and proclaiins
Queeun tary, 389. Is apprehelle ded, 39u. Is t led and executed, 39. 
Northulnhberland, earlof, olfers to release Mary, queen
of Scots, fiom her Con inelient in Elgland, iv. 123. Enters into a negotintion 
v. ith the diuke d'A( va, and raises an insurrection
with the earl of West:norelaiild in the norlth, 125. Is ttken by Mlurray, anld 
confined in the Castie of Lichlevin, 12a. Is
delivered up and executed, 154., earl of, is sent oy Culartes i. to coimmiand 
his army against hth Scots, v. 12 Retie om
Newcastle on tihe rot of Lord Conway at Newburn, 122. The command, by his 
illness, devolves on Strari;rd, 123. Joins the
parliamient against the kinlg, 228. Retires to his seat, 253. -------------—, 
extract of some curious particulars from a
household book of an old earl of that fatlily, iii. 453. Norway, maid oi. See 
Margaret. Norwich, bishop of, leads out a
crusade against the Clementines, ii. 323. ~ —, John, Lord, is besieged by the 
duke of Normandy ihn Anigoulemle, ii 21. 21
i. s stratagenm to save the garrison, 219. Nottinghalm, counltess ot, discovers, 
on her death-bed, to Queen Elizabeth, her
treachery to the earl of Essex, iv. 341..-...; ——, earl of, aind lord high 
admiiral, is sent to Spain, to ratify the peace with, iv.
398. Sentinients of the Spaniards at sight of this train, 39. Nova Belgia taken 
from the Dutch by Sir Robert Holmes, vi. 38.
See New York. Sowel, chaplain to Queen Elizabeth, openly:reproved by her for 
speaking irreverenitly of the sign of the
cross, iv. 118, it. Oates, Titus, Ihis account of a Popish plot, vi. 173. Hiis 
birth and character, 175. Is examined before the
couilicil, 176. Incoinsistencies of his narrative pointed out, 178. Obtains a 
pension, 184. His evidence against Lord Stafford,
229. Is heavily fined for calling the duke of York a Popish traitor, 274. Is 
convicted and sentenced for perjury, 292. Oath,
ex officio, arbitrary administration of, by the court of ecclesiasticas 
coinomission, iv. 262. Obda.l, the Dutch admiral, is killed
in an engagement with the duke of York, vi. 40. Odo, bishop of Baieux, uterine 
brother to William the Conqueror, left i)int
administrator of the kingdom, with Williamr Fitzosberne, duriing his brother's 
absence in Normandy, i. 184. Aspires to the
popedom, 214. Seized by William, and conlfiled duriIlg his reign, 215. Ellgages 
ill a con'spiracy against William Rufus, 221.
Offa, kinc of Mlercia, his desceat, i. 37. Succeeds Ethelbald, 37. His wars, 38. 
His treacherous murder of Ethelbert, king of
the East Angles, 38. His pious deeds of expiation, 38. Imposes the tax of 
Peter's pence, 38. Endows a rich monastery at St.
Albans, 38. Enters into an alliance with Charlemagne, 39. Makes a rampart 
against the Welsh, 39f.n. Okey, Colonel, one of
the king's judges, is seized in Holland, brought home, and executed,' vi. 24. 
His character, 24. Olave the Daie, his character,
i. 103. Contirmed by English bishops, and canonized by the church of Rome, 103, 
104. Old inan of the mountains. See
Assassins. Oldcastle, Sir John. See Cobhain. O'Neal, Owen, enters into a 
conspiracy with Rinuccini, the pope's legate,
against the lord lieutenant Ormond, v. 391. Enters into a correspondence with 
the parliamentary generals, 392. Is reduced
by Cromrwell 396. VOL. VI. 43 

Page 506 
506 INDEX. O'Neale, Hugh. See Tyrone. - ---—, Sir Phelim, engages in Roger 
More's conspiracy to expel the:English
from Ireland, v. 180. His cruel massacre of the English in Ulster, 182. Forges a 
commission from the king for his
insurrection, 187. Is taken and executed by Ireton, 424. --—, Shan, his history 
and character, iv. 304. Orange, prince of,
taken prisoner by the French on the defeat of the duke of Brittany, iii. 27. 
Gained over and released, to persuade the young
duchess to a marriage with the French kinig, 32. ---—, William, prince of, is 
condemned as a rebel, and his possessions
confiscated by the duke of Alva, iv. 165. Unites the towns of Holland and 
Zealand into a league against the Spanish
government, 166. Sends an embassy to implore the assistance of Elizabeth, 167. 
Concludes the treaty called the Pacification
of Ghent, 168. Concludes a treaty with Queen Elizabeth, 169. Is assassinated by 
Gerard, 205. - -, Maurice, prince of,
succeeds the earl of Leicester in the government of the United Provinces, iv. 
252. He gains the battle of Tournholt, 287.
Renews the war with Spain on the expiration of the truce, 490. -----—, William, 
prince of, is married to the princess Mary
of England, v. 172. _ — -, William, prince of, is educated by John de Wit, vi. 
100. His character, 100. Is appointed general
and admiral of the United Provinces, 101. Is madestadtholder, 109. Unites the 
Dutch to oppose the conquests of Lewis
XIV., 112. Is joined by the imperial general Montecuculi, and obliges the French 
to abandon the Low Countries, 121. His
obstinate battle with the prince of Cond6 at Seneffe, 131. Is unable to prevent 
the loss of Bouchaine, 140. Is defeated by
the French at St. Omers, 144. -Comes over to England to marry the princess Mary, 
149. The marriage concluded, 150.
Concerts with Charles the plan of peace, 151. Attacks the French army the day 
after signing the peace of Nimeguen, 159.
Remarks on his conduct with respect to English affairs, 330. Forms a league 
against Lewis XIV., 331. Refuses to concur in
the designs of James II., 332. His reply to the king's solicitations, by Fagel, 
333. His instructions to Dykevelt, his envoy to
England, 334. Applications made to him by the English, 335. Is formally invited 
over to England by the principal men, 336.
The motives which induced him to listen to the overtures of the English, 336. 
His preparations to oppose King James, 337.
His declaration published, 342. Embarks, 343. Lands at Torbay, 344. Declines 
treating with the commissioners, and
marches for London, 348. Orders the king, on his return after his first flight, 
not to approach London, 351. Is desired by the
peers to assume the government, and to summon a convention, 354. Summons the 
convention, 354. Summons a convention
at Edinburgh, 355. Receives an offer of the crown of Scotland, 355. His conduct 
during the meeting of the convention
parliament, 361. His declaration to a meeting of peers, 361. The crown settled 
on him and the princess, 362. Ordainers, a
council of, formed in the reign of Edward II. by the barons to govern the 
nation, ii. 147. Ordinances framed by, 148. Aim
particularly at Piers Gavaston, and banish him, 148. Ordeal, in the Anglo-Saxon 
law, the several species of, i. 172.
Ordinance, the self-denying one, passed by the long parliament, v. 287. Orkney, 
Earl Bothwell made duke of, iv. 86. The
bans ordered to be published between him and Queen Mary, 86. Is married to her 
by the bishop of Orkney, 88. Endeavors
to get Prince James into his power, 90. Is opposed by a confederacy of nobles 
formed against him, 91, Flies to the
Orkneys, and subsists by piracy, 91. Escapes to Denmark, where he dies miserably 
in prison, 91. ---—, bishop of, marries
Mary, queen of Scots, to Bothwell, iv. 88. Is appointed one of the commissioners 
in her cause, on the part- of the king aad
kingdom, 103. 

Page 507 
INDEX. 507 Orleans, city of, besieged by the earl of Salisbury, ii. 355. 
Succeeded by'he earl of Suffolk on his death, 386.
Cannon first successfully applied at this siege, 386. Battle of Herrings, 387. 
The duke of Burgundy recalls his troops from
the siege, 387. Distress of the town and garrison, 387. Joan d'Arc enters it 
with a convoy, 392. A second conlvoy enters
unmolested, 392. The English repulsed from several of their posts, 393. 
Amazement of the besiegers, 393. The siege raised,
394. See Joan d'Arc. Is besieged by the duke of Guise, iv. 59. Guise 
assassinated there, 59. -, Lewis, duke of, disputes the
administration of affairs with th( duke of Burgundy, on the insanity of Charles 
VI., ii. 351. Reconcilia tion between them,
351. Assassinated by the duke of Burgundy, 351 For his natural son, see Dunois. 
----—, duke of, taken prisoner aat the
battle of Azincour, ii. 358. Obtains a neutrality for his demesnes, 387. Ransoms 
himself, 408. -. ——, Lewis, duke of,
disputes the administration of France during the minority of Charles VIII., with 
the princess Anne of Beaujeu, iii. 22. Obliged
to fly to the court of Brittany, 23. Commands the duke of Brittany's forces 
against the invasion of France, 23. Taken
prisoner by the French, 28. Released, to promote the king of France's suit to 
the duchess of Brittany, 32. Succeeds to the
crown of France, 59. See Lewis XII. Ormesby, left justiciary of Scotland on the 
return of Earl. Warrenne to England, ii.
121. The Scots irritated at his oppressions, 121. Flies to England on the 
appearance of William Wallace, 122. Ormond, earl
of, reduces the Spanish general, San Josepho, in Kerry, iv.'179. - -, earl of, 
his successes against the Irish rebels, v. 264.
Engages the justices and council to adhere to the king against the parliament, 
265. Concludes a cessation of arms with the
rebels by the king's order, 266. Sends over troops to assist the king, 266. 
Glamorgan treats with the Irish rebels without his
knowledge, 318. Resigns Dublin, and all other places, by the king's order, to 
the parliamentary forces, 325. Concludes a
peace with the council of Kilkenny, and engages it to assist the king, 390. 
Narrowly escapes from a conspiracy formed
against him, 391. Retires to France, 392. Returns back, 392. Reduces the 
parliamentarv garrisons, 393. Besieges Dublin,
396. Is defeated by a sally from the city, 396. Again leaves the island, 398. 
Comes to England to concert a conspiracy
against the protector, 481. Is forced to fly, 482. Is made steward of the 
household, and created a duke, vi. 2. Is made lord
lieutenant of Ireland, where he suppresses an intended irisurrection, 73. 
Remonstrates against the English act prohibiting the
importation of Irish cattle, 74. Is seized by. Blood, but.rescued, 90. Is again 
sent lord lieutenant of Ireland, 245. His
administration vindicated by his son, Ossory, against Lord Shaftesbury, 246. Is 
recalled by King James, 311. Osric, king of
Deiri, and Eanfrid, king of Bernicia, apostatize to paganism, i. 35. Ossory, 
Lord, son of the duke of Ormond, his bold
speech to the duke of Buckingham, vi. 91. Commands in the fleet under Prince 
Rupert, 118. Justifies his father's
administration in Ireland against Lord Shaftesbuiy, 246. Ostend, short account 
of the siege of, by the Spaniards, iv. 339, n.
Oswald,'king of Northumberland, recovers the dismembered parts of his kingdom, 
and restores the Christian religion, i. 35.
Gives the Britons a final defeat, 35. Slain by Penda,. king of bMercia, 35. 
History of his successors, 35. Otterborne, battle
of, ii. 298. Otway, the poet, his unhappy fate, vi. 377. Overbury, Sir Thomas, 
assists young Carrg the king's favrite, with
poa 

Page 508 
508 IINDEmx. advice, iv. 428. His imprudence in the affair of Lady Essex, 430. 
I1 committed to the To'wer by the
deceittul contrivance of Rochester, 430. is pou;s-med, by order of Somlerset and 
his lady, 431. HIis remaiks on the lng-llish
liavv,,514. 3utltiws, wilethler ellgiule to patrliament, iv. 3.90. )xl'ord 
Unlliverity, by whom first toullded, i. 74. The
parliamient, afterwards called the maed parliament, assembles there, ii. 32.'lle 
provisions ot, enacted, 33. See Barons.
Lectures in civil law, wheni first rea I theree, 5)19. Whel first erected ilto a 
bishopric, iii. 24,5. -''lhe parlia.iteLct removved
thither by Cilarles I., on aicouut of thie platge at Londonl, v. 6. This 
parliament dissolved on the plague appeariing there, 10.
Negotiations there for ua peace between the king and parlialent, 239. The king 
endeavors to formln a parliament there, in
opposition to that at London, vi. 236., earl of, invites Henry VII. to an 
entertainment, iii. 71. Fined by the knilg for his
retainers, 71. Pack, Aldernman, makes a motion in parliament for giving Cromwell 
the title of king, v. 473. } aget,
Secretary, remonstrates with Lord Seymour on the impropriety of caballing 
against his brother, the protector, iii. 345.
Informs the protector of' his practices, and advises him to return from Scotland 
to guard against themi, 345. Adheres to
Somerset in his distress, 362. Advises Mary to the Spanish alliance, 398. 
Palatilate of the Rhine. See Frederic. The English
undertake the recovery of it, iv. 492. The attempt fails, 493. Restored in part 
by the treaty of Westphalia, v. 455. Palestine,
state of, at the arrival of the crusaders, Richard I. of England and Philip of 
France, i. 374. Painer, Mirs. See Cleveland. -, Sir
Thomas, is employed by Northumberland as a spy upon Somerset, iii. 373. His 
accusation against Somierset, 373. Is
apprehended for joining the party of the lady JaneCGray, 390. Is executed, 390. 
Pandolf, legate from Pope Innocent III. in
his expedition against King John of England, his private instructions, i. 415. 
Proposes an interview with John, 418. Procures
his submission to the pope, 418. Receives the resignation of his kingdom, and 
homage fron him, 418. Excommunicates the
earl of Albemnarle and his adherents, ii. 9. Papacy, the seat of, how fixed in 
Italy, ii. 322. Papal authority, the popular
sentinments of, in the reign of Edward III., ii. 272. Renounced by Henry VIII., 
iii. 197. See Reformation. Par, Catharine,
married to Henry VIII., iii. 288. Is made regent during ienry's absence in 
France, 293. Her danger of impeachment for
heresy, 303. Her prudent evasion of this danger, 303. Marries Lord Seymour soon 
after Henry's death, 345. Dies in
childbed, 346. Paris, massacre of the Hugonots in that city, on the eve of St. 
Bartholomew, iv. 157. See France. Parker,
Archbishop, his character, iv. 201 i ---—, bishop of Oxford, is violently 
appointed president of Magdalen College by James
II., vi. 323. Parliament, English, a view of, in its feudal form, i. 451. By 
what titles the dignified clergy obtained seats in,
4.51. The importance of the barons in, 452. The commons not originally a part 
of, 453. Composed wholly of military
tenants, 453. -When usually assembled, 457. That sumlmnoned at Oxford, in the 
minority of Henry III., grants, in his name,
a renewal and confirmation of the Great Charter, ii. 10. Refuses supplies to 
Henry, 18, 24. The spirited pemnonstrances of,
to the king, on his demand of a supply, 27. Grants a supply, on a solemn 
confirmation of the Great Charter, 29. Assembles
dressed in armor, 32. That termed the mad one, meets at Oxford, 32. A supreme 
council of' twenty-fout ehosen by, to
regulate the government, 32. The first efforts towards 

Page 509 
INDEX 509. sending representatives of counties to, 33. Regular sessions of, ap 
pointed by the council of barons, 33. A
committee. of twelve appointed by the council, of equal authority with, to act 
in the intervals of the sessions, 35. One called
by H-enry, which authorizes him to resume the government, in consequence of the 
pope's absolution, 41. One sulmnooned
1by Leicester, after the battle of Lewes, which appoints a council of nine to 
adllminister government, 51. Again summoned
by Leicester, and the house of commonl regularly formed, 53. Approves of the 
ordinances of the reforming barons after the
civil wars were ended, 63. Other laws enacted in the reign of Henry III., 63. 
The first summoned by Edward I., reforms the
administration of justice, 72. The barons prohibited coming to, except summoned 
by writ, 98. Grants supplies to Edward-
for a French war, 110. Is awed into a confirmation of the two charters by the 
earls of Norfolk and Hereford, while the king
is in Flanders, 116. A summary view of the supplies granted to Edward I., 140. 
The banishment of Piers Gavaston
demanded by Thomas, earl of Lancaster, 146. Procures the government to be vested 
in a council of twelve, 147. Passes a
sentence of forfeiture and perpetual exile agains+ the Despensers, 158. Deposes 
Edward II., 166. A council of regency
formed by, to act during the minority of Edward III., 178. Ratifies Mortimer's 
treaty with Robert Bruce, 182. Condemns
Mortimer tc death, 184. Assists the king in his endeavors to restore Edward 
Baliol in Scotland, and its advice to him, 190.
Grants supplies to assist the pretensions of Edward to the crown of France, 197. 
Is summoned by Prince Edward during his
father's absence in Flanders, but no supplies obtained, 231. Remarks on the 
present power of, 201. Its conditional griants to
the king, 29}1. Resolutions of, on his assumed title as king'of France, 202. 
Frames an act for redress of grievances before
the making the required grants, 209. Is prevailed on to repeal this act, 211. 
Advises the king to break the truce with Philip,
and makes grants for the renewal of the war, 217. The consideration it arrived 
to in the reign of Edward 1II., 267. Its
frequent endeavors to abolish purveyance in this reign, 269. Attempts in vain to 
reduce the price of labor, 275. Settlement of
government established by, during the minority of Richard II., 281. Is 
dissolved, and' the increase of its auth(ority shown,
281. Imposes a poll-tax, and the alarming consequences of it, 282. Its 
peremptory deputation to the king, 290. Its undue
compact with the duke of Gloucester and his party 294. Proceedings arailst the 
mlinistry, 294; The irregularlty of their
conduct, 296. Influence of the king over, and their compliance with his 
measures, f523. Adjourned to Shrewsbury, 314.
Grants Richaid the duties on wool and leather for life, with other subsidies, 
3')4. Before their dissolution, vest the parlia
mentary authority in a committee of twelve lords and six commoners, 3804. 
Namiles of the commissioners, 304, n. Heads of
the accusation presented to, against King Richard, 310. Depose hinm, 314. Act 
against heresy, 320. Repealed, 321. The
repeal suppressed by the inflaleule of the clergs, 321. Confusions in, at the 
accession of Henry IV'., 327. Opposes his
attempt to exclude females firom the suctcession, 340. Advises the king to seize 
the temnori lities of the church, a341l.
Rneiwrs thel same advice to Henry V., 350. Grants to Henry, after the battle of 
Azincour, 359, 366. Caunses which
contributed ti increase its iTflUleice in evelrTlment, 34. Appoints a new 
arra.ntmen t of aIdministratin dlrilMg the mminority
of lIenry VI., 374. Refumses supplies to the ldulke o' Bedfordi reoent of 
France, 397. One c.tlled at St. Edl.und's P uIry,
411. Makes the hduke of York protector during. pleasuire, 432 R'sumes all- ttie 
girants of the crown since the death of
Henry V., 481. Th-it of Coventry, remlarks on, 4f3. The title of Edwand lV. 
recogniz ed bhy 449 Atttindiers reversed, 449.
Act of torfeiture and attainder rpassed A.iuatinst lien'y VII alnd his queen, 
and their party, 449. Summonled, at the res.
otation of. Ienmy- If, 463. New system of attainders and reversals, 4G, 43 

Page 510 
10 IND'E. Summoned by Ecdward on his restoration, 472. Their grants to the king 
to waLrds a French war, 473.
Reflections on the inconsistency of their proceedings, 481. One s'uosnmm oned by 
Richalrd LII. recognizes his authority,
cr-'atcs his son prince of Wales, and makes grants, 35(2. Attainders reversed on 
the coming in of lenry VII., iii. 7. Expedient
for qualifying the kinc's prior attaindle, 8. Entail of the ciownI, how managed, 
8. Attaiders of the Yoik party, 9. Grants a
supply for the assistance of the t.]tke of Brittany, 28. Grants supplies to the 
king for a war with'rsanlle, 3a. Passes a law to
ilidelinify all who act under the authority of tihe kinlg for the tine being, 
46. Grants Henry another subsidy, 50. Its
obs-cqttiousnpss to his oppressive measures, 63. Chooses I)udley, the minister 
of his extortions, speaker, 63. Star chamber
authority confirmed by, 69.' The king's suit for murder limited withlin a year 
and day, 70. B'enefit of clergy abridged, 70.
Statutes Against retainers, and for other salutary purposes, 70. Law permitting 
the entailhsent of estates to be broke, 72.
Review of other laws passed by Henry VIi., 72. The first of Henry VIII. attaints 
Empson and Dudley, the ministers of the
extortions of Henry VII., 81. Redresses some abuses in the late reign, 81, n. 
Grants supplies for a war with France, 86.
Imijoses a proportional poll-tax, 90. Grants of, to Henry, by the influence of 
Cardinal Wolsey, and of Sir Thomas More,
141. Passes 55n act against levying anniates, 187. Continues to abridge the 
papal authority, in the reglulation of monasteries,
and election of bishops, 195. The succession of the crown regulated, 196. 
Declares the king supremne head of the church,
197. Attaints Sir Thomas More and Bishop Fisher, 198. Unites England and Wales, 
198. Passes an act of attainder against
the rccomplices of the holy maid of Kent, 210. The lesser monasteries 
supipressed by, 220. Further progress made in the
union between England and Wales, 220. The gross flattery of the speaker of the 
commons to the king, 229. Reason
assigned for annulling the king's -marriage. with Anne Boleyn, 230, n. The 
princesses Mary and Elizabeth illegitimated, and
the succession settled on the king'is issue by Jane Seymour, 230. All authority 
of the bishop of Rome renounced, 231.
Passes the bill of six articles, for abolishing diversity of opinions in 
religion, 2;3. Enacts that royal proclamations shall have
the force of laws, 2.55. Yet passes a statute declaring that the king's 
proclamations shall not infringe the laws or customs of
the realm, 255. Confirms the surrender of the monasteries, 257. Dissolves the 
orderof St. John of Jerusalem, or knights of
Malta, 262. Grants, with reluctance, supplies to Henry, 262. Instance of its 
servile complaints with Henry's caprices, 462.
Condemns Dr. Barnes for heresy, 267. Attaints Queen Catharine Howard and her 
associates, 273. Passes an act to secure
the virtue. of Henry's future wives, 273; Ireland erected into a kingdom by, 
462. Ratifies the future decisions of the
commissioners appointed by the king to establish a religion, 275. Prohibits the 
reading of the Bible to the lower classes of
the people, 277. Grants supplies for a French war, 286. Enacts that offences 
against the king's proclamations shall be
judged by a council of nine, -287. Enforces obedience to the Erudition of a 
Christian Man, published by Henry VIII., 287.
Restores the princesses Mary and Elizabeth to their right of succession, 290. 
The style of the king's regal title settled, 290.
The king's debts, contracted by a general loan, reniitted, 290. Another oath of 
the king's supremacy imposed, 291. The law
of the six articles mitigated, 291. Grants another slubsidy 297. Bestows on the 
king all the university and hospital revenues,
297. The abject flattery bestowed on the king, 297. Henry's speech to, on 
proroguing it, 298. Attainder of the duke of
Norfolk, 306. A recapitulation of the statutes passed by Henry VIII., 311. 
Remarks on the statute granting him the duties of
tonnage'and poundage, 312. One summoned by the duke of Somerset, protector, 339. 
The wholesome aws passed this
session, 339. Lord Seymour condemned, 349. Celibacy 

Page 511 
INDEX. 511 recommended to the clergy, but their marriage permitted, 351. 
Deprives the protector of all his offices, and
fines him, 364. Passes a severe act against rioters, 36i. The new liturgy 
authorized, 375. Interest for money declared illegal,
375. Acts passed against treason, 376. An act making provision for the poor, 
376. The Latin mass celebrated in, at
the.accession of Queen Mary, 394. The species of treason limited, 395. The 
queen's legitimacy established, 395. All
Edward's statutes of religion repealed, 395. The duke of Norfolk's attainder 
reversed, 395. Is dissolved, for opposing the
Spanish alliance, 399. A large sum sent over by the emperor Charles V., to bribe 
the new one, 407. Gardiner's speech at
the opening of, 407. The caution of, with respect to the pretensions of Philip, 
407. Is dissolved, 408.. A new one
summoned, which reverses the attainder of Cardinal Pole, 410. Implores 
forgiveness of the pope, for their defection from
the church of I'ome, 411. Its caution to prevent the resumption of church lands, 
411. Revives the sanguinary laws against
heretics, 412. Tenths and first-fruits restored to the church, 427. Subsidies 
granted by a new one, 442. All sales or grants of
crown lands by the queen, for seven years to come, confirmed, 442. Law for 
regulating the militia; 447. The first law for
repair of the highways by a general parish duty, 448. The joy discovered by, at 
the accession of Queen Elizabeth, iv. 1. A
new one called, by whom the title of the queen is recognized, 7. The 
newly-erected monasteries suppressed, 8. All statutes
of Edward VI. concerning religion restored, 9. The nomination of bishops given 
to the crown, 9. The mass abolished, and
liturgy restored, 10. The queen's royal powker over all her dominions strongly 
asserted, and the assertion of the papal
authority subjected to the penalties of treason, 58. Laws against prophesying 
and witchcraft, 58. Supplies granted to the
queen, 58. Elizabeth's speech at the dissolution of, 79. A new one summoned, 
after an interval of five years, 133. Is
prohibited by the queen's order from meddling with any matters of state, 133. 
Reflections on her haughty treatment of, and
her declared notions of the proper objects of its attention, 133. L. \ s passed 
this session of, 141. A spirited speech of Peter
Wentworth, a commoner, in favor of liberty of speech in, 172. Petitions the 
queen for chuv;.h reforniation, instead of
proceeding on the bill introduced!,1,r a:i urpose, 175. Supplies granted by, to 
the queen, 181. Laws against Popery, 181.
Confirms the association for the protection of the queen, 199. Appoints a 
regency, in case of her violent death, 199. A
severe lawt against Jesuits and Popish priests, 199. Elizabeth's speech, oin 
tile applications made by the commons for further
religious reformation, 203. Ratifies the sentence against Mary, queen of Scots, 
and petitions for her execution, 230. Grants
supplies to the queen, on the defeat of the Spanish armada, 264. Passes a severe 
law against recusants, 280. Votes
supplies, 281. The queen's speech to, 281. Its legislative power checked by 
Elizabeth, 353. Tyrannical statutes passed by,
355. One summoned by James I., 388. Appoints commissioners, at the king's 
desire, to treat of a union between the two
kingdoms, 396. Becomes jealous of the regal prerogative in ecclesiastical 
affairs, 418. Buckingham lays before it an
insincere account of the treaty for the Spanish match, which the king andt 
prince vouch, 483. The king's speech relative to a
war with Spain, 485. An act against monopolies, 486. One summoned by Charles I. 
on his accession, v. 1. Its ill humor,
owing to disgust against Buckingham, 3. Other contributing causes, 4. Is 
adjourned to Oxford, on account of the plague, 6.
The king lays his necessities before it, 6. Refuses supplies, 7. Dissolved, on 
the plague appearing at Oxford, 10. A second
called by Charles, 11. A third summoned, 32. The king's threatening address to 
it, 32. The petition of.right passed, 44;
which is followed by a grant of supplies, 45. Is dissolved, 52. Is summoned 
after eleven years' interval, 112. The king's pleas
to procure supplies, 113. Is abruptly dissolved, 119. Meeting of 

Page 512 
512 INDEX. the long, 128. An act for triennial parliaments passed, 150, 
Attaindej of Str.ilfird, 166. Act against adjourning
and proroguing the parliament without its own coln:tent. 166. The star cham.ber 
and high coin m11sson court abolished,
170. Other arbitrary courts suppre.ssed, 171. Adjourns, and appoints a 
comminittee of both houses to sit during tlle recess,
172. Appo)ilts a counmmittee to attend the king to Scotland, 172. Mlakes a 
present, with acknowledlgents, to the Scottish
aryly, whch are now disbanded, 174. A day of thanlksgiviing appoilted tor the 
national pacification, 174. Applies to the earil
of E.ssex for a guard, 177.'Votes the king's interfering inl a bill depenlding 
in, to be a breach of n'ilecge, 199 Reflections on
the uncertiinty of parliamentary privileges, 1d99. Petitions or addresses 
received fionm divers bodies o tilhe commllon
people, polomising to protect its privileges, 212. Is petitioined by a body of 
women, 212. The bishops' votes taken away,
214. Threati ns the queen with an impeachment, 214. Passes the militia bill, 
215. Rtaizes an army, and appoints the earl of
Essex general, 223. Obtains loals of the people, 223. Sends conditions of 
agreement to the king, 225. Stops all remittances
of revenue to the king, 228. Their fleet intercepts supplies from the queen to 
the king, 229. Its haughty reception of tlhe
king's overtures, 232. Votes an address for a treaty after the battle of 
Edge-hill, 238. Its demands in the negotiation at
txford, 23'9. 1'ol tllu operatiols of its forces against the king, see Essex, 
Waller, Fairfax, Cromwell, etc. The military
operations conldIucted by a comilittee of both houses, 251. The secret measures 
aiid despotic authority of this coimm ittee,
2.51. Applies to Scotland for assistance, 258. selds commissioners to engage the 
Scots to confederate with thein, 261.
tcceives and enforces subscription to the solenin league and covenant, 262. 
Rtemits Imoney to Scotland to raise an arlmy,
263. Aleasuires taken to suppress the Irish rebellion. 264. A commllittee of, 
sent to Irelamnd, is excluded the council by the
influence of Olmond, 265. Lays all excise on beer, wine, and other 
commiiiiodities, 270. Publishes an ordinance for
retrenching a meal a week towards the public service, 27). ls.written tio by the 
king, but rejects his offirs of treaty, 271. T'he
Independents formi a party in, 283. Differences btetweenll ianchlester anld 
Crolllwell, 283. Passes the self-denyilng
ordinlanle, 287.' Receines proposals trom tile king for a treaty, 289. Seunds 
commllissionles to xunxildrge, 291. S~Iunlolims
an asseinblv of divines at Westmnuinster for regulating reiigion, 291. Denmands 
of the comiiiissioniers at Usxbidge, as to
religioni, 291. IDemiands as to the militia, 292. Demlands with iegard to 
Ir'ellld, 2'4. Other demands Imade to the king, 295.
Rieturn of the conlliiisslonlers, 2J95. Executioll of Laud, 235. Publishes tilhe 
king's letters taken at DIaseby, 312. Refuses a
treaty with the king, 318. Issues orders for securing hilm, if lie canie to 
London, 318. Reproaches the king with (laniorgamn's
transactions in Ireland, 319. Estabilishes the Presbyterian discipline, 3193; 
but refuses to adnlit the divine right of it, 32).
hestraiis the power of excommunication, 321. Is inforilled by the Scots of the 
king's arrival in their ariily, 323. Sends fresh
proposals to tile king, 325. Treats with the Scots for deliverillg up the killg, 
326. ie is delivered to the comnuissioners sent for
hiiii, 328. Proposes a reiluetion of the army, 330. The army begins to nmnitilv 
agailnst its authority, 332. Sends proposals for
their going to Ireland, 332. \'otes to disband all- who refuse that service, 
334. l)iscovers Cromwlell's schemes, and prepares
ani accusation against him, 336. Its oppressive actt renlder it odious to the 
people, 337. A review of its civil.admilniistrationl,
33'. Ordlers out the London militia to defend it against the ar11y, 34 1. 
Elnters into a nmegotiation with the arnmy, 34).
Appoints Fairt'ax ge'neral in chief of all the torces, 344. Is obliged to vote 
accordilng to thel" i nsttulietions of the armyS,
344. Is forced by the populace to reverse a vote tfo the change'of the Londoni 
militia, 3144. Their speakers apply to the
*rmy for prott(, ion, 3&45'Nw Speakers chosen, and defence prepared 

Page 513 
INDEZ. 6513 for, 845. The old speakers reinstated by the army, 346. Negotiates 
again with the king, 352. Votes against
any further negotiation with the king, 3,54. Declares the Scots enemies, 369. 
Endeavors to regain its liberty during the
absence of the army, and sends to treat with the king, 3759. The points debated 
between them, 361. Disavows any
concaurrence in the seizure bf the. king by the army, 367. Is surrounded by the 
army, 367. Proceeds to a conclusioni of the
treaty with the king, 367. The Presbyterian members excluded, and confined by 
Colonel Pride, 368. The remaining
members reverse the former proceedings, 368. See Commons. Its proceedings after 
the battle of Worcester, 421. Erects a
high court of justice to try offences against the commonwealth, 42L.. See 
Commnonwealth. Frames the navigation act, 428.
Grants letters of reprisal against the United Provinces, 428. Refuses to admit 
the apology of the Dutch for Tromp's conduct,
and commence war with the states, 429. See Blake, Ayscue, etc. The army 
remonstrates for a new oine, 433. Is violently
dissolved by Cromwell, 434. Reflections on its proceedings, 434. A new one 
summoned by (Oomwell, 440. Character of it,
441. Regulations in government and religion proposed by, 442. Orders marriage to 
be solemnized by the civil magistrate,
442. Resigns its authority to Cromwell, 443. One slr'imloned by the protector, 
448. The equitable plan of election, 449. 1s
reproved by the protector for dlsputling his authority, 451. Is forcerl to 
recognize his authority, and is then dissolved, 451. A
new one chosen by the protector, 472. Votes a renunciation of the royal family, 
472. A motion made by Jephson for
bestowing the crown on Cromwell, 472. The same motion made in form by Alderman 
Pack, 473. This motion agreed to,
and a coimmittee appointed to persuade the protector's acceptance, 474. Confirms 
his protectoral authority on his refusal of
the title of king, 477. Is again assembled in two houses, as formerly, 479. Is 
dissolved, 479. One called by Richard
Cromwell, 491. Votes against the council of officers, 493. Is dissolved by their 
influence, 493. The long one, restored by the
council of oficers, 494. Discovers a design formed for restoring the king, 
whicLbis suppressed, 496. Cashiers Lainbert, and
vests the command of the army in commlssion, 498. Is expelled by Lambert, 498. 
Is again restored, 5)6. Reduces the army
to obedience, 506. - Is desired by Monk to send -the regiments out of London, 
508. Monk arrives, and is thanked, 5J8.
}His reply, 508. Its authority disputed by the people, particularly by London, 
5)9. Orders Monk to march into the city to
seize the refractory citizens, 509. Is ordered by Monk to fix a time for 
dissolution, and for calling a nlew one, 510. The
secluded members take their seats, and after some inecessary votes issue writs 
for a new one, 511. The new one meats, and
Sir Harbottle Grilnstone chosen speaker, 516. See Commorons. The house of lords 
reassemble, 517. See Lords. Charles
II. proclaimed, 517. A committee appointed to invite the king over, 517. Act of 
indemnity passed, vi. 4. Siettlement of the
revenue, 4. Its caution in disbanding the army, 6. Is dissolved, 8. The new one 
passes an act for the security of the king's
person and government, 17. Resigns all military authority to the king, 19. 
Corporation act passed, 20. Act of uniformity
passed, 21). Grants the king four subsidies, being the last grant of that 
nature, 32. Militia regulated, 32. Repeals the triennial
act, 3.5. Grants supplies for the Dutch war, 39, 95. Five-mile act, 45. 
[Rtetllates the rebuilding of London, 51. Votes a
supply to the king, 51 An act of incapacity and banishment passed against 
Clarendon, 59. Prohibits the importation of Irish
cattle, 74. Supplies granted, 8). Act against conventicles passed, 80. Coventry 
act, 90. Mleets, after two years' prorogation,
113. Speeches of the king and tie chancellor Shafteovury to, 114. Test act 
passed, 117. Is prorogued on the discontent of
the commons, 122. Its legality disputed, alter a twelvemomnth's recess, 144. 
Exhorts the king to guard against the growing
power of Fraltce, 145. Addresses the ling to form an alliaane with the states 
agaif$* 

Page 514 
61:4:~mrx. France, 148. Is adjourned, 148. Takes the Popish plot into considiera 
tion, 183. A new test act passed, 187. Is
dissolved, 190. Character of this long one, 191. A new one summoned, 194. Habeas 
corpus act passed, 204. Is
prorogued, and afterwards dissolved, to stop proceedings against Danby, 207. The 
king's speech to the new one, 220. The
persecuting statute, the thirty-fifth of Elizabeth, repealed, and dissent" ers 
eased, 233. The king evades giving his assent to
this bill, 235. Is dissolved, and a new one summonea, 236. Meets at Oxford, 236. 
Is suddenly dissolved, 240. One called
by James II., 288. His speech to, on the settlement of a revenue on him, 288. 
Arguments urged for and against the grant of a
revenue during life, 289. The grant during life voted, 291. An act of attainder 
passed against the duke of Monmouth, 293.
The convention, summoned by the prince of Orange, 354. Settles the crown on the 
prince and princess of Orange, 362.
[',r;iament of Scotland recognizes the title of the maid of Norway to the cr)wn, 
ii. 80. Refers the pretensions of Baliol and
Bruce to the award c,' Edward I. of England, 83. Is summoned by the queen 
dowager in an abbey near Haddington, and
determines to send the young queen Mary to France, iii. 343. Summoned by the 
congregation of the Lord, in which the
Catholic religion is suppressed, and the Presbyterian discipline established, 
iv. 29. The queen in France refuses to ratify the
proceedings of, 30. Is summoned by Mary to attaint the banished lords, 72. How 
this scheme failed, 72. Is summoned by
the regent Murray, condeninls Mary to prison for the murder of her husband, and 
ratifies the settlement of the crown on her
son James VI., 96. Appoints commission. ers to negotiate a treaty with 
Elizabeth, 131. Prohibits the clergy firom meddling
with the affairs of government, 196. A law proposed to it by James, for the 
external government of the church, to be vested
in him and the bishops, 446. The bill dropped by the opposition of the clergy, 
446. One held by Charles I., v. 78. Its
proceedings towards ratifying the acts of the assembly stopped by prorogation, 
112. Abolishes the lords of articles, 175.
The creation of peerages limited, 175. Triennial parliaments established, 175. 
Its consent made necessary in the
alSpointment of officers of state, 176. Its cool behavior on being informed by 
the king of the Irish massacre, 188. Sends
commissioners to treat with the English parliament, 188. Opposes the delivering 
up the king to the English parliament, 328.
One summoned by Charles II. after the defeat at Dunbar, 414. One called on the 
restoration, which annuls all laws passed
since the year 1633, vi. 13. The covenant annulled, 15. Proceedings of, 67. Act 
of indemnity, 68. Act against conventicles,
70. One summoned before Lauderdale as commissioner, 162. Severe law against 
conventicles, 163. Enacts a contradictory
test act, 250. Its abject servility to James II on his accession, 301. Rejects 
the king's application for indulgence to Catholics,
317. The convention summoned by the prince of Orange offers the crown to him and 
the princess, 355. Parma, duchess of,
is left, by Philip II. of Spain, governness of the Low Countries, iv. 147. -, 
prince of, sacceeds Don John of Austria in the
command of the Low Countries, iv. 170. Reduces several provinces to obedience to 
Spain, 205. His successes against the
earl of Leicester, 211. Prepares to join the armada in the invasion of England, 
255. Refuses to join the fleet on its ill success,
263. Marches to assist the Catholic league in France, 274. Parry, William, is 
instigated by the Jesuits to take away the life of
Queen Elizabeth, iv. 204. His deliberate prosecution of his purpose, 204. Is 
discovered and executed, 205. Pascal II., pope
of home, his disputes with King Henry I. about investitures, i. 253. His 
insolent answers to Henry, 253, 254. His' shameful
A-each of treaty with the emperor Henry V., 256. Threatens Henrv with 
excommunication, 256. Compromise between, 2"' 

Page 515 
INDEX. 515 Passive obedience, the antiquity of that doctrine in England, iv. 
671. The principle of, endeavored to be
enforced by the house of lords, vi. 133. Arguments urged concerning, 134. 
Pasturage, laws enacted by -Henry VIII. to
restrain the throwing lands into, iii. 317. The inducements to this practice, 
and evils resulting from it, 355. Patents for
monopolies, debates in the house of commons concerning, in Queen Elizabeth's 
reign, iv. 552. See Monopolies. Pavia,
battle of, between the imperialists and Francis I. of France, iii. 149. Paul 
III., Pope, hopes, at his succession, to effect a
reconciliation with Henry VIII., iii. 213. Excommunicates Henry, 213, 246. The 
rage expressed against Henry on his
suppressing the religious houses, 246. A council summoned at Mantua, the 
authority of which Henry declares against, 249.
Appoints Beaton, primate of Scotland, a cardinal, 282. - IV., Pope, his 
character, iii. 426. Is offended at Queen Mary's
assuming the title of queen of Ireland, 426. Insists on full restitution of all 
church possessions, 426. His conduct compared
with that of the emperor Charles V., 432. Cites Archbishop Cranmer to stand 
trial for her esy at Rome, 433. His haughty
behavior on the English ambassador's notification of the accession of Elizabeth, 
iv. 3. Paullinus, archbishop of York,
converts Edwin, king of Northumberland, to Christianity, i. 34. Converts Coifi, 
the Saxon high priest, 34. Peada, son of
Penda, king of Mercia, receives Christianity into his kingdom, i. 37. Pecquigni, 
treaty bf peace there between Ed]ward IV.
of England and Lewis XI. of France, ii. 475. Peers, when first created by 
patent, ii. 325. A great council of, summoned by
Charles I. at York, v. 123. House of. See Lords. Pembroke, earl of, his 
ineffectual endeavors to save Chateau Gaillard from
being taken by Philip of France, i. 404. -- 2, earl of, is mareschal of England 
at the death of King John, ii, 2. Procures young
Henry III. to be crowned at Gloucester, 2. Is chosen protector of the kingdom, 
3. Endeavors to conciliate the affections of
the barons to the young king, 4. Takes the city of Lincoln from the French, 6. 
The barons conclude a peace with him, 7. His
prudent care to restore the form of government, 8. Dies, 8. Ay, Aymer de 
Valence, earl of, joins in: the confederacy of
Thomas, earl of Lancaster, against Piers Gavaston, ii. 149. Takes Gavaston 
prisoner in Scarborough Castle, 149., earl of,'is
taken prisoner, with his whole army, at sea, by Henry, king of Castile, ii. 263. 
-, Jasper Tudor, earl of, defeated by  Edward,
duke of York, at Mortimer's Cross, ii. 440. Sir William Herbert created earl of, 
iii. 372. Deserts Northum berland, and
declares for Queen Mary, 389. Is confined to his house for engaging in the duke 
of Norfolk's designs, iv. 125. Pen, Admiral,
commands the protector's fleet sent to the West Indies, v. 461. Makes an attempt 
on St. Domingo, 461. Takes Jamaica,
and is sent to the Tower, 462. Penda, king of Mercia, his character, i. 37. His 
enterprises, 37. Killed, 37 Pennington,
commander of some ships sent in the service of France, refuses to sail against 
Rochelle, and returns, v. 8. Is ordered back to
Dieppe, where his men desert the service, 8. Pennsylvania, when settled, vi. 
369. Penruddoc, and other royalists, excite an
insurrection against Cromwell at Salisbury, v. 453. Penry, a Brownist, his cruel 
prosecution for writing against the hierarchy
iv. 356. People, their situation under the feudal government in England, i. 448. 


Page 516 
I1 fmINDEX. Perigord, Cardinal, enileavors anl accommodation between Prince 
Edwarr of England, and John, king of
France, at Poictiers, ii. 242. Perjiury, the irequtency ot, under the old 
Anglo-Saxon law, remarked, and tlite causes -tLaced,
i. 171. Pe kiRn Warlee. See Warbec. PIerth, lKnox, the reformer, arrives from 
Geneva, and preacl.es there, iv. 20 liint of
retormiers there against the -Catholic worship, 20.'The queer regent recei'ved 
there by accoommodation with the
congregation of the Lord, 22. is besieged ald taken by the congregation, 23. A 
synod ot Presbyterian uiinsters there, routed
by a inob o womiien, v. 5;). Pescar.l, marquis of, the imperial- general invades 
Provence, and besieges 5Marseilles, iii. 147.
Peter tle Hermit undertakes to rescue the Holy Land from the Turks, and applies 
to Pope Mlartin II., i. 227. Leads a vast
multitude on this enlterprise, 229..- of Pollf et, a hermit, his cruel treatment 
by King John, for a prophecy concerning g himn,
42). * — of 6avoy, uncle to Queen Eleanor, invested with the honor of 
-RichUnonud, and the waidship of Earl  Warreune, ii.
17. —, kilng of Castile. bee Castile. ---- des Koches. See Winchester.?eter's 
pence, occasion of imposing that tax, i. 38.
The payment of, suspenided by Heniry 11., 314. Peterborough, when first erected 
into a bishopric, iii. 245. Dean of, his
behavior to Mary, Queen of Scots, at her execution, iv. 244. Peters, Htugh, 
chaplain to Oliver -Cromwell, a frequent'text of
his, v. 352, n. Is tried and executed, vi. 7. -, Father, a Jesuit, and confessor 
to King James II., is made a privy councillor, vi.
312. Petition of right, this famous bill taken under consideration by the 
house.of commons, v. 37. Is passed by the
comnimions, 42. Passed by the lords, 42.' lhe king's evasive Illanner of passing 
it, 42. Receives the kinlg's full assent, 44.
lThe petitioll at large, 5;36. Petitioners and Abhorrers, account of the origin 
of those party distinctions, vi. 218. Peyto, a
friar, insolently reproaches Henry VIII. from his pulpit, iii. 207. Is in turn 
abused by Dr. Corren, 2.)8. Is reproved by the
counlcil, 208. Philip, king of France, assumues the government oil his father 
Lewis VlI.'s illness, i.-351. Hetry 11. of
Enlglanld mediates a peace between him anid his family, 351. Engages in a 
ciusade, 354. Stinmulates young Rlchard to
revolt against his father, 355. His arluy; wlth that of Richard I., intended for 
the crusade, renidezvous at ~ezelay, 370.
Reiterates his proumlises of friendship with KRichard, 370. Takes the road to 
Genoa, and emlbarks his arilmy, 370. is
obliged to winter at Messina, 370. -His character anld that of Rtichard 
compared, 3710. His disputes with Richard at
Miessinia, 371. Their dliterelces accommodated, 372. Arrives in Palestine, and 
a._slits at the siege of Acre, 374. Espouses
the preteulsions of Conrade, llarhquis of Montferrat, to the kingdoln of 
Jerusalei, in opposition to Guy de Lusignan, 37,5.
Returns to Europe, 376. Is prevenited iromi iinvading Normitandy, but seduces 
Prince John from his allegiance, 3i7. Makes
the death of (Conrade the pretence of his enmuity to iticlaLrd, 379. Hiis 
hostile measures on hearing of the captivity ot
Richard, 382. Invades Normiiandy, 363. Besieges Rouen, but is repulsed by Utie 
earl of Leice.ster, 383. hi4is laconic letter
to Prillce Jin,. 87. Is r,uttd, ilad hi reord, tilken by Ri h id, H88. Con lides 
a truce w.th Lticilard, 3i8. Collcludes a peace at
Lousiers, which is soon broke, 36J. i iakes a truce wuth RHicnard for five 
years, 389.'lakes Ar thur, duke of Brittany, ulider
his protection, 395. Concludes a peace with John, 3U6. The Norman barons appeal 
to him against John, 398,' disputes with
J ohn, 398. Aarries his daughter to Arthur, duke of 

Page 517 
Brittany, b. Hls successes against John, 399.. Is appealed to by the Bretons on 
the murder of Arthur by John, 401
Sumnmons John to appear before him, and, on his non-appearance, sentences him to 
the for, feiture ot all his royalties in
France, 401. Takes various placesfrbm John, and, by his address, raises the 
siege of Alenqon, 402. Besieges and takes
Chateau G(aillard, on the frontiers -if Normandy, 403 434. Takes Falaise, and 
the governor Lupicaire enlists with hiln
against John, 404. Acqulres the possession of Normandy; 405. With the other 
provinces, 405. Accepts the offer of the
kingdom of England triade by Pope Innocent IIL, 417. Prepares an armament to 
acquire jossession of it, 417. His rage on
the treaty betwe-n John and i'andolf, the pope's legate, 42). His fleet 
destroyed by the earl of Sali.sbury, 421. His
refdectiOns on the offer of the kingdom of Enaland, by the barons, to 1 is son 
Lewis, 437. Demanlds hostages of the barons
for their fidelity, 437. Sends forces over with Lewis, 437. His conduct 
respecting this enterp.ise of his son, ii. 7. Dies, and is
succeeded by his son Lewis, 12. Philip, king of FrLnce, cites Edward 1., as duke 
of Guienne, before him, to alswer for
some differences at sea, ii. 93. Gains the province of Guiellne, by artifice, 
from the English, 93. Defeats their attempts to
recover it, 94, 95. Forms an alliance with John Baliol, king of Scotland, 95. 
Edward forms alliances against him, 110. His
successes in Flanders, 119. Concludes a truce with England, and submits his 
differences to Pope Boniface, 12). Bestows his
sister on Edward, and his daughter on Prince Edward, 12.3. - the Fair of France, 
his cruel treatment of the knights templars,
ii. 170. ---- de Valois, how he became entitled to the crown of France, ii. 
193.,Receives homage for Guienne from Edward
III. of England, 194. Pre "pares to oppose the hostile pretensions of Edward to 
his crown, 199. his fleet destroyed by
Edward, 2)3. Relieves Tournay, besieged by'Edward, 204. His reply to Edward's 
defence, 234. Concludes a truce with
Edward, by the mediation of Jane, countess of Hainault, 205. Espouses the 
pretensioiis of Charles de Blois to the duchy of
Brittany, 212. Confines the count de Mlountfort in the tower of the Louvre, 213. 
Concludes a truce with the countess and
Edward, 217. His surprise and movements on Edward's invasion of Normandy, 221. 
His precipitate behavior in following
Edward to Crecy, 225. His memorable defeat there, 226, 227. The great number 
slain at the battle, 228. Concludes a truce
with Edward, 234. His death and character, 237. -, son of the emperor Charles 
V., is proposed by his father as a husband
to Mary, queen of England, iii. 398. Substance of the marriage articles, 400. 
Reflections of the English on this match, 401.
Caution and reserve of the parliament with respect to h s pretensions, 408. 
Arrives in England, and is mlarried, 4;19.
Disgusts the English by his haughtiness and reserve, 410. Is denied -the 
ceremony of coronation, 412. His attempts to
acquire popularity, 412. His motives for protecting the lady Elizabeth, 413. His 
artifice to elude the charge of promoting the
cruelties exercised against the English reformers, 423. Leaves Enlgland, and 
retires to Flanders, 428. His father makes a
formal re.,ignation of all his hereditary dominions to him, 430. Ungratefully 
neglects paying his father's pension, 430.
Endeavors to engage Elgland in his quarrel with France, 432. Comes over to 
England to press the queen on that measure,
435. Raises an army under Phillibert, duke of Savoy, 437. B. ttle of St. 
Quintln, 437. Takes the town, 431, Joins the army
under the duke of Satvoy, but declines engaging Guist 445. Enters inlto 
neg,tiatlons for peace, 445. Death of Queen Mary
445. /Ro:eives a k.nd emballssy fromn Ehlizabeth, iv. 2. Makes propo all of 
mnarriage to her, 3. She refuses his proposal of
adhering to the Span ish alliance against France, 13. Pe'ace of Chateau 
Cambresis witg France, 13. Exerts his good offices
at the court of Rome, to prevent tlh VOL. VI, 44 H 

Page 518 
excommunication of Elizabeth, 15. His character delineated, 49. Vows to spend 
his life in the extirpation of heresy, 49. His
cruel persecution of Constantine Ponce, his father's confessor, 50. Issues 
rigorous orders for the prosecution of heretics, 50.
Commencement of his open enmity to Elizabeth, 51. Forms an alliance with the 
duke of Guise for the suppressing heresy,
53. Concerts a massacre of the French Hugonots with Catharine de Medicis and the 
cardinal of Lorraine, 71. Leaves the
duchess of Parma governess of the Low Countries, 147. The Flemish Protestants 
revolt, 148. Determines to overthrow the
Flemish privileges, 148. Remonstrates to Elizabeth against her giving 
countenance to the Flemish exiles, 164. Revolt of
Holland and Zealand, 165. The revolted Hollanders associate under the prince of 
Orange, 166. Recalls the duke of Alva at
his own request, 166. Elizabeth ainls to accommodate matters, 167. Sends Don 
John of Austria governor of the Low
Countries, 168. The pacification of Ghent concluded, 168. Invades Ireland, 179. 
Remonstrates against the depredations of
Drake, 181. Founds a seminary at Douay for the education of English Catholics, 
182. His power and naval strength, 209.
Projects an invasion of England, 253. Fits out the invincible armada, 254. His 
instructions to its commander, the duke of
Medina Sidonia, 260. His behavior on the destruction of the armada, 263. Excites 
disturbances in Scotland, 284. Makes
peace with France, 297. Dies, 300. His character, 381. Philip III., of Spain, 
character of him and his minister, the duke of
Lermal iv. 381. Concludes a peace with James I., 398. Acknowledges the 
independency of the United Provinces, and
concludes a truce with them for twelve years, 411. - IV. of Spain, the honorable 
reception he gave Prince Charles, iv. 478.
His conduct on understanding Buckingham's scheme to prevent the marriage, 482. 
-, archduke of Austria, and son of
Maximilian, is educated in the Low Countries, iii. 21. His friendly interview 
with Henry VII. at Calais, 59. Marries Joan,
daughter of Ferdinand, king of Arragon, and Isabella, queen of Castile, 64. 
Forced by a storm on the coast of England, pays
Henry a visit at Windsor, 65. Obliged by Henry to surrender the earl of Suffolk, 
whom he had protected, 66. Arrives in
Spain, and dies, 67. His son Charles affianced to the princess Mary, Henry's 
daughter, 67. Philippa, daughter of the count of
Holland and Hainault, is affianced to Prince Edward, son of Edward II;, ii. 164. 
Raises an army to repress the Scots in
Edward's absence, and takes their king, David, prisoner, 230, 231. Goes over to 
Edward's camp at Calais, 231. Intercedes
with Edward for the deputies of Calais, at its surrender, 233. Philips, Sir 
Robert, his speech in the third parliament of
Charles I., v. 34. Phiilibert, duke of Savoy, commands the Spanish army against 
France, iii. 437. Besieges St. Quintin, 437.
Defeats the constable Montmorency, and takes him prisoner, 437. Philpot, a 
reformer, archdeacon of Winchester, instance
of his zeal against Arianism, iii. 420. Is burnt himself for heresy, 421. Picts 
and Scots harass the Britons, i. 9. Piercy,
surnamed Hotspur, taken prisoner by the Scots at the battle of Otterburne, ii. 
298. See Northumberland. --—, Thomas,
created earl of Worcester, ii. 304. Rebels against henry IV., 332. Taken 
prisoner at the battle of Shrewsbury, and executed,
334. -, of the house of Northumberland,- engages with Catesby in the famous 
gunpowder plot, for blowing up king and
parliament, iv. 400. Hires a vault under the parliament house, and conveys 
thirty-six barrels of gunpowder into it, 402. Flies
on the discovery of the scheme, 405. Is killed, 405. P'ilgrimage of grace, an 
insurrection raised against Henry VIII., in the
north of England, under that name, iii. 230. 

Page 519 
Pilkington, sheriff of' London, prosecuted by the duke of York for scandalous 
expressions, vi. 257. Pinkey, battle of,
between the duke of Somerset and the earl of Arran, iii. 336. Pisa, a council 
summoned there, in opposition to Pope Julius
II., which removes to Milan, and after to lyons, iii. 84. Interdicted by the 
pope, 85. Pistor, his speech in the house of
commons, on kneeling and making the sign of the cross, iv. 134. Pius V., Pope, 
excommunicates Queen Elizabeth, iv. 132.
Plague, a great one in the time of Edward III., ii. 237. Is brought into England 
by the'earl of Warwick, from Havre de
Grace, iv. 61. One at London, 388. Another, v. 6. At Oxford, 10. On board the 
fleet, 11. Great one at London, vi. 44.
Plot, gunpowder, history, iv. 401. Popish, a history of, vi. 171, 198. See 
Oates, tolenian, and Bedloe. Meal-tub, 217.
Rye-house, 263. Poictiers, battle of, between Edward, son of Edward III., and 
John, king of France, ii. 243. Is besieged by
the admiral Coligni, iv. 143. Is defended by the young duke of Guise, 144. Pole, 
Arthur, and his brothers, nephews of the
cardinal, are convicted of a conspiracy against Queen Elizabeth, but pardoned, 
iv. 48., Edinund de la. See Suffolk. —, Sir
Geoffrey de la, enters into a conspiracy with some English noble men, and his 
brother, the cardinal, iii. 248. Discovers the
conspiracy, and is pardoned for it, 248. -, Michael de la, chancellor of 
England, and earl of Suffolk, some anecdotes of, ii.
289. Impeached by the commons, 289. Reflections on his case; 290. Deprived of 
his office, 291. —, Reginald de la, his
descent, iii. 246. Is made dean of Exeter, 247. Declines any concern in the 
divorce of Henry VIII. from Quleen Cath-.arine,
247. Inveighs against the conduct of Henry in religious alterations, 247. Is 
invited to England by Henry, 247. Is created a
cardinal, and sent legate into Flanders, 247. Is suspected of aspiring to the 
crown, 248.- Enters into a conspiracy with some
English noblemen, who are discovered and executed, 248. His relations persecuted 
by the king, 256. His mother attainted
by parliament, 257. And executed, 268. Is proposed as a husband to Queen Mary, 
396. Why it did not take effect, 396. Is
invited to England in quality of legate, 397. Is stopped in his journey by the 
emperor, and why, 399. His attainder reversed,
and his blood restored by parliament, 410. Arrives in England, and invites the 
parliament to reconcile themselves to the see
of Rome, 410. Gives the parliament and kingdom absolution, 411. Debates with 
Bishop Gardiner on the expediency of
punishing heretics, 415. Is made archbishop of Canterbury, on the burning of. 
Cranmer, 435. His politic behavior, 435.
Opposes the queen's design of engaging the kingdom in Philip's quarrel with 
France, 435. His death and character, 446.
Polerone, in the East Indies, taken by the Dutch from the English, is agreed to 
be restored by treaty, v. 447. The English
again expelled, vi. 52. Is resigned to theD)utch, o5. Poll-money, first levied 
by parliament, and the alarming consequences of
it, ii. 282. A proportional poll-tax imposed by parliament, to assist Henry 
VIII. in his war with France, iii. 90. Poltrot
assassinates the duke #f Guise, at the siege of Orleans, iv. 59. Ponce, 
Constantine, confessor to the emperor Charles V., is
cruelly treatle by Philip of Spain for heresy, iv. 50. Poor, an act passed for 
raising'charitable contributions for them, iii. 376.
The first legal establishment for the subsistence of, when made, iv. 370. 
Popedom, its situation at the time of the Norman
invasion, i. 143. See Papacy, and Reformation. 

Page 520 
520 NDIEX. Popular government, the first beginnings of, in England, ii. 101. 
Population, observations on the properest
means of promoting, iii. 74. Porters of London petition the long parliament, v. 
212. Porto Rico, an attempt against, by
Francis Drake, iv. 289. Portsmouth, duchess of, mistress to King Charles II., 
how introduced to him, vi. 87. l'ortugal, the
kingdom of, revolts from the crown of Spain, v. 458. The princess Catharine of, 
married to Charles II. of England, vi. 24.
Post-house, at what sum farmed, in the protectorate of Oliver Cromwell v. 526. 
Post-master, instance of that office at the
time of Queen Elizabeth, iv. 370. Post-office is established by parliament, vi. 
8. Poultry, the established prices of, at the
beginning of the reign of Charles I., iv. 511. Poynings, Sir Edward, sent over 
to Ireland by Henry VII., to reduce the
malecontents.there, iii. 46. Passes the memorable statute which bears his name, 
46. Disappoints Perkin Warbec in his
designs uponl that kin!gdom, 49. Made comptroller by Henry VIII., and cjoselnof 
his privy council, 79. Prag.ue, battle of,
between the duke of Bavaria and Frederic, elector palatine, iv. 456. Preaching, 
the abuse of, restrained, and twelve homilies
published to read to the people, iii. 328. Further restrictions of, to prevent 
the people being distracted by opposite doctrines,
341. Prejeant, a French admiral, kills Sir Edward Howard in an engagement in 
Conquet Harbor, iii. 95. Invades the coast of
Sussex, and loses an eye, 96. Prelates, obnoxious ones, how treated by the court 
of Rome in the time of -Richard II., ii.
322. Premunire, penalty of, imposed on the Papists in certain cases by 
Elizabeth, iv. 142. Prtrogative, regal, the notions
entertained of, in the time of Elizabeth, iv. 336. Inquiry into the ancient 
prerogatives of the crown, 346. Apology for the
arbitrary exertions of, by James I., 414. The conllnons manifest an intention of 
limitina it, 416. A review of the various
articles of, claimed until the time of Charles I.. 498. Presbytery is 
established in Scotland by parliament, and the Catholic
religion suppressed, iv. 29. Cruel insults shown to Queen Ma~ry for her 
adherence to the Catholic religion, 37. The causes
of the morose severity of the Presbyterian clergy traced, 42. T'he rleaning of 
that term explained, v. 104, n. Distinctions
between Presbyterians and indepenldents, 281. Is established in England, 319. Is 
suppressed on the reformation of Charles
II., vi. 10; and by the act of uniformity, 20. The Presbyterian clergy ejected, 
27. Press, liberty of the, its'omnmencement, vi.
372. Preston, battle of, between Cromwell and the Scots under Hamilton and 
Langdale, v. 364. Pride, Colonel, violently
excludes and confines the Presbyterian members of the long parliament, v 368. 
Procures a petition to be signed by the
officers against the office of king, on the offer of that title to Crolnwell, 
476. P -iests and Jesuits, a severe law against them,
iv. 199. Plimauget, a French admiral, engages Sir Thomas Knlevet off the 
coast-of Brittany, and is blown up with him, iii. A.
Primne minister, reflections on the nature of this office, hitherto unknown il 
Europe. ii. 155. Prilhlogeniture, the advantages of
adhering to, in the succession of princes, ii. 394. Not understood in the 
earlier ages of the English history, 394. Printing, the
art. of, by whom first introduced into England, ii. 486, n. -- the inveption of, 
one of the causes of the quick progress of thO 

Page 521 
INDEX. 521 reformation, iii. 134. Restrictions- laid on the press by Elizabeth 
and Janies I., iv. 5J2. Proclamations, royal,
declared by parliament to have the force of laws, iii. 23.5. Reflections on this 
statute, 25.5. Oifences against theieml by
whom to be judged, 287.'l'This law repeaied,.39. Those of Queen Elizabeth 
enforced Ilore rigorously than laws by the star
chamber, iv. 453. King Jaraes's plea for the utility and necessity of issuing 
them, 417. Differ from lavws*417. Prophesying,
among the Puritans, explained, iv. 387. King James's sentinments-concerning, 
387. Protvctorate, the supreme government
altered to this, form, and Oliver Croinweil chosen, v. 444. The outlines of this 
form of government explained, 444. Peace
miade with the l)Dutch, 447. The nation divided into twvelve military 
jurisdictions, under so many major-generals, 453. See
Croomwell, Oliver, and Richard. Protestants, how the German reformers acquired 
that name, iii. 181. See Reformation.
Provisions, reflections on legal restrictions laid on the prices-of, ii. 
172.'lThe prices of, in the reign of Edward II., 172.
Provisors, the statute of, when first enacted, ii. 271. Enacted anew, ii. 321. 
Prynne, the principles advanced in his
Histrio-Mastyx, v. 76. His severe sentence for it in the star chalmber, 77. A 
repetition of his cruel usage for another offence,
83. His senitences reversed by the conimons, 137. Putfendorf, the Swedish agent 
at Paris, informls De Wit of the schemnes
of the English Iministry, vi. 85. Puls recommended to orators by Arist~-tle, iv. 
521, mm. Puritans, anl account of their
obstinate scruples in the infancy of the reformation, iv. 115. Are depressed by 
Queen Elizabeth, but countenancedby her
ministers, 119, 171. The court of ecclesiastical commlissioln iilstituted for 
the suppression of, 2 11. A severe law passed
against recusailts, 28). Petition King Jamles for relief agailist the sevelnties 
exercised against them, 38-. Con:erence at
Hampton Court, 385, 386. Their pretensions, 5 31. Their influence in promloting 
the dissatisfaction of the first parliamnent of
Charles I with him and Buckinghamn, v. 4. Transport themselves to America, until 
stopped by the kin~t, 84. Ullder
countenance of the pailiamnent, begin to attack the professed religion, 143, See 
Nonconformists. Purveyance, the hardships
of, i. 264. Frequently endeavored to be aboIi;.hed by pi:tllitment t in the time 
or Edward ILI., ii. 263. The nature of Ihat
prerogative of the crown expl ilned, iv. 2534. Pariiament'ry attempts to 
regulate it checked by Queeui Elizabeth, 26 5. Wasi
made use of by her to victual her navy, 352. Lord Bacon's speech against, 547. 
The comniulsus attempt to free the nation
frtom the burdein of, 335. An ineffectud.l treaty for the relinquishment of, 
419. Puzas, Hugh de, bishop of Darhaml. See
Durham. Pyrn, the sub)ject of his speech at the opening of the fourth 
parliarnent of'Charles I., v. 1t5. His speech aga:nst the
earl of Straiford in tile long parlianmelt, 138). Hiis c.;nduct on Stratford's 
trial, 160. Is appointed chairnman of the committee
of the lower house sitting during tile recees, 172. Is impe ached by the king, 
22-36. His death, anid the regard pail to him by
the parliam ent. 272. Pyrenees, treaty o0, between France and Spain, v. 500. Qnl 
mk!rs, the origin of that sect, v. 52:-.
Whelnce they derived their name, 521.'Their riotous zeal occasions their 
perieciltin, 521. Their singularitie.;, 522- Their
address to Jamles IL. oin hi. acceusion, vi 2u5, it. Queen dowaiger of'France 
tIkes refugre in the court of' Charles I, v. 147.
Is insulted onl account o' her religion, 147. Is requested to depart by 
the-commlon;, 143. Queens-of Emglald. See each
under their respective names. Qo- wua.ratow a-writ of, issued against the city 
of Louidon, vi. 2: The 44 * 

Page 522 
m2 IND-EX. pleadings in-behalf of the city, 258. Conditions on which the charter 
was restored, 259. Rains, extraordinary,
in the time of Richard III., which defeat the purposes of the duke of Buckingham 
against him, ii. 501. Rainsborow, Admiral,
is put aslbre by his fleet, which declares for the king, v. 358. Raleigh, 
Walter, goes over to France, a volunteer in the service
of the Htugonots, iv. 144. His first expedition to Guiana, 288. 4Publishes a 
lying account of that country, 288. Goes under
Lord Effinghamn in the expedition against Cadiz, 290. Attends Essex in another 
expedition, and takes Fayal, 293. Falls sick
while Essex is in disgrace, on the apprehension of his coming into favor again, 
314. His letter to Cecil, on the queen's
displeasure, 551. Is discountenanced by King James, 381. Enters into a 
conspiracy against James, 383. Is sentenced to
death, but reprieved, 384. Is grossly abused on trial by Sir Edward Coke, 384. 
Writes his History of the World, during his
long confinement in the Tower, 448. Spreads reports of a gold mine in Guiana, 
448. Is released, and obtains permission for
his expedition there, 448. His son killed by the Spaniards on landing, 450. Is 
disappointed in the mine, and plunders St.
Thomas, 450. Is carried back prisoner by his men, 451. Is executed, 4.52. A 
character of his History of the World, 526.
His conduct at Guiana inquired into, 562. Ralph de Guader, earl of Norfolk, 
reason of his conspiring against William the
Conqueror, i. 202. Peace concluded between them, 205. Randolf, the Eniglish 
ambassador in Scatland, his character of the
Scots reformers, iv. 41. Is sent by Elizabeth to interpose in favor of the earl 
of Morton, 179. Forms a party in opposition to
the earl of Lenox, 179. Ravaillac assassinates Henry IV. of France, iv. 420. 
Iavenna, battle of, between the French under
Gaston de Foix, and the Spanish and papal armies, iii. 89. Read, an alderman'of 
London, enrolled by Henry VIII. as a foot
soldier, for refusing a benevolence.to him, iii. 292. Reading, a council 
summoned there, to oppose the tyranny of
Longchamp, bishop of Ely, i. 377. Is besieged and taken by the earl of Essex, v. 
240. A garrison"established in, by the king,
256. Real presence, why the clergy were so much attached to the doctrine of, in 
the infancy of the reformation, iii. 351. The
point of, debated in convocation, 399. The debate renewed at Oxford, 400. 
Instance of Queen Elizabeth's attachment to
that doctrine, iv. 118, n. Recognition, act of, passed in the most ample terms, 
by the parliament-in favor of James I., iv. 560.
Records, judicial, how preserved among the Saxons, i. 165. Recusants, a severe 
law enacted against them, iv. 280.
Redwald, king of the East Angles, protects young Edwin against Adelfrid, king of 
Northumberland, i. 32. Defeats and kills
Adelfrid, 33. Conspired against, and killed, 33. Reformation, the first 
commencement of, in Germany, by Martin Luther, iii.
132. His doctrines spread among the Lollards in England, 133. Henrvy VIII. 
writes against Luther, and receives the title of
defender of the faith, from the pope, 133..Luther answers Henry acrimoniously, 
133. To what causes the quick progress of,
may be ascribed, 133. The pope declared to be Antichrist, and set at defiance by 
the reformers, 134. How the reformers
favored the civil power in their tenets, 135. The first steps towards, in 
England, 178. Progress of, 188. How far forwarded
by the appeal to private judgment, 202. Tindal makes a translation of the 
Scriptures, 205. A translation prepared by order
of convocation, 223. All authority of the bishop of Rome renounced, 231. 
Articles of faith prepared by the
convocation,'232. How far Protestant principles were favored in these articles, 
stated, 233. Suppression -of religious
houses, 220, 241. The law of the six articles passed, 253. Ihe 

Page 523 
INDEX. 523 Bible granted to every family, 258. Hospitals, colleges, and other 
foun4ations dissolved, and their revenues
seized by the king, 274. The chapter lands of Canterbury, York, and London 
extorted finom those sees, 274.'T'he litany, a
part of the public service, allowed to be celeorated in English, 299. The 
accessionof Edward VI. favorable to, 325. The
twelve homilies published, to be read to the people, 328. Penalties on denying 
the king's supremacy, 339. A new
communion service framed, 4341. Liturgy framed.by a committee of bishops and 
divines, 350. Gardiner, and other bishops,
deprived of their bishoprics, 368. The general antipathy at this time to Popery, 
369. The liturgy revised, 370. Articles of
religion framed, 370. The liturgy authorized by parliament, 375. The Catholic 
religion restored tby Queen Mary, 392. All
Edward's statutes relating to religion repealed, 395. The refbrmers persecuted, 
419. See Heresy. Cecil's arguments to
induce Queen Elizabeth to restore it, iv. 4. The queen's prudent caution in 
performing' it, 5. The-newly-erected monasteries
suppressed, 8. The queen declared governess of the church, 8. All Edward's 
statutes concerning religion eonfirmed, 9. A
solemn disputation, 9. The mass abolished, 10. The English liturgy restored, 11. 
The bishops degraded for non-compliance,
11. Progress of, in Scotland, 16. Rise of the association called the 
Congregation of the Lord, 17. Riot of Protestants at
Edinburgh, on the festival of St. Giles, 18. Riots of Knox's congregation at 
Perth, 20. See Congregation of the Lord. The
Catholic religion'suppressed in Scotland, and the Presbyterian discipline 
established, 29. Struggles in favor of, in France, 31.
Cruel insolence of the Scots reformers, to their queen, Mary, 37. Civil wars of 
France, 52. See Condi; Medicis, Catharine
de; Hugonots, etc. A character of the plan of, established in England, 115. 
Reflections on the conduct of reformers, 146.
Cruel severity of the emperor Charles V. towards the Flemish Protestants, 147. 
The Flemish Protestants revolt, 148.
Massacre of the Hugonots at- Paris, 157. The Catholic league formed in France 
against the Hugonots, 163. A review of
Elizabeth's conduct in religious matters, 170. Severe laws passed against 
Popery, 181. The exercise of the Catholic religion
totally suppressed by the strict law against Jesuits and Popish priests, 199. 
Regicides, trial and execution of, vi. 6, 24.
Reginald, sub-prior of Christ Church,'Canterbury, his clandestine election to 
that see on the death of Hubert, i. 407. Is sent
privately to Rome for confirmation,408. His imprudent conduct, 408. Rehearsal, a 
character of this satirical play, vi. 374.
Religious establishuments, the foundation of, iii. 129. houses, the number of, 
suppressed by Henry VIII., iii. 244. The
amount of their revenues, 244. See Monasteries. Relics, the artifices of, 
exposed on the dissolution of monasteries, iii. 242.
Remonstrance, an account of that framed and passed by the commons in the long 
parliament, v. 192. Reasoning of the
people on both sides with regard to it, 193. Is answered by the king, 198. 
Renaud, a Frenchman, takes the earl of Suffolk
prisoner, and is knighted by him,-ii. 394. Representatives to parliament, the 
first steps towards choosing them for counties, ii.
33. See Commons. Requesens, commendator of Castile, succeeds the duke of Alva in 
the command of the Low Countries,
iv. 166. His character, 166. Undertakes the siege of Leyden, 166. Dies, and his 
troops mutiny, which ruins the Spanish
affairs in the Low Countries, 168. Retainers, the term explained, iii. 70. This. 
disorder repressed by Henry VII., 70. Story
told of Henry, relating to, 71. The practice of, how destroyed, 71. Revenue of 
the Anglo-Norman kings of England, in what
it consisted, i. j60.. Crown lands, 460. Tailliages, 461. Scutage, 461. 
Danegelt, and moneyage, 462. Escheats, 462.
Wardships, 463. Fines, amerciamenta 

Page 524 
6;24 INDEX. and oblates, 464. State of, ordinary and extraordinary, at the time. 
of l]enry V., ii. 372. Amount of, inll Qlleen
Mary's timle, iii. 436. State of, in the reign of- James I., iv. 5.6. State of, 
in the protectorate of Rich ard Cromwell, v, 525.
State of, between the restoratioln and revolution, vi. 366. Reveinues, 
ecclesiastical, the alienation of, prohibited, iv. 9.
fRevolution, in 1688, coumpared with the deposition of Richard II., ii. 314 
IReynolds excites an insurrection in
No.rthalnptonshire, to destroy enclo sures, iv. 411. Ribaulnont, Eustace de, his 
encounter with Edward III. at Calais, ii. 234.
Yields himself prisoner, and is generously treated, and set at liberty by him, 
23.5. Rhe, Isle of, attacked by the duke of
Buckingham, v. 29. Rheimns, Charles VII., attended by Joan d'Arc, marches in 
there, and is crowned, ii. 396. Rhodes, the
knights of, choose Henry VII. of England protector of their order, iii. 60. 
Richard,'second son of Henry II., invested by his
father with the duchy of Guienne, and county of Poictou, i. 335. Instigated by 
his mnother, Eleanor, to revolt against his
father, 337. Is reconciled to his father, 346. Refuses homage to his elder 
brother for his duchy, 351.. The difference
compromnised by their father, 351. Becomes entitled to the successionl by his. 
brother Henry's death, 3.52. Refuses his
father's assignment of Guienlne to his brother John, 352.'Resigns it to his 
mother, Eleanor, 152. Is encouraged to rebel again
by Philip of France, 35.5. ExcoLnmunicated by Albano, the pope's legate., 356. 
Peace concluded with his father, and he- is
contracted to Alice, sister of Philip of France, 357. His remorse on seeing his 
father's.body, 358. His accession, 365. - I.
discountenances his former evil ad'isers, and caresses his father's ministers, 
i. 365. Releases his mother, and nmakes her
regent ultil his arrival in England, 365. Prepares for a crusade to the Holy 
Land, 366. Jews prohibited by an edict friom
appearing at his coronation, 366. A massacre of, on that occasion, 367. His 
etxpedient to raise mioney for the crusade, 368.
Sells the vassalage of Scotland, 368, this reply to Fulk, curate of Neuilly, 
369. In whose hands he placed the adliiifistration
during his absence on the crusade, 369. Meets Philip of France, with his army, 
at Vezelay, 370. Renews Wis engagemlkents
of friendship with Philip,' 370. Emibarks his army' at Marseilles, 370. Is 
obliged to winter at Messina, 370. His character,
and that of Philip, compared, 370. The occasion of his attacking the'Sicilians, 
and taking ilMessina, 371. His disputes with
Philip, 272. Sets aside his colltract with Alice, and proposes to imiarry 
Berengaria, daughter of Sanchez, king of Navarre,
373. Is attended on his crusade by his bride, and his sister Joan, queen dowager 
of Sicily, 373. Some of his vessels
wrecked and pillaged on the'coast of Cyprus, 373. Conquers and imprisons Isaac, 
prince of Cyprus, 373. Espouses
Berengaria there, 374. Arrives in Palestine, and assists at the siege of Acre, 
374. Engages to support the pretensions- of
Guy de Lusignian to the kingdomu of Jerusalelm, in opposition to Conrade, 
marquis -of lMontferrat, 375. Troubles in
England'during his absence, 376. Confers the kingdom of Cyprus on Ilsigna-, on 
condition of his quitting Ilis preten.sions to
Jerusalel, 379. Defeats Saladin, 38). Is obliged to abandon the intention of 
besieging Jerusalem, 38). Concludes a trulce with
Sala.din fr three years, three mo1uthsi three weeks, thr'ee days, and three 
hours, 389. lis coruel tre, - mnient of his
prisoners, 381. Ls arrested, on his return, by Leop,lld. dtae of Austria, 381. 
Is delivered up to the einperor, lieN \V I., vwho
imnprisons him in irons, 382. Is carried to, anld accused before, the diet;t 
Worims, 384. His. spirited reply,' 384. Ransoms
himlself, 385. His rausom, how levied according to the feudil: sy$temh,' 386 
QObti&,. his 

Page 525 
1NDEX. 525 liberty, and escapes e second arrest by the emperor, 386. Is -again 
crowed at. WVinchester.:387. Goes over
to Normanlald to revengre himnself on Philip's perfidyl, 337. I)efeats Philip at 
Fretteval, 388. Concludes a truce \with him.
388. His t)rother Jf,)hi subinits. to him, -388. Ma;kes peace Wvth Phil p at 
Loiviers, which is qiickly br)ken, 38.) Takes the
bish')!p of Beyanlss i piso er, and sellds has 0o1t mof ]ail to the pope 38). - 
Con1ltdle- a triace with Ph;l p for fi\e years,
3'39. Is woIIndled inl bes. ec ncg V- dom u', co-unt of Limo es,.39'). he 
gallant repls itf (;,irdoii, the archer, who shot hum,
3.). I is semlsilnlirs of th ret;.rt.:t1:) Die.s. 3)S His cha.ractei, 39). 
Ieflcctions on lis reign, 391.- Miscellanleous a iiirs,:31.
Richard -I., his acce-ssinll, ii. 273 Stlte of parties at that juncture, 279. 
Form of governmenit t settled bh par-liilmlent during
his nlinmorit),'80). Council;pi)oinlted, 28). The addui:lstration, how 
cm)ducted, 281. tis einarriasstOents at his accession,
281. WVar with France, 282. Popular insurreetimlos, T24 Has a conference with 
wVat TSler,'t28. HIis prt-o deilt behavior
at theideath of Tyler, 238. Reilectionis on this aft lir, 286. Heads the annry 
aainst the Scots, 287. Bairns' Edinburrgh, Perth,
and Dundee, 287. Returns to England preinaturely, 237. His atttlchnlent to 
Rohert de Vere, earl of Oxtord, 288 Awed by
his parlihameit, 2!). DepiivPd ot his reagI pweer tby a cotnicil of fourteen, 
atlpoilitedl bl his uncle Gloucester, 2.)1, Fails in
the enldeavor to influence the election of the house of conummons, 2)2. 
Coiistlts the jiudges on the va!idtv of his
commnission to the council of four teen. 292.'heir opinion, 292. Violent 
proceedingrs against his ministry by the. duike of
Glotcester, 2)94. His and his q ieeii Alnne, their -iniefe:tol l concern at the 
execution of Sir Simnon Burley, 295, Exerts
himself, and removes Archbishop Fitz-Alan from his )ffice of chtlncellor, 21)6. 
Removes Gloucester aiid -Warwick from the
council. 29,0. Truce with France, and niarriagm e of Richard and Isalella of 
France, 2)8. Seizes the charter of I ondol, and
the character of his tdministrlation, 2)8. Decla?-es!M-ortimner successor, 
3)'..Hrries Gle orce.-ter over ts Cala s, aild ases
his faction, 3)1. Proceed-ings againl-;t his parts,.3!)2. - Pr-,ulres Gloucester 
to be inurdleed at Cdlais, 3)3. Cre:-tion of
peers, 303. Removes the parliillent t to Shrewsbinry, 304. Their.rrlnts to him 
3)4. Prev-ents the duel between the dukes
of'Herefo.d anrd Norfolk, and banishes themi, 3 6. Op oses the sou cession of 
Hemef'ordc to the dltkedcmi of Lancaster, 3
)7. Eilh:lrks for Irel ind, 308. Leaves the altke of Yorl giuardianll f the 
reatnm, o')8. itetumr's to oppose the i svtsiorn of the
dklte of Lalicister, 309. Seized bv the cluke'of Niirth miheiti(rl: d. aind 
onfi'ned in Fllilt Castle. 3:19. HI-emls oif Ic Is titon
Itcell rreCd tr: inl-: t hill ii Icarlioan it 3'1). Co op - is-n hbetweenl thi-; 
cr;lod,f hi tinv atld.. the iresxoliiti -n in 1688, 3Lti.
Deposed t!y parilitleuent,:314.'Mllr-erc.dql in Po iiFr t Catstle, 3106. flis 
character. 316. Compalrison bietwveen, and
Eddward III., 317. Mismclla.neous transactions dinming this reign, 318. 
Comparison between his situation and that of
Charles VI. of France, 3i50. III., the first acts of his addniinistration, ii. 
496. Appoints the duke of BIuckinaham constable,
497. Reflectioirs on his seizure of the crown, 497. Proctures Buckingham's 
execuition, for rehelling agaiinst him a 52f )htltlis
-a pllrliime(-t;: irv slanetio of his  soveieignt, 5;)2..7til' eI t: ) u,i,,n hi- 
i e e-kn t} mLakeo roon'; h- m arl'ic-te w ith ih! i:hi.'s-
Fti ethi it -iY Pre):i-ires to o~pp'-.e thr, ii]v:silin 0 tie carl] e' c.i. ) 
iii - no).l,5 1 liii?.m nqlu,(i-cc- of liis {I VI ))aty 50!)5.
3Battle of t13-)o-,,rt}c.5 i5. Killed. 5 od )6 c.lic hr:e-ter, m ri. 
tUicenm:)unt. Arthuir, Cioiiiit cd, t.iken i pisiouer -t the hattle
of Azincour, ii. 358. Releiised on his t}arile, 377. 1svades his pasirde,n the 
deiath o0 Henrr V., 377. Oitaiins the dlike of
B13itrccundy's-.Sister hs -the regent's interest. 3c77. LEnacge-d in the EiTlish 
interest, 377. Atteris tle con gress at Arias, 4
63. Richelieu, Cardinal, prime minister of France, his character, v 26. Rivals 

Page 526 
626 INDEx. the duke of Buckingham in his addresses to the queen of France, 2& 
Throws a mole across the harbor of
Rochelle, to complete the blockade, 50. Supplies the Covenanters in Scotland 
with money, 106. The con. elusion of his
administration, and death, 456. Richmond, Henry, earl of, carried into Brittany 
by the earl of Pembroke, on-the
establishment of the York family in Edward IV., ii. 472. His pedigree, 498. 
Measures taken for his safe custody by Edward,
499 Edward disappointed in a scheme for getting him. into his power, 499 
Overtures for his marriage with the princess
Elizabeth, 500. Makes an unsuccessful attempt for a descent on England, 501. His 
party exhort him to- another speedy
attempt, 504. Lands at Milford Haven, 504. Battle of Bosworth, 505. Richard III. 
killed, 506. See Henry VII.,duke of,
natural son of Henry VIII., made lord lieutenant of Ireland, iii. 399. Ridley, 
bishop of London, pleads with Edward VI. in
behalf of the princess Mary, iii. 370. Is imprisoned on the accession of Queen 
Mary, 392. Is sent, under a strong guard, to
Oxford, to debate on transubstantiation, 400. Is burnt for heresy, together with 
Bishop Latimer, 422. Right. See Petition of
Right. Rinuccini is, by the pope, sent nuncio to the Irish Catholics, v. 391. 
Excites the Irish to break the pacification
concluded with Ormond, 391. Is driven out of Ireland, 392. Riots, a severe 
statute passed against, iii. 364. Rippon, treaty
of, between Charles I. and the Scots Covenanters, v. 123. Is adjourned to 
London, 125. Rivers, earl of, uncle to Edward
V., intrusted with the care of his person. ii. 485. Hijs character, 486. The 
first who introduced the art of printing into
England, 486, n. Arrested by the duke of Gloucester, while conducting the young 
king to London, 487. Murdered in
Pomfret Castle, 489. Rizzio, David, some account of his introduction to the 
court of Mary, queen of Scotland, iv. 72. His
promotion and character, 73. Excites the jealousy of Darnley, the queen's 
husband, 73. Incurs the hatred of the Protestants,
74. A conspiracy formed against him by the chancellor Morton, 74. Is 
assassinated in the queen's presence, 75. Robbery,
instances of the general practice of, at the time of Henry III., ii. 66. Robert 
III., king of Scotland, his character, ii. 336. His
son taken prisoner by Henry IV. of England, 337. Dies of grief, 337. eldest son 
of William the Conqueror, his character, i.
209, 221. -Revolts against his father, 211. Extraordina-ry rencounter between 
him and his father, 211. Reconciled to him,
212. Returns to England, and repulses the Scots, 212. Succeeds to the duchy of 
Normandy, 221. Mortgages his dominions
to his brother, and enters th6e crusade, 231. His reputation on the crusade, 
241. Hlow he lost the kingdom of England, 241.
Returns, and invades England, 247. Enters into an accommodation with his brother 
Henry I., 248. Distressed by his
remissness, 249. Rocheford, Lord, brother to Queen Anne Boleyn, is accused by 
his wife of intimacy with his sister, iii. 224.
Is confined by the king's order, 225. Is tried, together with the queen, 226. Is 
condemned, 227., viscountess of. calumniates
Queen Anne Boleyn to Henry VIII., iii. 224. Conducts the secret amours of Queen 
Catharine Howard, 273. Is beheaded,
together with the queen, 274. Rochelle, Per-eaington ordered to assist in the 
reduction of, deserts, and sails back to
England, v: 8. A squadron sent by the Dutch against, 9. Buckingham brings a 
fleet and forces to assist the town, and is
ignorantly refused admittance, 29. The blockade effected by throwing a mole 
across the harbor, 50. Is forced to surrender
at discretion, 50. 

Page 527 
iNDEX. 527 Rochester, the castle of, taken from the barons by King John, and the 
common men of the garrison hanged, i.
435. *-, earl of, a character of his poems, vi. 375. Rockingham, a synod 
summoned there by William Rufus, to depose
Anselm, archbishop of Canterbury, i. 234. Rocroy, defeat of the Spaniards there, 
by the prince of Cond6, v. 458. Rodolphi,
a Florentine merchant in London, is employed by the pope to negotiate with the 
Catholics-in England, iv. 150. Is engaged by
the Spanish ambassador to disturb the government in favor of Mary, queen of 
Scots, 150. The duke of Norfolk enters into
his scheme, 151. Goes to Rome to mature his'design, 151. PRoger, earl of 
Hereford, cause of his conspiring against William
the Conqueror, i. 202. His estate forfeited, and himself confined for life, 205. 
-, archbishop of York, crowns Prince HHenry,
when associated with his father, Henry II., i. 318. Suspended at Becket's 
instigation, 319. Complains to the king, and the
consequences of this complaint, 321. Circumstances of a quarrel between himi and 
Richard, archbishop of Canterbury, 363.
Rogers, prebendary of St. Paul's, burnt for heresy, iii. 420. Rollo the Dane, 
his history, i. 105. Makes inroads into France,
106. Set. ties in Neustria, and marries the daughter of Charles the Simple, 107. 
His prudent government, 108. See
Normandy. Romans, their first arrival in Britain, i. 4. Subdue it all except 
Caledonia, 7. Abandon it, 9. Refuse assistance to
the Britons, 10. ~ Rome,-refiections on the policy of the court of, i. 255. The 
venal principles of the court of, in the reign of
Henry III., ii. 21. Church of, when at the summit of its power, 67. A character 
of the decretals of Pope Gregory IX., 68.
Remarks on the new'orders instituted by, 68. Our literary obligations to 
the-ancient clergy of, 507. The bad principles on
which the church of, is founded, iii 129. Its encroachments on civil authority, 
130. Favorable, however, to the restoration of
the arts, 130. Consequence of the sale of indulgences by Pope Leo X., 132. See 
Luther, and Reformation. Its authority
renounced by the English convocation and parliament, 196. Reflections on this 
event, 198. See Reformation.. City of, taken
and sacked by the imperial troops, 158. Rood of Grace, a miraculous crucifix, 
the artifice of, exposed at Paul's Cross, by
Hilsey, bishop of Rochester, iii. 243. Roper, Sir Anthony, is fined, by the star 
chamber, for converting arable land to
pasture, v. 80. Rose, red and white, party distinctions -of the houses of 
Lancaster and York, ii. 445. Remarks on the
confused history of the wars between, 458. Rosewel, a Presbyterian preacher, his 
prosecution for treasonable words, vi.
274. Rosni, marquis of, minister to Henry IV. of France, comes over to Dover, to 
confer with Queen Elizabeth, iv. 331.
Discovers Elizabeth to have entertained the same views with Henry, of 
establishing a new system of policy in Europe, 331.
Is sent ambassador from Henry IV. of France to King James, on his accession, 
381. Proposes to James a league against the
house of Austria, 382. Concludes a treaty with James, for the sup. port of the 
United Provinces, 382. Rouen, besieged and
taken by Philip of France, i. 405. The king of Navarre mortally wounded at the 
siege of, iv. 54. Is taken by MIontmorency,
and the garrison put to the sword, 54. Roundheads, the appellation of, when and 
to whom given, v. 203. Roundway Down,
battle of, between Lord Wilmot and Sir William Wallet v. 246. Routiers. See 
Brabanqons. Roxborough, James II. of
Scotland killed at the siege of, ii. 448. Royal Society, the first institution 
of, vi. 373. 

Page 528 
528 INDEX. Rufus. See VWilliam Rufus. Rumip pailiament, the restoration of the 
long one so termed. See Parlia ment.
hIunnellnde, the Great Charter of English liberties signed there by King John, 
i. 42'39. he principal heads of this chartle, 42J.
Reminarks upon it, 431 See COarter. Rupert, Prince,.oli of the elector palitine. 
offers his service to Charles I. and
comnniands a hody of horse for hin, v. 235. Defeats a party of Essex's army at 
WVm'rcester, 235. Defeats the left wing of
Es-ex's arlniy at Edge-hill, 236. Surprises Essex, and carries off booty and 
prisoners, 246. Is sent westward to join the
Cornish troops, 248. Takes Bristol, 218. Obliges the parliamentary forces to 
retire fromn Newark, 273. Marches to the.
relief of York, 275. Engages rashly i n the battle of Mlarston Moor, where he is 
defeated, 275. Urges the battle of Naseby,
310. Retires to Bristol, 313. Capitulates, is dismlissed by the king, and leaves 
England, 314. Commands the squadron which
deserted to Charles 11., and is harassed by Admiral Blake, 423.'Takes refuge in 
Fran-ce, 423. Connmands utinder the
duke of' York against the Dutch, vi. 40. Joins Albemarle during his engagement 
with Tromp and De lRuyter, 47. Obtains the
command of the English fleet, 118. Enrgages the Dutch on their own coast, 118. 
Another action, 119. Another at the mouth
of the Texel, 120. Is appointed one of the privy council, 200, In. His death, 
277, n. -Was the inventor of etching, 370.
Russel, Lord, suppresses an insurrection in Devonshire, excited to oppose the 
reformation, iii. 357. Is created earl of
Bedford, 364. See Bedford., Lord, privately favors the French intrigues, but 
refuses to accept any present from that court,
vi. 156, ns. Is made one of the privy council to -Charles II., 230, mn. Resigns, 
217. His character, 217. Enters into the duke
of Monmouth's conspiracy, 261. Is sent to the Tower, 265.'ried, 266. Is 
condemned, 268. Is executed, 273. Ruthven,
Lord, assists with others in assassinating David Rizzio, iv. 74. — A, governor 
of Plymouth for the parliament, is defeated by
the royalists on Bradoc Down, v. 244. Rutland, earl of, created duke of 
Albemarle by Richard II., ii. 303. Degraded, 316.
Conspires against Henry IV., and betrays his associates, 327. Summnary view of 
his treacherous behavior, 328. Killed at
the battle of Azincour, being then duke of York, 358. Ruyter. See De Ruyter. 
Rye-house plot, history of, vi. 263..Sa, Don
Pantaleon, brother to the Portuguese ambassador, hanged by Cromwell for 
assassination, v. 448. Sadler, Sir Ralph,
ambassador from Henry VIII. to the court of Scotland, concludes a treaty of 
marriage between Prince Edward and Mary,
the infant queen of Scotland, iii. 283.'His retinue insulted, at the instigation 
of Cardinal Beaton, 284. His demand of the
stipulated hostages evaded by Arran, the regent, 284. Orders the Scots prisoners 
on parole to return to England, 284. Is
made counsellor to the regency of Edward VI., 320. Assists in restoring the 
advantage to the English, at the battle of Pinkey,
337..Is appointed one of the commissioners for determining the cause between 
Mary, queen of Scots, and Murray, the
regent, iv. 103. Safety, committee of, elected, v. 498. General Monk's artful 
behavior to, 50 ). Saladin, king of Egypt, his
character, i. 353. Recovers Palestine from the crus:iders, 353. Acre taken from 
him by the Christians, 375. Is defeated by
the Christians under Richard I. of England, 380. Concludes a truce with Richard, 
380. Review of his conduct in this war,
380. Dies, 381. Instance of his philosophy, 381. Salic law of succession to the 
crown of France, the foundation of, traceL.
ii. 192. Attempted to be introduced into the English government' 

Page 529 
IND=E 529 Henry IV., 340. Revoked at the instance of the house of commons, 340. 
Salisbury, an insurrection of royalists
there, under the protectorate, who proclaim Charles II., v. 453. ~- ~ —, earl 
of, natural brother to King John, commands
the English fleet against Philip of France, and destroys his ships in their 
harbor, i. 421. -- -, countess of, mistress to Edward
III., the dropping of her garter supposed to be the occasion of instituting the 
order of the garter, ii. 336. - -, earl of, besieges
Orleans, ii. 385. Killed before the town, 386. --, earl, instance of generalship 
in, at the battle of Blore Heath, ii. 435. Taken
by Queen Margaret, at the -battle of Wakefield, and beheaded, 440. --—, countess 
of, mother of Cardinal Pole, is attainted
and condemned by- parliament, but reprieved, iii. 257. Executed, 268. whh —-, 
Secretary Cecil created earl of, by James
I., iv. 381. Causes which procured his promotion, 381. Communicates to the king 
the hints he received of the gunpowder
plot, 403. Is made treasurer, 412. Expostulates with the parliament on the 
king's necessities, 412. Invents the title of
baronet, to supply James with money by the sale of it, 432. Sallee is destroyed 
by an English fleet, v. 83. Sanchez, king of
Navarre, instance of his confidence in the justice.of Henry II. of England, i. 
361. His daughter Berengaria married to Richard
I., 373. Sandilands, Sir James, is sent from the parliament to Queen Mary in 
France, to obtain a ratification of their
proceedings in reforming religion, iv. 30. Sandwich, earl of, fails in 
attempting to seize the Dutch East India fleet, in the
Danish harbors, vi. 43. Is killed at the battle of Solebay, 103. Sanquhir, Lord, 
executed ftr assassination, iv. 424. Santa
Croce, marquis of, is appointed to command the Spanish armada, iv. 254. Dies, 
259. Santa Cruz, a Spanish fleet burnt in
the harbor of, by Admiral Blake, v. 463. Savile, Sir John, a zealous commoner 
against the court, is promoted and ennobled
by King James I., iv. 466. Savoy, a conference there, between twelve bishops and 
twelve Presbyterian ministers, vi. 16.
Savoy, Philibert, duke of. See Philibert. Sautr6, William, rector of St. 
Osithes, the first person butnt in England for heresy, ii.
329. Saxons, national character of, i. 13. Artive in Britain, under Hengist and 
Horsa, 14. Subdue Britain, and settle there,
16. Their conquests in Britain very ruinous to the country, 21. Throw' back all 
the British improvements into ancient
barbarity, 21. After subduing the Britons, war against each other, 21. 
Difficulty of continuing their history, and why, 21. Brief
view of their idolatrous religion, 23. - Made but slow improvement in arts in 
England, 46. Their bigotry and superstition. 47,
48. Their gradual ecclesiastical subjection to the see of Rome, traced, 48. 
Their theological disputes, 49. Reduced to
despair by the ravages of the Danes, 61. Admit the Danes to settle with them, 
after defeating them, 64. Their monks
characterized, 84. Their affected austerities, 84. Opposed by the secular 
clergy, 87.. Review of the Saxon government in
England, 152. The succession of their princes, how regulated, 153. Account of 
their wittenagemot, or national council, 154.
Earl and alderman, synonymous appellations among, 478. Their government 
aristocratical, towards the time of the Norman
conquest, 157. State of popular liberty among, 160. Several orders of men among, 
162. Their tourts of jus' ice, IN4. State
of legislation among, 165. UTeir criminal VOL. VI. 45 H 

Page 530 
538 law, 166. Their military force, 174. Public revenues, 174. Value fI money 
among, 174. Their manners inquired into,
177. Finally subddr4 by NWilliam, duke of Normandy, 150, 178. See Harold, and 
William. Their laws, compared with the
civil law, ii. 510. Saxony, Maurice, elector of. See Maurice. Scandal and 
reproach, instances of the severe punishment of,
by the court of star chamber, v. 80. scone, the famous stone there, on which the 
kings of Scotland were anointed, carried to
London by Edward I., ii. 109. Robert Brace crowned there, 135. Edward Baliol 
crowned there, 189. Charles II. crowned
there, v. 414. ~&otland, and Scots: the Scots and Picts invade Britain, i. 10. 
King Con - stantine defeated by Athelstan,
king of England, 80, 81. King Duncan killed by Macbeth, 130. Macbeth killed, and 
Malcolm -restored, 130. King William,
taken prisoner by Henry II., does homage, with all his nobility, for his ransom, 
346. The vassalage of, sold by Richard I., to
raise money for his crusade, 368. Remarks on the ancient history of, ii. 80. 
Alexander III., king of, marries the sister of
Edward I., 80. Dies, 80. Is succeeded by Margaret of Norway, 80. Guardians 
appointed durin her infancy, 80. A treaty of
marriage negotiated between her and Prince Edward of England, 81.. She dies on 
her passage to Scotland, 82. Competitors
for the crown of, 82, 88. Their claims referred to the decision of Edward I. of 
England,'83. An inquiry into the nature of the
homage done by the kings of, to those of England, 84. The parliament of, and the 
competitors for the crown, attend the
summons of Edward to Norham, south of the Tweed, 86. Edward asserts his right to 
dispose of the crown, as liege of the
kingdom, 86. The fortresses in, delivered up to Edward, 89. The barons and 
prelates swear fealty to him, 89. Edward
decides in favor of John Baliol's right to the crown, 90. Baliol swears fealty 
to Edward, and is put in possession of the
kingdom, 90. The Scots, and their new king, provoked at Edward's acts of 
usurpation over them, 91. Assign a council to
carry on the administration, and assemble an army to oppose the forces of 
Edward, 107. Berwick taken by Edward, and
the garrison put to the sword, 108. The Scots defeated by Earl Warrenne, and the 
Castle of Dunbar surrendered to
Edward, 108. Roxborough taken, 108. Edinburgh, and the whole country, subdued, 
108. Baliol swears fealty to him, 108.
Baliol carried prisoner *to London, and committed to the Tower, 109. Earl 
Warrenne left governor of, 109. The Scots
abandoned by Philip of France, in consequence of his treaty with Edward, 121. 
WVarrenne, returning to England, leaves the
administration in the hands of Ormesby and Cressingham, 121. Their oppressions 
of the Scots, 121. The Scots rise against
the English, under William Wallace, 122. Gain a victory over Warrenne, 124. 
Wallace made regent, 124. The regencyj
given to the steward, and Cumming of Badenoch, on Wallace's resignation, 125. 
The Scots army defeated by Edward at
Falkirk, 126. Apply to France for succor, but are refused, 128. Engage Pope 
Boniface in their interest, 128. John de
Segrive left guardian of, by Edward, who is defeated by the Scots, 129. Is again 
subdued by Edward, 130. Young Robert
Bruce arrives in Scotland, and spirits up the nobility to a revolt, 133, 134. 
Bruce is crowned at Scone, 135. tHe reduces the
English in Scotland, and is acknowledged by the whole country, 151. - Bruce 
defeats Edward at Bannockburn, 153. The
independency of, established by this victory, 154. He invades England on the 
death of Edward II., 179. The nature of the
war made by the Scots, and their army, described,- 179. Death of Robert Bruce, 
and accession of his son David, 186.
State of, a.t this period, 187. The earl of Marre appointed regent on the death 
of Murray, 187. Marre defeated and slain by
Edward Baliol, 188. SHe is crowned at Scone, 189. Is routed by Sir Archibald 
Douglas, and flies to England, 189. Douglas
defeated by Edward III. of England, and Edward Baliol restored, 190. 

Page 531 
INDEX. 531 He is acknowledged no longer than protected by the presence of the 
Eniglish forces, 191. King David
defeated and taken prisoner by Queen Philippa, 231. Is ransomed, 247. An express 
inquiry into thb nature of the homage
paid by the kings of, to' those of England, 515. The Scots obtain assistance 
from France to invade England, and their condlc
in these incursions, 287. Disoblige their allies, who return home, 287. Invade 
England again, but are worsted, 331. Battle of
Homeldon, 331. Prince James taken prisoner by Henry IV., and educated in 
England, 337. Carried to France by Henry V.,
367. The Scots army in France refuse to obey their young king while.in 
captivity, 367. James I. restored, 378. Murdered,
378. Affairs of, during the reign of Henry VI. and beginning of Edward IV., 447. 
State of, in the time of Henry VII., iii. 20.
James IV. receives and assists Perkin Warbec, 49. Marries Margaret, eldest 
daughter of Henry, 61. The Scots routed at the
battle of Flouden, and James killed, 101. His queen, Margaret, marries Douglas, 
earl of Angus, 109. The duke of Albany
called over to the regency, 110. The state of, as it appeared to Albany on his 
arrival, 110. Confusions in, on Albany's going
over to France, 112. Reasons in favor of alliances with France or England 
contrasted, 139. Extraordinary case of Patrick
Hamilton, burnt for heresy, 268. Friar Forrest burnt, 269. The reformation 
spreads in, 270. Henry declares war against,
279. Sir Robert Bowes defeated by the lords Hume and Huntley, 280. Battle of 
Solway, 281. Death of James V., 281. The
infant Queen Mary contracted to Prince Edward of England, 283. Invaded by Henry 
VIII., and Edinburgh burnt, 292. The
English defeated at Ancram, 295. Is included in the peace of Campe, between 
Henry and Francis, 299. "History of Wishart,
the reformer, 331. Cardinal Beaton assassinated, 333. Its misfortunes at this 
time, owing to a succession of minorities, 333.
T'he duke of Somerset prepares to prosecute the war with, 334. His manifesto, 
334. The Scots prepare to repel Somerset,
335. Battle of Pinkey, 336. The young Queen Mary sent to France, 343. The earl 
of Arran resigns the regency to the queen
dowager, 441. The young queen Mary married to the dauphin, 442.. English 
reformers protected there from the
persecutions of Queen Mary, iv. 16. Account of the association called the 
Congregation of the Lord, 17. See Congregation,
and Guise, Mary of. Treaty of Edinburgh, 28. Settlement of the administration 
during the queen's absence by this treaty, 28.
The Catholic religion suppressed, and the Presbyterian discipline established, 
by parliament, 29. Queen Mary arrives, on the
death of her husband, 34. The queen-exposed to insults for her adherence to the 
Catholic religion, 36. The poverty of the
reformed clergy there, 41. The ecclesiastical.benefices, how assigned by the 
privy council, 42. Mary married to the lord
Darnley, 68. A confederacy formed against Mary at Stirling, which is encouraged 
by Elizabeth, 69. The rebels driven into
England, 70. Mur der of Darnley, 82. Mary married to Bothwell, 88. Reflections 
of the people on these events, 88. Mary
imprisoned in Lochlevin Castle, 92. Mary forced to resign the crown, and her son 
James VI. crowned, 95. Arrival of
Murray, the regent, 95. The settlement of the crown and administration confirmed 
by parliament, 96. Battle of Langside, 98.
Mary flies to England, 98. Her cause examined before English commissioners, 103, 
110. Murray, the regent, assassinated,
129. The earl of Lenox appointed regent, 129. He is put to death by MIurray's 
party, and the earl of Marre chosen, 155.
Morton made regent on the death' of Marre, 155. Discontents and factions against 
Morton, 177. Moiton tried and
executed, 179. A conspiracy.of nobles formed, who seize the young King James, 
190. James escapes from them, 195. Earl
of Arran degraded, 197. A defensive alliance entered into between James and 
Elizabeth, 214. Queen Mary sentenced to
death by English commissioners, 229. And executed, 244. The hostile laws 
between, and England, abolished, 409. The
natural consequences of their king 

Page 532 
532 INDEX. succeeding to the crown of England, 440. View of the state of 
religlon there, 441. James obtains the
jurisdiction of bishops to be acknowledged, 442. The establishment of Episcopal 
authority and ceremonies opposed, 442.
The nature 6f the excommunication pronounced by the ecclesiastical courts in, 
444. Behavior of Black, minister of St.
Andrews, 444. Seditious principles of the clergy there, 445. Some of the 
refractory ministers punished on his accession to
the crown of England, 445. The general assembly submit to regal and Episcopal 
authority, 445. A court of high commission
erected, 445. Altercations between James and the clergy, 446. Consequences of 
the influence of the nobility, and the
absence of the king, v. 94. Discontents of the inferior clergy there, 95. 
Introdiuction of the canons and liturgy, 97. A tumult
at Edinburgh on occasion of the liturgy, 99. The covenant established, 101. 
Episcopacy abolished by the general assembly,
105. The Covenanters assisted by Cardinal Richelieu, 105. The. Covenanters raise 
forces, and secure the whole country,
106. Their zeal inflamed by Michelson, the prophetess, 107. Charles marches with 
a force to Berwick, 108. A pacification
concluded with the Covenanters, 110. A letter from the malecontents to the king 
of France intercepted, 113. Another
armament sent against them, 122. The Scots army rout Lord Conway at Newburn, 
122. They take possession of
Newcastle, 122. Treaty of Rippon, 123. Are attacked by Strafford, 124. The army 
disbanded by the English house of
commons, 172. The lords of articles abolished, on the arrival of Charles, 174. 
Reflections and views of the Covenanters, on
the breaking out of the civil war in England, 259. Send comm'ssioners to the 
king, at Oxford, to offer a mediation, 260.
Summon, by their own authority, a convention of states, 261. The solemn league 
and covenant framed with the English
commissioners, 261. Raise an4 army to assist the English parliament, 263. The 
king puts himself into the hands of the Scots
army before Newark, 323. Deliver up the king to the parliament for the payment 
of the arrears of the army, 327. Their
commissioners affronted by the independent faction in the long parliament, 356. 
Their commissioners concert a treaty with
the king, for arming in his favor, 356. Parties distinguished there at this 
time, 356. The royalists defeated by Cromwell, 364.
Charles II. proclaimed after his father's execution, 389. Commissioners sent to 
Breda, to propose terms to Charles, 400.
Cruel and insulting treatment and execution of Montrose, 403. Treatment of 
Charles on his landing, 407. Numbers burnt for
witchcraft, 409. Battle of Dunbar, 412. Charles crowned at Scone, 414. Charles 
marches into England, 416. Is routed by
Cromwell at Worcester, 417. Stirling Castle reduced by Monk, and the records of 
the kingdom sent to London, 425.
Dundee and other towns taken, 425. The kingdom submits to the commonwealth, 425. 
The civil administration of, under the
protectorate of Oliver Cromwell, 470. The forts raised and troops disbanded by 
Charles II. on his restoration, vi. 13. A
parliament, 13. Prelacy tacitly restored, 13. Sharp made archbishop of St. 
Andrews, 14. Trial and execution of Argyle and
others, 14. Lord Lorne condemned, but pardoned by the king, 67. Proceedings of 
parliament, 67. Arbitrary imposition of
fines under the act of indemnity, 68. Disorders occasioned by the 
reestablishment of Episcopacy, 69. And by violent
measures to suppress conventicles, 70. Insurrection and renewal of the covenant, 
71. The insurgents routed by Dalziel, 71.
Cruel execution of the Covenanters, 71. The attempts to reconcile the people to 
Episcopacy without effect, 161. A
parliament, 162. Severe law against conventicles, 163. The arbitrary 
administration of Lauderdale, 164..Case of Mitchel,
165. Archbishop Sharp murdered, 209. A parliament held by the duke of York, 250. 
Condemnation of the earl of Argyle,
251. Cruel persecution of the Covenanters, 253. Two women drowned for not 
abjuring the declaration, 254. A declaratioun
f indulgence published by James II., 317. Revolts against 

Page 533 
INDEX. 533 James, on the coming over with the prince of Orange, 348. The 
convention summoned by the prince makes a
tender of the crown to him and his princess; 355. Scriptures, a translation of, 
made by Tindal, the reformer, iii. 205. See
Bible. Scutage, an explanation of that term, and on what occasions levied by the 
Anglo-Norman kings, i. 461. None levied
by Edward I., ii. 140. Sea fights. See under the names of the respective 
commanders. Secretaries of state, a list of those
during the reign of James I., iv. 495. During that of Charles I., v. 384. 
Sedgemoor, battle of, between the duke of
Monmouth and the earl of Feversham, vi. 295. Sedley, Mrs., her influence over 
James II., vi. 288. Segrave, John de,
appointed guardian of Scotland by Edward I., ii. 129. Is defeated by the Scots, 
130. Self-denying ordinance passed by the
long parliament, v. 287. Seneffe, battle of, between the prince of Orange and 
the prince of Cond6, vi. 131. Severus,
Emperor, completes Adrian's rampart, i. 8. This rampart erected of stone, 10. 
Seymour, Lady Jane, maid of honor to
Queen Anne Boleyn, attracts the notice of Henry VIII., iii. 224. Is married to 
the king the next day after Anne Boleyn's
execution, 229. Is brought to bed of a son, (after wards Edward VI.,) and dies, 
239. --, Sir Edward, brother to Queen
Jane, made earl of Hertford, iii. 240. Commands the forces of Henry VIII. in an 
invasion of Scotland, and burns Edinburgh,
292. Is sent with forces over to Calais, 298. Is appointed one of the regency 
during the minority of Edward VI., 320. Is
chosen protector by the regency, 321. Is created duke of Somerset, 322. See 
Somerset. -, Lord, second son of the
protector Somerset, commands a squadron stationed at Dunkirk, to prevent the 
duke of Parma from joining the Spanish
armada, iv. 256. -, Sir Francis, his speech at the opening of the third 
parliament of Charles I., v. 33. - f, Sir Thomas, is
nominated one of the council to the regency, during the minority of Edward VI., 
iii. 320. Is created Lord Seymour, and high
admiral, 322. His character, 345. Marries the queen dowager, 345.'Cabals against 
his brother, the protector, during his
absence in Scotland, 345. Forms a party in parliament against the protector, 
346. Is intimidated, and desires a reconciliation
with his brother, 346. Addresses the lady Elizabeth after the queen dowager's 
death, 346. Is committed to the Tower, 348.
Is examined by the council, 348. Is attainted by parliament, 349. Is executed, 
349. Sforza, Francis, obtains the investiture of
Milan, iii. 1'%0. See Milan. Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper, earl of,'his 
hint' f shutting up the exchequer carried to the
king by Sir Thomas Clifford, vi. 95. Is made chancellor, 96. His speech to 
parliament on the Dutch war, 114. Issues writs
for supplying vacant seats in parliament, 115. Deserts the court, and joins the 
country party, 117. Is dismissed from being
chancellor, 122. Is sent to the Towver for disputing the legality of the 
parliament after a twelvemonth's prorogation, 144.
Flatters the duke of Monmouth with hopes of the succession, 196. Is made 
president of the council, 201. Is removed by the
king, 217. Presents the duke of York, as a Popish recusant, to the grand jury of 
Middlesex, 220. Is accused of treason, but
acquitted, 248. Instigates the duke of Monmouth's con spiracy, 261 Retires to 
Holland, and dies, 262. His character, 262.
Shakspeare, scarcely any mention of civil liberty to be found in his his torical 
plays, iv. 358, n. A character'of his dramatic
writings, 523. Corn pared with Jonson, 623. 45* 

Page 534 
534 INDEX. Sharp, a Scots Presbyterian commissioner, abandons their cause, and 
is made archbishop of St. Andrews, vi.
14. His cruelty towards the Covenanters, 71. Is shot at by Mitchel, 165. Is 
murdered; 209.,Dr., is suspended by the court
of high commission, in the reign of James II., for preaching against Popery, vi. 
315. Shaw, Dr., procured by the duke of
Gloucester to declare his brothet Edward illegitimate, in a sermon at St. 
Paul's, ii. 492. Ill success of this scheme, 493.
Sheep, the number of, restricted by statute, iii. 317. Sir Thomas More's censure 
of the excessive breeding of, 3-55.
Sherfield, -recorder of Salisbury, is prosecuted in the star chamber for 
breaking a painted church window, v. 70. Sheriffs,
the primitive nature of their office, ii. 99. Ship money, first levied in 
England, i. 110. Imposed on occasion of the Spanish
invasion, iv. 351. First levied by Charles I., v. 21. Is extended over the whole 
kingdom, 79. Trial of John Hambden, for
refusing to pay it, 88. The sheriffs voted delinquents for assessing it, by the 
commons, 133. Is declared illegal, 139.
Shipping, state of, in the reign of Edward III., ii. 274. Cause of its decay at 
that time, 274. See Navy. Shirley, Dr., and Fag,
a member of the house of commons, great-disputes between the two houses, 
occasioned by, vi. 135. Shore, Jane, accused
by the duke of Gloucester in council, ii. 490. Remarks on the accounts given of 
her, 526. Her history, 491. Shrewsbury,
battle of, between Henry IV. and young Piercy, ii. 333. countess of, her 
scandalous reports of Queen Elizabeth, com
municated to Elizabeth by Mary, queen of Scots, iv. 538. t —he cae, earl of, is 
added to the privy council for the
consideration of the case of Mary, queen of Scots, iv. 110. Mary committed to 
his cuistody at Tutbury, 112. She is
removed from his care on account of his indulgence to her, 198. Is appointed to 
attend on her execution, 238. ~- ), earl of,
renounces the Catholic religion, and joins the prince of Orange, vi. 336. 
Sicily, transactions of Richard I. of England, and
Philip of France, during their wintering there, on their way to the crusade, i. 
371. The pope's contests with the emperor
Frederic, concerning, ii. 23. Is offered by the pope to Richard, earl of 
Cornwall, who refuses it, 23. Is accepted by Henry
III., for his second son, Bdmond, 23. The heavy deb.t incurred by Henry in 
asserting this grant, 23. A crusade published
against, by the pope, 24. Sidney, Algernon, secretly negotiates with France, and 
receives bribes and presents from that
court, vi. 157, is. Enters into the duke of Monmouth's conspiracy, 263. Review 
of his life and character, 271. Is tried, 271.
His defence, 271. Is executed, 272. -, Sir Henry, lord deputy of Ireland, 
reduces Shan O'Neale, iv. 304. His vigilant
administration, 305. -, Sir Philip, writes to Queen Elizabeth to dissuade her 
from marrying the duke of Anjou, iv. 188. Is
made governor of Flushing, 210. His death and character, 212. Sigebert, king of 
East Anglia, restores Christianity in his
kingdom, and said to found the university of Cambridge; i. 36. - -, king of 
Wessex, deposed for his bad administration, i.
43. His base ingratitude to his protector, 43. Revenged upon him, 43. Sigefert, 
a Northumbrian pirate, routed by Alfred, i.
69. Silver. See Money. Simier is sent over by the duke of Anjou, to prosecute 
his suit with Queen Elizabeth, iv. 184. His art
in rendering his conversation agreeable to her, 184. Discovers Leicester's 
marriage to the queen, 184. Is taken under-the
queen's immediate protection, on Leicester's attempting his life, 18. 

Page 535 
INDEX. 535 Rimnel, Lambert, a baker's son, becomes the instrument of Simon, the 
priest, to disturb the government of
Henry VII., iii. 14. Opens his pretensions in Ireland, as earl of- Warwick, 
which revolts under him, 15. Crowned at Dublin
as Edward VI., 15. Receives forces from the duchess of Burgundy, 17. Invades 
England, 17. Defeated at the battle of
Stoke, 18. Becomes scullion to the king, and is promoted to be his falconer, 18. 
Simon, Richard, a priest, concerts the
pretensions of Lambert Simnel against Henry VII., iii. 13. Carries his pupil to 
Ireland, which revolts, 15. Why only confined,
on Simnel's overthrow, 18. Sinclair, Oliver, favorite of James V., appointed- to 
the command of the Scots army, iii. 280. Is
defeated by the English at Solway, 281. Sindercome is condemned for attempting 
the life of Oliver Cromwell, v. 483.
Poisons himself, 483. Sithric, a Danish nobleman, appointed king of 
Northumberland by Athelstan, i. 80. Fate of his sons,
80. Siward, duke of Northumberland, his history, i. 130. Sixr articles, law of. 
See Articles. Skinnier applies to the house of
lords for redress against the East India Company, and is taken into custody by 
the commons, vi. 78. Slaves, or villains, how
considered among the Anglo-Saxons, i. 163. Two kinds of, 163. Smalcalde, a 
league of the Protestant princes of Germany
formed there, iii. 181. Money remitted to the league by Henry VIII., 213. Smyrna 
fleet, Dutch, attacked by Sir Robert
Holmes, vi. 97. Society, civil, more probity to be found in, than among rude and 
barbarous nations, i. 171. Sodalitium, or
Saxon bond of compact, described, i. 159. Soldiers, common, their pay in the 
time of Edward III., ii. 275, n. WVhence
their chief emoluments arose, 275. Solebay, battle of, between the English and 
French fleets, and De Ruyter, the Dutch
admiral, vi. 102. Solway, battle of, between the English and Scots, iii. 281. 
Solyman, Sultan, conquers Hungary and
besieges Vienna, iii. 181. Somerset, duke of, governor of Normandy, obliged to 
surrender Rouen, and the rest 6f the
province, to Charles VII., ii. 415. Succeeds the duke of Suffolk in his 
influence with Henry VI. and his queen, 423. Sent to
the Tower, 432. Killed at the first battle of St. Albans, 433. --- -, the earl 
of Hertford, protector during the minority of
Edward VI., created duke of, iii. 322. Procures his authority to be confirmed by 
patent, 324. Favors the establishment of
the reformation, 325. Appoints a visitation of dioceses, 327. Makes preparation 
for the war with Scotland, 334. Publishes a
manifesto, 334. Advances towards Edinburgh, 335. Defeats the Scots at the battle 
of Pinkey, 337. Leaves Warwick to treat
for an accommodation, and returns to England, 338. Calls a parliament, 339. 
Passes laws favorable, to the reformation,
339. Suppresses some Popish ceremonies, 340. Orders Haddington to be fortified 
and garrisoned, 342. Is informed of his
brother's cabals against him, 346. Commits him to the Tower, and orders a 
prosecution of him, 348. Signs the warrant for
his execution, 349. Appoints a commission to inquire concerning enclosures, 356. 
Insurrections of the people, 356.
Endeavors at an alliance with the emperor, but is disappointed, 359. Is opposed 
in his intention to conclude a peace with
France and Scotland, 360. His haughty exertion of his authority excites cabals 
against him, 360. Becomes obnoxious for
courting popular favor, 361. Demol. ishes churches to build a palace with the 
materials, 361. A conspiracy formed against
him at Ely House, 362. Removes the king to Windsor, and prepares for his 
defence, 362. Is deserted by all but Paget and
Vranmer, and despairs, 362. Is sent to the Tower, 363. Confesses on 1is knees, 
before the council, the charges laid against
him; is deprived 

Page 536 
636 IxNDEX. of his offices, and fined, 364. Is readmitted to the council, 364. 
Mar ries his daughter to the lord Dudley, son
to Warwick, 364. The schemes of Northumberland to ruin him, 373. Is arrested, 
together with his duchess and friends, 373.
The charges against him, 373. Is tried, 373. Executed, 374. His character, and 
reflections on his fate, 375. Somerset, Carre,
Viscount Rochester, created earl of, iv. 431. Is instigated by his lady to 
procure Sir Thomas Overbury to be poisoned, 431.
Is stung with remorse, and declines in the king's favor, 435. Is convicted 
of'Overbury's death, 436. Is pardoned, and dies in
obscurity, 437. Southampton, WVriothesely, Chancellor, and one of the regency, 
during the minority of Edward VI.,
created earl of, iii. 322. Puts the great seal in commission, 323. Is deprived 
of the chancellorship, and removed'from the
council, 323. Cabals with Warwick against the protector at Ely House, 362. 
Retires from the council, and dies of vexation,
364. - -- -, earl of, attends the earl of Essex to Ireland, who maker him 
general of horse, iv. 310. Is displaced by the
queen's orders, 310. Enters into Essex's conspiracy at Drury House, 323. Is 
tried with Essex, and' condemned, 326. Is
spared, but detained in prison, 330. Spain, state of, at the time of Henry VII. 
of England, iii. 21. See Ferdinand of Arragon.
Leagues with the Italian states against France,-47. Obtains possession of the 
kingdom of Naples, 83. Death of Ferdinand,
and accession of his grandson Charles, 115. See Charles V. The kingdom of, 
resigned by the emperor Charles V. to his son
Philip, 430. See Philip II. Charles retires to the monastery of St. Just, in 
Estremadura,.430.. Victory of St. Quintin, 437.
Peace of Cateau Cambresis, iv. 12 Philip vows to spend his life in the 
extirpation of heresy, 49. His cruel persecution of
heretics, 50.: Its flourishing state and power at this time, 208. The Invincible 
Armada- fitted out for the conquest of England,
254. This fleet destroyed, 263. Cadiz taken and plundered by the English,291. 
The harbor of Cerimbra attacked, and a rich
carrack taken there, 339.'Peace concluded with England, 398. Acknowledges the 
independency of the United Provinces,
and concludes a truce with them for twelve years, 411.. Arrival of Prince 
Charles there, to prosecute his marriage with the
infanta, 478. The match broke off by'Buckingham, 481. Acknowledges the 
republican government of England, v. 458.
English ambassador murdered there by banished royalists, 458. Revolt of 
Portugal, and other ill successes, 458. Declares ar
against England, on the seizure of Jamaica, 462. The galleons taken and 
destroyed at Cadiz, 463. A fleet burnt in Santa
Cruz harbor, 463. War with France, vi. 61. Its situation at the time of the 
congress of Nimeguen, and motives of hastening
the treaty there, 141. The treaty of Nimeguen Concluded, 158. Declares war 
against France, 278. Spalatro, archbishop
of,.comes to England, turns Protestant, escapes to Italy, and dies in 
confinement, iv. 527. Speaker of the house of
commons, first appointment of, ii. 280. tSpenser, his character as a poet, iv. 
376. See Despenser. Sprague, Admiral, Sir
Edward, perishes in the engagement with the Dutch at the mouth of the Texel, vi. 
120. Spurs, battle of, between the troops
of Henry VIII. and the duke of Longueville, iii. 98. St. Albans, the' monastery 
of, by whom endowed, i. 38. Observations on
the petition of the borough of, to parliament, in the reign of Edward II., ii. 
519. Battle of, between Henry VI. and Richard,
duke of York, 433. Between Queen Margaret and the earl of Warwick, 440.'t. 
Andreos, Wishart, the reformer, burnt there
by Cardinal Beaton, iiii. 332. The cardinal assassinated there, 332. Curious 
resolution of a scholastic debate there by the
sub-prior's servant,'463. Walter Mill'buint there, iv. 18. A meeting of bishops 
and clergy summoned there by uin James,:
448 

Page 537 
INDEX. 537 Bt. Andrews, prior of, attends the queen regent of Scotland, in -her 
en. deavor to suppress the riots of the
reformers, iv. 21. Joins the association termed the Congregation of the Lord, 
23. See Murray, Lord James. St. Aubin, battle
of, between the duke of Brittany and the French, iii. 27. St. Bartholomew, 
massacre of the Hugonots at Paris, on the eve of
that day, iv. 157. St. Denis, battle of, between the constable Montmorency and 
the prince of Conde, iv. 143. Battle of,
between the prince of Orange and Mareschal Luxembourg, vi. 159. St. Disier, 
taken by the emperor Charles V., iii. 294. St.
Edmondsbury, a confederacy of the barons formed there, by Cardinal Langton, to 
assert their privileges against the
oppressions of lKing John, i. 425. St. Giles, tutelar saint of Edinburgh, riot 
of Protestants there on the festival of, iv. 18. St.
John, his ineffectual negotiations with the states-general of the United 
Provinces, v. 426. Excites a quarrel between the
commonwealth and the states, 427. of Jerusalem, the knights of, refuse to 
surrender their revenues to Henry VIII., iii. 262.
The order dissolved by parliament, 262. St. Omeers, the prince of Orange 
defeated there by Mareschal Luxembourg, vi.
144. St. Quintin, battle of, between the constable Montmorency and the Spanish 
army under Philibert, duke of Savoy, iii.
437. Stafford, Loid Viscount, is tried for the Popish plot, vi. 229. Is 
condemned, 231.. Executed, 232. Standard, battle of,
i. 276. Stanley, Lord, suspected by Richard III. of favoring the earl of 
Richnond, ii. 5(Y5. His son retained by Richard as
the pledge of his fidelity, 505. His ambiguous conduct previous to the battle of 
Bosworth, 505. Declares for Richmond soon
after the commencement of the action, 506. Created earl of Derby, iii. 7. - -, 
William, governor of Deventer, betrays the
place, and deserts with his whole garrison to the Spaniards, iv. 251. —, Sir 
William, presents the earl of Richmond with
Richard III.'s crown, found in Bosworth field, iii. 1. Detected by Sir Robert 
Clifford in abetting Perkin Warbec, 43. Tried
and executed, 43. Stannary courts, suppressed by the long parliament, v. 171. 
Star chamber, the jurisdiction of, how
founded, and when established, iii. 69. The nature of that jurisdiction 
explained, iv. 345. Its anti quity, 498. Its authority not
limited by any precise law or statute, 498 Oppressive sentences of this court, 
v. 74, 77, 80, 88. Its proceedings condemned
by the commons, 134. Its sentence on Prynne and others reversed, and 
satisfaction ordered, 137. Is abolished by
parliament, 170. Stayner, Captain, takes and destroys the Spanish galleons at 
Cadiz, v. 463. Stephen, king of England, his
pretensions to the crown, how founded, i. 271. Assumes the crown, 272. Grants a 
charter to his subjects, 273. His title
ratified by the pope, 273. His subjects swear a conditional allegiance to him, 
275. Summoned before a synod by his brother
Henry, bishop of Winchester, 277. Taken prisoner by the empress Matilda's party, 
279. Exchanged for Earl Robert,
Matilda's brother, 282. Disgusts his nobles by demanding their castles, 283. His 
party laid under the papal interdiction, but
relieved by his submissions, 283. The arch bishop of Canterbury refuses to 
anoint his son Eustace, 284. Enters into a
compromise with Henry, son of the empress Matilda, 284. Dies, 285. His 
character, 285. Stigarid, archbishop of
Canterbury, proclaims Edgar, and encourages the English to resist the Normans, 
i. 179. Not permitted to officiate at the
coronation of King William, 181. Attends him to Normaady, 184. His character, 
196. Degraded and imprisoneda 198. 

Page 538 
638 INDEX. Stil-yard, merchants of, when established into a company, iii. 371. 
Tue privileges of, annulled by the council of
Edward VI., 371. Stirling, a confederacy of malecontent Scots nobles formed 
there, against Queen Mary, iv. 69. The rebels
forced to retire into England, 70. Stoke, battle of, between -Henry VII. and the 
earl of Lincoln, Lambert Sinnel's general, iii.
18. Stowe, his acknowledgment of the advance of trade during the peaceable' 
reign of James I., iv. 572. Stowel, an
abhorrer, resists the order of the house of commons for his commitment, vi. 222. 
Strafford, Wentworth, earl of, his
preferment, and the motive of it, v. 65. His character, 66. Is called from 
Ireland, and sent lieutenant-general against the
Scots, 122. Obtains the chief command by the illness of Northumberland, 123. 
Advises the king to continue the war, 123.
Gains an advantage over the Scots, 124. The army discontented, 124. His general 
unpopularity at the meeting of the long
parliament, 128. Is promised protection by the king, 130. Is impeached by the 
house of commons, 130. Is taken into
custody, 131. A commission appointed for trying him, 152. Is accused by the 
Irish parliament, 153. Examination of his case
and conduct, 154. His defence, 156. Notes of his speech in council produced 
against him by Vane and Pym, 160. His
defence against this paper, 161. Is attainted by the commons, 162. The populace 
excited against him, 162. Writes to the
king to give him up, 165. His attainder passed, 166. Is executed, 167. His 
character, 168. Stratford, archbishop of
Canterbury, is employed by Edward III. in'collecting the new levies, ii. 207. 
Enters into a combination against the king on his
return from Flanders, 208. His letter to the king, 208. Comes to parliament 
unsummoned, in his pontifical robes,
and.demands admittance, 209. Is at length reconciled to the king, 209. Stratton, 
battle of, between the earl of, Stamford and
the royalists, v. 244, Straw, Jack, one of the heads of Tyler's insurrection. 
See Tyler. Stricland, a member of the house of
commons, introduces a bill for the amendment of the liturgy, iv. 133. Is 
summoned before the council, and prohibited
appearing in the house, 135. Is restored to his seat, 136. Strigul, earl of. See 
Strongbow. Strode, his cruel treatment in
Cornwall for bringing a bill into parliament relating to tin, iii. 312. -., a 
member of the house of commons, impeached by
Charles I., v. 206. Strongbow, Richard, earl of Strigul, engages to assist 
Dermot, king of Leinster, i. 331. Applies to Henry
II. for permission, 332. Marries the daughter of Dermot, and succeeds to his 
kingdom, 332. The Irish not able to withstand
him, 332. Receives from Henry the commission of seneschal of Ireland, 332. 
Strozzi, the French admiral, makes an attempt
on Jersey, but is engaged by an English fleet, iii. 359. Stuart, the causes of 
the unhappiness of the princes of that house in the
government of England pointed out, v. 540. Reflections on the administration of 
that family, while on the throne of England,
vi. 363. J, ames, of Ochiltree, joins in the designs of the count d'Aubigney, in 
detaching James VI. of Scotland from the
interest of England, iv. 178. Is made earl of Arran, 190. See Arran. Subsidies 
and Fifteenths, the nature, amount, and
method of levying these taxes, iv. 509. Are altered into a land tax, 510. The 
last grant of subsidies, vi. 32. Suetonius,
Paulinus, sent by Nero to Britain, i. 6. Subdues Anglesey, the chief seat of the 
Druids, 6. Defeats Boadicea, 7. Recalled, 7.
Suffolk, earl of, succeeds, at the death of the earl of Salisbury, to the 
command of the siege of Orleans, ii. 386.
Disconcerted by Joan d'Arc, 391. Raises the siege, 394, Besieged himself at 
Jergeauj 394. Taken 

Page 539 
INDEX. 539 prisoner by one Renaud, whom he knighted, 394. Negotiates a truce 
iith Charles VII. of France, 409.
Concludes a treaty of marriage between Henry VI. and Margaret of Anjou, 410. 
Created a duke, 410. Defends his conduct
in the house of lords, 421. Impeached by the commons, 421. His justification of 
himself, 422. Banished by the king, 423.
Murdered, 423. Zuffolk, Edmond de la Pole, earl of, flies to Flanders, and why, 
iii. 65. Is pardoned, but elopes again, 65.
Political improvement of this incident by Henry VII., 65. His secrets betrayed, 
by the treachery of Sir Robert Curson, 65.
Protected by Philip, archduke of Austria, 66. Deluded over to England by Philip, 
and committed to the Tower, 66.
Beheaded by Henry VIII., 96. Motives to this action, 96. —, Charles Brandon, 
duke of _.arries Mary, queen dowager of
France, sister to Henry VIII., privately, iii. 105. Henry reconciled to him, 
106. Retires disgusted, 109. Is sent by Henry to
invade Picardy, 144. Penetrates almost to Paris, 145. Is sent by Henry to 
suppress Dr. Mackrel's insurrection, 236. Dies,
299. The king's character of him, 300.. —-, the marquis of Dorset created duke 
of, iii. 381. For his daughters, Jane and
Catharine, see Gray. Is appointed to command the army, to defend his daughter 
Jane's pretensions, 388. The command
taken by Northumberland, 388. Declares for Queen Mary, 389. Is apprehended, but 
released, 390. Engages in a
conspiracy against Mary, 402. Is taken prisoner, 40.2. Is tried and executed, 
406. -—, Lord, and Lord Chamberlain, is
ordered to search the vaults under the parliament house, and discovers the 
powder intended to blow up king and parliament,
iv. 404. —, earl of, his daughter married to the earl of Essex, iv. 428. See 
Carre, and Essex. Succeeds Salisbury as
treasurer, 432. Suits in fDrma pauperis, first given to the poor, iii. 70. 
Sunday, sports and exercises allowed on, by
proclamation of James I., iv. 447. The Puritans distinguish themselves by 
terming it the Sabbath, v. 10. An edict for sports
on, renewed by Charles I., 77. Sunderland, earl of, is made secretary of state, 
vi. 200. Remarks on his conduct, 255. Is
supposed to have entered into a correspondence with the prince of Orange, 336. 
Supplies, extraordinary, the amount of
those granted to James I. by parliament, iv. 507. See Revenue. Surienne, Sir 
Francis, refuses obedience to Henry VI.'s
order to surrender Maine to the duke of Anjou, ii. 413. Reduced to capitulate by 
Dunois, 413. Retires into Normandy, 413.
Surnames, when introduced into England, i. 472. Surrey, earl of, encourages 
Henry VIII. in his pleasures, iii. 79. Collects an
army, and marches to oppose James JIV. of Scotland, 100. Defeats James at the 
battle of Flouden, 101. Created duke of
Norfolk, 102. See Norfolk., Lord Howard, son to the duke of Norfolk, made earl 
of, iii. 102. Is made admiral of England,
and, by the emperor Charles V., admiral of the imperial dominions, 136. Commands 
the English incursions into France, 137.
Commands in the invasion of Scotland, 138. His character, 305. Is made governor 
of Boulogne, but after displaced, 305.
The motives of Henry's aversion to him, 306. His accusation and executi6n, 306. 
Sussex, history of the Saxon kingdom of, i.
40. -, earl of, is appointed one of the commissioners to hear the cause between 
Mary, queen of Scots, and Murray, the
regent, iv. 103. Marches against the northern insurgents, 126. Is sent with 
forces to Scotland, to check the progress of
Mary's party, 129. Writes to Scotland, in order to frustrate the treaty entered 
into by Mary with Elizabeth, 131. 

Page 540 
540 INDEX. Swart, Martin, sent with forces, by the duchess of Burgundy, to the 
assistance of Lambert Simnel, iii. 17.
Defeated and killed at the battle of Stoke, 18. Sweating sickness, first 
appearance of, iii. 6. Sweden, accession of Charles
X., by the resignation of Queen Christina, and his successes in the north, v. 
455. Peace concluded with Denmark, by the
mediation of the English and Dutch,. 499. Joins in the triple league, vi. 65. Is 
detached from it by France, 98. Sweyn, king of
Denmark, his invasion of England, in conjunction with Olave, king of Norway, i. 
103. Exacts tribute of Ethelred, and
departs, 103, 104. Subsequent invasions by him, 104, 101. Dies at Gainsborough, 
112. Swiss league with Pope Julius II.
against the French, iii. 84. Drive the French out of Milan, and reinstate 
Maximilian Sforza in that duchy, 90. Excel other
nations in their infantry, 96. Invade Burgundy, 98. Deceived, in a treaty, by 
Tremouille, the governor, 99. Are /defeated by
Francis I. of France, at Marignan, 113. A body of, in the service of Francis, 
desert in disgust, 146. Synods held in England,
i. 50, 98, 206, 209, 233, 234, 246, 258, 265, 277, 280, 302, 307, 377, 407. ii. 
39, 111. Talliages levied by the
Anglo-Norman kings, i. 461. Tancred, natural brother to Constantia, queen of 
Naples and Sicily, dispossesses her of her
dominions, i. 371.- His apprehensions on the arrival of the crusaders Richard- 
I. of England and Philip of France, who are
obliged to winter at Messina, 371. His insidious behavior toward his guests, 
372. Tangier, the fortress of, yielded to Charles
II., as part of the dowry with the princess Catharine of Portugal, vi. 23. Is 
demolished and abandoned, 241. Tanistry, in the
Irish customs, explained, iv. 422. Is abolished, 423. Taxes, how imposed in the 
reign of Edward I., ii. 140. Are arbitrarily
increased by Edward III., 270. Never imposed without consent of parliament, by 
the house of Lancaster, 373. Oppressively
raised by Henry VIII., under the name of loans, iii. 140. Exorbitant levies of, 
in the reign of Edward VI., 463. A review of
those imposed during the time of the commonwealth, v. 524. Taylor, parson of 
Hadley, burnt for heresy, iii. 420.,bishop of
Lincoln, violently thrust out of the parliament house for refusing to kneel at 
the celebration of mass, iii. 395. Templars,
knights, character of that order, ii. 170. Their cruel treatment by Philip the 
Fair of France, 170, 171. The order abolished by
Pope Clement V.,. 172. n'eraple, Sir William, resident at Brussels, is sent to 
the Hague, to concert.an opposition to the
French coniquests in the Netherlands, vi. 63. His negotiations with De Wit, 63. 
Concludes the triple alliance with the States
and Sweden, 65. Is sent plenipotentiary to the treaty at Aix-laChapelle, 66, Is 
visited by De Wit, and the information he
brings to him, 85. Is recalled from the Hague, 88. His remonstrance to the king, 
on being appointed ambassador to the
States, 129. Is sent to the congress at Nimeguen, 140. His remonstrance to the 
king respecting an alliance against France,
152. Concludes an alliance with the States, to -oblige Louis to comply w.ith the 
treaty of Nimeguen, 156. Advises the king
to form a new council, 200. His character as a writer, 376. His death, 376. 
Tenchebray,.boattle of, between Wing Henry I.
and Duke ilobert, i. 260. Tenures, feudal, the nature and principles of, 
explained, i. 442. Terouane, besieged by Henry VIII.,
iii. 97. Extraordinary relief brought them, 97. CQpituiates, 98. Test act 
passed, vi, 117. A new one passed, with,a exception
in the duke of York's favorb 187. Is dispensed with by James II., 02. His 

Page 541 
INDEX. 541 privilege of dispensing with it, confirmed in the case of Sir Edward 
Hales, 306. fewkesbury, battle of, between
Edward IV. and Queen Margaret's army, ii. 471. rexel, engagement between Prince 
Rupert and De Ruyter, at the mouth of,
vi. 120. Thanes, among the Saxons, import of that distinction, i. 160. Theatres, 
cause of the licentiousness of, after the
restoration, vi. 374. How corrected, 375. Theft, when first made capital in 
England, i. 268. Theobald, archbishop of
Canterbury, made legate in England, i. 283. Refuses to anoint Eustace as King 
Stephen's heir, 284. Favored by Henry II. on
this account, 296. Theodore, archbishop of Canterbury, calls a synod at 
Hatfield, against the heresy of the Monothelites, i.
50. Thomas ( Becket, his history previous to his preferment, i. 296. Appointed 
chancellor, 296. His magnificent way of life,
297. Goes ambassador to France, 297. Instance of the king's familiarity with 
him, 298. Promoted to Canterbury, 298. His
assumed sanctity on this occasion, 298. His attacks on the earl of Clare, and 
William of Eynsford, 299, 300. Opposes the
king in a national synod, 302. Is prevailed on to subscribe the constitutions of 
Clarendon, 305. His sorrow for his
compliance, 306. Sued for some lands, and his behavior thereupon, 306. Condemned 
for contempt at the council of
Northampton, 307. Consults with his suffra. gans about a subsequent demand of 
money made on him by the king, 309. His
extraordinary visit to the king, 310. Appeals to the pope, and leaves the 
kingdom, 311. His reception in France, 312. His
representations abroad, 313. Excommunicates Henry's ministers, 314. Ob tains a 
legatine commission, 315. Ineffectual
treaties of pacification between him and the king, 317. Is reconciled to him, 
317. Opposes the coronation of Prince Henry,
when associated with his father, 319. Suspends the archbishop of York, and 
excommunicates other bishops who assist at
the coronation, 319. Murdered at the altar, 322. His character, and that of the 
age he lived in, 322. Canonized by Pope
Alexander, 325. Pilgiimages to his shrine, 326. King Henry does penance at it, 
343. His murderers, how punished, 349. The
extraordinary devotion paid to his shrine, iii. 243. The shrine pillaged, and 
Beclet's bones burnt by Henry VIII., 244.
Thomond, earl of, attempts a rebellion in Connaught, iv. 305. Throgmorton, Sir 
Nicholas, is tried at Guildhall, on account of
Suffolk's conspiracy, but acquitted, iii. 406. His jury cruelly treated, 406. 
His brother, Sir John, convicted, 406. Is released
from confinement by Philip, 412. Is made ambassador to Paris, and sends over 
intelligence of the hostile measures of
the.French court, iv. 26. Renews his application to Mary, queen of Scots, to 
ratify the treaty of Edinburgh, 32. Mary's
spirited declaration to him on being denied a passage through England to 
Scotland, 33. Is employed by Elizabeth to
encourage an insurrection in Scotland against Mary, 69. His prudent management 
in this affair for his own security, 70. Is
sent ambassador to Scotland, on the captivity of Mary, 92. The tenor of his 
commission, 92. Is ordered not to assist at the
coronation of the young King James VI., 95. fibetot, John, earl of Worcester. 
See Worcester. fillage. See Agriculture. rime,
how measured by King Alfred, i. 75. Tindal, flies to Antwerp, from the power of 
Henry VIII., iii. 205. Makes a translation
of the Scriptures, 205. Is artfully supplied with money to perfect it, by 
Tonstal, bishop of London, 205. rithes, the large
pretensions the Saxon clergy formed under that name, i. 56. VL. VI. 46 H 

Page 542 
542 INDEX. Tithings, the subdivision of counties into, by Alfred, for the 
regult, ad. ministration of justice, i. 71. Tobacco,
when first introduced into England, iv. 211. Toleration, not a priestly virtue, 
ii. 371. The popular arguments foi and against,
occasioned by the debates between Cardinal Pole and B -hop Gardiner on that 
subject, iii. 416. The chief cause and origin
of it, iv 601. Tomlinson, Colonel, the speech of Charles I. to, at his 
execution, v. 4.17. Tongue, Dr., his character, and his
intelligence.concerning the P pish plot, vi. 171. Is recommended, by the house 
of commons, for church preferment, 223. -
Tonnage and poundage, granted by parliament to Henry V. for life, ii. 359. 
Granted, in like manner, to Richard III., 502. To
Henry VII., iii. 10. The duties of, arbitrarily levied by Henry VIII., 313. 
Remarks on the statute granting these duties to him,
313. The long possession of the duties occasion them to be considered by the 
princes as their proper right and inheritance,
iv. 415. A short history of these grants, v. 53. Are levied by Charles I., after 
the expiration of the grant of them, 54. The
speaker of the commons forcibly detained until the passing a remonstrance 
against them, 59. A limited grant of, made by the
commons, 148. Are-granted to Charles II. for life, vi. 5. Tonstal, bishop of 
London, is sent byHenry VIII. to Madrid,
ambassador to the emperor Charles V., iii. 151. Buys up all Tindal's first 
incorrect translation of the Scriptures, and burns
them, 205. His scheme, in so doing, 205. Is -appointed one of the regency during 
the minority- of Edivard VI., 320. Is
dismissed the council, for opposing the reformation, 329. His character, 377. A 
bill of attainder passed again-st him by the
peers, but rejected by the commons, 378. Is restored to his see of Durham by 
Queen Mary, 392. Torture, arbitrarily
inflicted by the officers of state during the reign of Queen Elizabeth, iv. 348. 
Tory, the origin of that name, as a party
distinction, vi. 219. The views of that party in opposing James II., and their 
plan for settling the government on his
abdication, 356. Tosti,- brother to Harold, duke of Nosthumberland, his subjects 
rebel against him, i. 136. They justify
themselves to Harold, who went to suppress them, 136. Superseded by Morcar, 136. 
Retires to Flanders, 137. Prepares to
disturb Harold's government, 139. His depredcations on the English coasts, 145. 
Defeated and killed by Harold, 145.
Toulouse, count de, despoiled of his dominions, for protecting the Albigenses, 
i. 415. Tournay, in Flanders, is besieged by
Edward III., ii. 204. Taken by Henry VIII., iii. 99. Wolsey put in possession of 
the bishopric, 99. Is delivered up to France,
116. Tournholt, battle of, between Prince Maurice and the Spaniards, iv. 287. 
Tours, truce concluded there
betweenEngland and Charles VII. of France. ii. 409. Touton, battle of, bet'ween 
Edward IV. and the Lancastrians, ii. 446.
Trade, a board of, when erected, vi. 370. See Commerce. Transtamare, Henry, 
count de, engages Charles, king of France,
to invade his brother Peter, king of Castile, ii. 257. Becomes possessed of 
Castile by the flight of his brother, 258. His
soldiers: desert to Prince Edward, 259. Is defeated by Edward, and Peter 
restored, 259. Murders Peter, and regains the
kingdom, 260. See Castile. Transubstantiation, the point of, debated in 
convocation, iii. 399. The debate renewed at
Oxford, 400. Traquaire, earl of, goes to London to inform Charles of the tumults 
in Scotland, in opposition to the canons
and liturgy, v. 100. Intercepts a letter from the malecontents to the king of 
France, 113. Treason, high, the cases of, limited
by law, in the reign of Edward III., ii. 267. The rigorous and contrary statutes 
against, enacted by Henry 

Page 543 
INDEX. 543 VIII. and his parliaments, iii. 310. A severe law against, passed by 
the lords, but altered by the- commons,
376. The species of, restricted by parliament, 395. Statutes of Elizabeth 
concerning, iv. 141. Treasurers, an account of those
during the reign of James I., iv. 494. During that of Charles I., v. 384. Trent, 
the council of, assembled, iii. 329. Is
transferred to Bologna, 330. Tresilian, Sir Robert, gives his opinion against 
the validity of Richard II.'s commission to
Gloucester's faction, ii. 292. Executed for it, 294. Treves, taken from the 
French by the imperialists, vi. 138. Trials by battle
allowed by Henry II. to be evaded by appeal to a jury, i. 347. Triple alliance, 
formed against Louis XIV., vi. 65. Trinity
College, Cambridge, when and by whom founded, iii. 318. Tromp, the Dutch 
admiral,,quarrels with Blake in Dover Road,
v. 428. Engages Blake, 429. He and De Ruyter defeat Blake, 431. Engages Blake 
for three days, and is worsted, but
secures the merchant ships under his convoy, 431. Engages Blake for two days, 
and is defeated, 466. Is killed in an
engagement with Monk, 466., son of the former, sustains an engagement against 
the duke of York, after the death of
Opdam, vi. 40. He and De Ruyter engage the duke of Albemarle four days, 46. Is 
defeated at the mouth of the Thames, 48.
His commission taken from him, 49. Troye, treaty at, between Henry V. and 
Philip, duke of Burgundy, ii. 364. Articles of,
specified, 364. Reflections on this treaty, 365. Tudor, Sir Owen, marries 
Catharine, widow of Henry V., ii. 370. Taken
prisoner at the battle of Mortimer's Cross, and beheaded, 440. Remarks onothe 
administration of the princes of that house,
iv. 566. Tunis is bombarded by Admiral Blake, and the ships in thfe harbor 
burnt, v. -461. Turenne, Marshal, his successes
in Alsace, vi. 132. Prevents Montecuculi from passing the Rhine, 137. Is killed, 
137. Turkey, commencement of the trade
with, by a company established by Queen Elizabeth, iv. 366. Turnpikes, the first 
law for the erecting of, when passed, vi.
370. Tyler, Wat, and Jack Straw, heads of the insurrection in the reign of 
Richard II., assemble their adherents on
Blackheath, ii. 284. Tyler has a conference with the king in Smithfield, 285. Is 
killed by Walworth, mayor of London, 285.
Tyrconnel, earl of, his character, and violent oppression of the Protestants in 
Ireland, vi. 312. Is made lord lieutenant, 312.
Projects a reversal of the act of settlement, 319. Tyrone, earl of, his 
character, iv. 306. Enters into a correspondence with
Spain, and heads an insurrection of the native Irish against the English, 307. 
Defeats the English under Sir Henry Bagnal,
307. His conference and treaty with the earl of Essex, 312. Breaks the truce on 
the return of Essex to England, 315. Is
driven into the morasses by Lord Mountjoy, 316. Joins the Spaniards, who invade 
Ireland, 334. Is defeated by Mountjoy,
334. Surrenders himself to Mountjoy, 339. Is pardoned, 340. Tyrrel, Sir James, 
murders Edward V. and the duke of York
in the Tower, by orders of Richard III., ii. 494. Proves the murders by order of 
Henry VII., on account of Perkin Warbec's
imposture, iii. 41. Executed for another crime, 66. -, Walter, accidentally 
kills William Rufus with an arrow, i. 237. Joins the
crusade for penance, 237. tdal, a Puritanical clergyman, his cruel persecution 
for writing against Episcopacy, iv. 356. Ulster,
a -company formed in London for planting colonies in, on its falling to the 
crown by attainders, iv. 423. An insurrection of
the Irish, and massacre of the English there, v. 182, 184. See Ireland. 
UIniformity, the act of, -passed, vi. 20. The penalties
of, increased, 35 

Page 544 
544 INDEX. Union of England and Scotland attempted by King James L., iv. 396 
Commissioners appointed to treat of it,
396. iUnited Provinces of the Low Countries, commencement of their associa tion 
against the domination of Spain, iv. 165.
Pacification of Ghent, 168. Conclude a treaty with Queen Elizabeth, 169. Again 
implore the protection of Elizabeth, 206.
Conditions of her league with them, 208. Are reproved by Elizabeth for the 
extraordinary honors bestowed on Leicester,
commander of the English forces, 210. Are displeased with Leicester, 212. And 
jealous of the intentions of Elizabeth, 251.
The earl of Leicester recalled, 252. The government of, conferred on Prince 
Maurice, 252. Conclude a new treaty with
Elizabeth, 287. Another, 300. A treaty between James I. and Henry IV., for the 
support of, 382. Their freedom
acknowledged by Spain, and a truce of twelve years concluded, 411. Banish 
Vorstius, an Arminian, to gratify James, 421.
Obtain of James a resignation of the cautionary towns, 439. Acquire their full 
freedom by this restitution, 440. Renew the
war with Spain, and receive forces from England, 490. Cruelties exercised by the 
Dutch on the English factors at Amboyna,
517. Their herring-busses attacked by the English, and a fine paid for the 
license of fishing, v. 83. Are obliged to remove
Charles II., after the murder of Dorislaus, 399. Decline the proposed coalition 
with the English commonwealth, 426. Their
ships taken by the English, 428. Engagement between Tromp and Blake, 428. Their 
apology rejected by the English
commonwealth, 429. See Tromp, De Ruyter, etc. Make peace with Cromwell, 447. 
Review of their conduct towards the
English, vi. 36. Nova Belgia taken from them,?38. Order De Ruyter to attack the 
English settlements, 38. Their ships seized
by the English, 39. War deolared against them by the English, 40. Treaty of 
Breda, 53. Triple alliance, 65. Charles
determines to quarrel with them, in virtue of his league with France, 93. Their 
Smyrna fleet attacked by the English, 97. War
declared by England, 98. War declared by France, 98. Their defenceless state at 
this time, 99. Sea fight at Solebay, 102.
Rapid progress of Lewis XIV. in their territories, 104. General consternation of 
the states, 105. Send deputies to beg for
peace, 106. The prince of Orange made stadtholder, 109. Sea fight- at Schonvelt, 
118. Another at the msuth of the Texel,
120. Ineffectual congress at Cologne, 121. Peace with England, 123. Their 
motives of hastening the treaty of Nimeguen,
141. Conclude an alliance with Charles to oblige France to peace, 153. Peace of 
Nimeguen, 160. Join with Germany in a
league against Lewis XIV., 332. Concur with the prince of Orange in his 
intention of assisting the English nation against
James II., 337. Universities, their revenues granted to Henry VIII. by 
parliament, but declined by him, iii. 297. Urban
disputes the papacy with Clement, i. 234. HIisakind reception of Archbishop 
Anselm, 234. III. dies of grief at the taking of
Palestine by Saladin, i. 354. - VI., Pope, how elected, ii. 322. Urbanists and 
Clementines, source of those distinctions, ii.
323. Urrey, Colonel, deserts from the parliament army to the king, v. 246. 
Essex's army surprised by his- intelligence, and
Hambden killed, 247. Is defeated by Montrose, near Inverness, 306. Is executed 
in Scotland, 407. Urswic, almoner to
Henry VII., sent by him to mediate between France and Brittany, iii. 26. The 
duke of Brittany's answer to his proposals, 26.
Sent a second time with new proposals, 27. Usury, how looked on at the 
commencement of the reign of Richard I., i. 366.
Is worse practised after the expulsion of the Jews by Edward I. than by them 
before, ii. 74. Ill-judged laws against, by enry
VII., iii. 72. Another statute passed against, 375. The meaning of that word 
limited to the taking exorbitant interest, and.
condemned by law, iv. 369 

Page 545 
INDE,. 545 Utrecht is taken by Lewis XIV., vi. 105. Uxbridge, negotiations 
entered into there for the treaty letween
Charles I and the long parliament, v. 291. Vacarius reads public lectures in 
civil law at Oxford, under the protection of
Theobald, archbishop of Canterbury, ii. 509. Vagrants are punished by Queen 
Elizabeth by martial law, iv. 347. Valence,
bishop of, maternal uncle to Queen Eleanor, made chief minister to Henry III., 
ii. 17. Valentine forcibly detains the speaker
of the house of commons in his chair, until the passing a-remonstrance against 
tonnage and poundage, v. 59. His sentence by
the court of king's bench, 59. Van Ghent, the Dutch admiral, is purposely 
insulted by an English yacht, vi. 93. Is killed by the
earl of Sandwich at the battle of Solebay, 102. Vane, Sir Harry, secretary, his 
imprudent manner of urging the king's
demands in the house of commons, v. 118. Notes of Strafford's speech in council, 
found among his papers by his son, and
made use of to'condemn Strafford, 160. His doubtful depositions concerning this 
paper, 161. —, Sir Henry, the younger,
how he procured the condemnation of the earl of Strafford, v. 160. Is sent by 
the parliament with offers to negotiate a
confederacy with the Scots, 261. His character, 261. Procures the solemn league 
and covenant to be framed, 261.
Becomes a leader of the Independents, 283. His speech in parliament preparatory 
to the self-denying ordinance, 286. Is
sent with other commissioners to the Isle of Wight, to treat with the king, 360. 
His remarks on the king's abilities, 361. Is
named one of the council of state after the king's death, 388, n. Is sent with 
other commissioners to settle the affairs of
Scotland, now reduced by AMonk, 425. Encourages discontents against the 
protector, 452. Is confined by the long
parliament on its restoration, 506. His gesneral conduct and behavior, 506. Is 
excepted from the act of indemnity on the
restoration, vi. 4. Is tried, 25. Is executed, 26. His character, 26. Varenne, 
seneschal of Normandy, sent by Lewis XI. of
France, with some forces, to the assistance of Edward IV. of England, ii. 450. 
Gets possession of Alnwic Castle, in
Northumberland, 450. Vassalage, the origin and nature of, explained, i. 442. 
Their condition.,under their respective lords,
447. Vassals, under feudal tenure, obliged to ransom their superior lord, if in 
captivity, i. 386. The ransom of Richard I. of
England, how levied, 386. ~Vaughan, an outlaw for debt, motives for confirming 
his election to the house of commons, iv.
390. Velvet, the price of, in Queen Elizabeth's reign, iv. 511. Venables, 
commands the forces on board Penn's fleet, sent to
the West Indies, v. 461. Is routed at St. Domingo, 461. Takes Jamaica, and is 
sent to the Tower, 462. Venner, an account
of his insurrection, vi. 11. Vere, Sir Francis, is anade governor of Flushing, 
iv. 287. Commands the English auxiliaries at the
battle of Tournholt, 287. Defends Ostend against the Spaniards, 339, n. —, 
Robert de, earl of Oxford, his ascendency over
Richard II., ii. 288. His preferment and licentious conduct, 288. Defeated by 
the duke of Gloucester, 293. Verneuil, battle
of, between the duke of Bedford' and the earl of Buchan, ii. 380. Vervins, 
peace'of, between Henry IV. of France, and
Philip II. of Spain, iv. 297. Vezelay, the armies of Richard I, of England, and 
Philip of France, intended for the crusade,
rendezvous there, i. 370. Victor IV., Pope. See Alexander III. Vidimar; viscount 
of Limoges, how he incurred the
resentment of Rich 46* 

Page 546 
546 INDEX. ard I., i. 389. Is besieged by him, and all his garrison hanged, 39 
Richard receives his death wound at the
assault; 390.'ienne, John de, admiral of France, sent by the regency of Charles 
VI. to assist the Scots in invading England, ii.
287. Returns home disgusted, 287. Vigo taken and burnt by Sir Francis Drake, iv. 
268. Villains, among the Anglo-Saxons,
what, i. 163. Villenage, the gradual decay of, deduced from the revival of the 
arts, ii. 512. No remains of, left at the time of
Queen Elizabeth, 512. Villiers, George, is introduced to the notice of James I., 
iv. 435. Is made cup-bearer to him, 436. Is
made duke of Buckingham, 438. See Buckingham. Virgil, Polydore, cause of his 
antipathy to Cardinal WVolsey, iii. 117.
Virginia, the first settlers, planted there by Sir Walter Raleigh, desert it, 
iv. 210. The settlements there resumed and effected,
619. Vorstius, a disciple of Arminius, banished from the United Provinces- to 
gratify King James I., iv. 421. Vortigern,
prince of Dumnonium, his character, i. 12, 15. Deposed, 15. Vortimer succeeds 
his father, Vortigern, i. 15. Wager of law,
the source of, i. 172. Wages of laborers, regulated by a law of Henry VII., iii. 
73. Remarks on the rates at that time,
compared with the present, 73. Wakefield, battle of, between Margaret and the 
duke of York, ii. 439. Action there
between Sir Thomas Fairfaxk and Goring, v. 257. Wakeman, Sir George, the queen's 
physician, is accused of an intention
to poison the king, vi. 171. Is acquitted, 208. Walcot, Lieutenant-Colonel, is 
tried and executed for the duke of Monmouth's
conspiracy, vi. 265. Waleran de Ties, his disputes with Richard, earl of 
Cornwall, son of King John, concerning a manor in
that county, ii. 12. Wales, the state of, and the restless disposition of its 
princes, previous to the time of Henry III., ii. 42.
Prince Lewellyn applies to Henry for protection against his rebellious son 
Griffin, 42. Griffin delivered up to Henry by his
elder brother David, who does homage to Henry, 42. Griffin loses his life in 
attempting an escape from the Tower of
London, 42. His son Lewellyn succeeds, and renews the homage to Henry, 42. He 
confederates with Leicester, aid invades
England, 43. Is reduced by Edward I. for not renewing his homage, 77. Lewellyn 
defeated and killed by Mortimer, 78. His
brother and successor, David, tried as a traitor, and executed, 78. The Welsh 
bards all put to death, 78. The traditional
account of its annexation to the crown of England, and giving title to the 
king's eldest son, 78. The motto of the princes of,
whence derived, 228. Insurrection there by Owen Glendour, 330. United to the 
English government by parliament, iii. 198.
Further regulations made to complete the union, 220. Wallace, William, his 
character, ii. 121. Becomes a leader of the
discontented Scots, 122. His first exploits against the English, 122. Chases 
Ormesby, the English justiciary, to England, 122.
Is countenanced by Robert Bruce, 123. Gains a victory over Earl Warrenne, 124. 
Is made regent of Scotland, 124. Makes
an incursion into England, 124. Resigns his regency to avoid giving umbrage to 
the Scots nobles, 125. Is routed at Falkirk
by Edward, 126. His prudent retreat, 126. His conference with young Robert 
Bruce, on the banks of the Carron, 126.
Gains Bruce over to the Scots interest, 127. Is betrayed into the hands of. 
Edward, 131. Is executed on Tower Hill, 131.
Waller, Edmond, the poet, his anecdote of James I., iv. 435. His character as a 
writer, and as a member of parliament, v.
251. Forms a party without doors against the violent counsels within, 252. Is 
discovered, and, with two others, condemned
by a court-martial, 252. Is pardoned, on paying a fine, 253. His character as a 
poet, 530, HIis death, 530. 

Page 547 
INDEX. 54? Waller, Sir William, a parliament general, his rapid exploits, v. 
242. Joins the earl of Essex, 242. Is sent into
the west, and is defeated by -Lord Wilmot on Roundway Down, 246. Is routed by 
the king at Cropredy bridge, 278.
Wallingford House, cabal of, against Richard Cromwell, v. 492. Walpole, Mr., a 
particular examination of Perkin Warbec's
imposture, in reference to his Historical Doubts, iii. 449. Walsingham, minister 
to Queen Elizabeth, countenances the
Puritans, iv. 119. WVhen ambassador at Paris, is deceived by the plausible 
conduct of Charles, 157. Is sent ambassador to
France, on occasion of the intended marriage between Elizabeth and the duke of 
Anjou, 186. The strange contrariety of
instructions received by him, 186. Is averse to the French marriage, 188. Is 
sent ambassador to Scotland, to discover the
real character of James, 196. Sends a favorable account of him, 196. His 
vigilance and artifices to detect conspiracies, 197.
Discovers Babington's conspiracy, 219. His schemes to acquire full insight into 
it, 220. Seizes the conspirators, 221. Justifies
his conduct towards Mary, queen of Scots, on her trial, 228. His letter to 
Thirlstone, the Scots secretary, relating to the
execution of Mary, queen of Scots, 248. His death and character, 548. Walter, 
archbishop of Rouen, is, with others,
appointed by Richard I. counsellor to Longchamp, i. 377. Is made chief 
justiciary, 377. Forces Prince John to an
accommodation, 384. Attends Queen Eleanor to Germany to ransom the king, 386. 
Waltheof, Earl, enters into a conspiracy
against William the Conqueror, i. 203. Betrayed by his wife, 204. Confesses it 
to Lanfranc, archbishop of Canterbury, and
after to the king, 204. Executed, 205. Walworth, mayor of London, kills Wat 
Tyler at the head of his adherents, ii. 285.
Wapentake, what, i. 72. War, reflections on the state of, and manner of carrying 
on, in the early times of the English history,
ii. 359, 406. Civil, favorable to eloquence, v. 528. Warbec, Perkin, his 
parentage, iii. 38. For what purpose sent for by the
duchess of Burgundy, 38. Secreted in Portugal, 38.. Sent to Ireland, and assumes 
the character of the- duke of York, 39.
Invited to Paris by Charles VIII., 39. Magnificent- reception and appointments, 
39. Retires to the duchess of Burgundy, on
the peace between England and France, 39. His interest gains ground in England, 
40. His secrets betrayed by Sir Robert
Clifford, 41. His private history published by Henry VII., 42. Puts to sea with 
a band of refugees, and escapes the snares of
the Kentish men, 45. Makes an ineffectual attempt upon Ireland, 49. Received by 
James IV. of Scotland, and married to
Lady Catharine Gordon, 49. Attends James in an invasion of England, and 
publishes a manifesto, 50. Desired by James to
leave Scotland, on his concluding a truce with England, 55. Excluded Flanders, 
he retires to Ireland, 55. Makes a descent
on Cornwall, 55. Besieges Exeter, 56. Raises the siege, and his followers 
disperse, 56.- His wife taken prisoner and
generously treated, 56. Flies to a sanctuary, 57. Persuaded to surrender, 57. 
Conducted to Londoh in mock triumph, 57.
Makes a confession, which is published, 57. Escapes, 57. T,: ken, and put in the 
stocks, 58. Concerts an escape with the
earl of Warwick, 58. Executed, 58. His imposture established by an express 
examination of circumstances, 449. Wardships,
a branch of the revenue of the Anglo-Norman kings, the vast advantages made 
thereby, i. 463. The oppressive nature of the
prerogative, iv. 352. The commons attempt to free the nation from the burden of, 
395. Enter inlt treaty with the king for
resigning, which fails, 419. Warham, archbishop of Canterbury, and chancellor, 
chosen to the privy 

Page 548 
564~8 INDDEX. council by Henry VIII., iii. 79. Resigns his places, and retires, 
106. His observation on Cardinal Wolsey,
118. Informs Henry of Wolsey's arbitrary conduct, 119. Declares against the 
king's completing his marriage with Catharine
of Arragon, 163. Dies, 191. How imposed on by the story of the holy maid of 
Kent, 208. Warrenne, Earl, the last baron
who submitted to the provisions of Oxford, ii. 35. Joins Prince Edward in 
support of the royal cause against the earl of
Leicester, and the turbulent barons, 45. Commands the van at the battle of 
Lewes, in conjunction with Edward, 48. Flies
beyond sea on the loss of the battle, 49. His reply, when required to show his 
title to his estate, 75. Defeats the Scots, and
takes the Castle of Dunbar, 108. Is left governor of Scotland, 109. Returns to 
England on account of his health, 121.
Collects an army to suppress Wallace, 123. Is defeated by him, 124. Retreats to 
England, 124. Joins the confederacy of the
earl of Lancaster against Piers Gavaston, 149. Warsaw, the battle of, gained by 
Charles X. of Sweden, v. 455. Warwick,
Guy, earl of, confederates with the earl of Lancaster against Piers Gavaston, 
ii. 149. Seizes Gavaston, who is put to death at
Warwick Castle, 150. - -, earl of, left by Henry V. guardian of his infant son, 
Henry VI., ii. 369. This charge transferred, by
parliament, to the bishop of Winchester, 374. -Besieges Montargis, 384. Obliged 
to raise the siege by the count of Dunois,
385. Becomes regent of.Fiance, by the resignation of the duke of York, 407. 
Dies, 407.'- -, earl of, distinguished by the
appellation of KiTng-maker, his character, ii. 419. Made governor of Calais, 
434. Brings over a body of soldiers from
thence to the duke of York, who desert to the king, 436. Lands again, and is 
received at London, 436. Defeats and takes
Henry at Northampton, 436. Defeated by Queen Margaret at St. Albans, 440. - His 
behavior previous to the battle of
Touton, 446. Sent by Edward IV. to Paris, to negotiate a marriage with the queen 
of France's sister, 454. Returns disgusted
with Edward's secret marriage with the lady Elizabeth Gray, 454. Makes a party 
against the king, 465. Gains Edward's
brother, the duke of Clarence, over, by giving him his daughter, 456. Confused 
accounts of their subsequent operations,
458. Raises men, in conjunction with the duke of Clareince, but despairing of 
success, returns to Calais, 460. Refused
admittance by the deputy governor, 460. Received by the king of France, 461. 
Enters into a league with Queen Margaret,
462. Marries his daughter to her son Edward, 462. Gains over his brother 
Montague, 463. Lands at Dartmouth, 463.
Amazing increase of his army, 464. The king expelled by the treachery of 
Montague, 464. Reflections on his temporary
administration, 469. Defeated and killed at the battle of Barnet, 470. Warwick, 
Edward Plantagenet, earl of, imprisoned in
the Tower by Henry VII., iii. 5.. Carried openly through London. to 
discountenance the pretensions of Lambert Simnel, 16.
Executed 59. i Dudley, Viscount Lisle, created earl of, iii. 322. Attends the 
duke of Somerset in his expedition against
Scotland, 334. Restores the advantage to the English at the battle of Pinkey, 
337. Endeavors to foment the differences
between Somerset and the admiral, 347. His history and character, 347. Defeats 
the insurgents in Norfolk,'358. Cabals with
Southampton against Somerset, 360. Enters into a bonspiracy against him at Ely 
House, 362.: Procures Somerset to be sent
to the Tower, 363. Becomes the chief of the council, and drives Southampton away 
disgusted, 363. Marries his son, Lord
Dudley, to the lady Jane Seymour, daughter of Somerset, 364. Gardiner and 
otherbishops deprived of their bishoprics, 368.
The libraries of Westminster and Oxford purged of Romish books, 368. Is created 
duke of Northumberland, 372. See
Northumberland..-a, earl of, eldest son of Dudley, duke of Northumberland, takes 
the 

Page 549 
INDIEX. 49 command of Havre de Grace, for Queen Elizabeth, iv. 55. Prepares to 
defend it by order from the queen, 60.
Is besieged, 60. The garrison infected with the plague, 61. Capitulates, 61. 
Watches, pocket, when first introduced into
England, iv. 370. Welles, Sir Robert, heads an insurrection in Lincolnshire 
against Edward IV., ii. 460. Defeated and
executed by the king, 460. Wentworth, Peter, his spirited speech in the house of 
commons, in reply to assertions of the regal
prerogative, iv. 138. His speech in favor of liberty, 172. Is summoned before a 
committee of the house in the star chamber,
174. His firm behavior before them, 174. Is released by the queen's favor, 174. 
Offends the queen again, by resuming the
subject of the succession, 278. Is sent to the Tower, 278. Proposes queries to 
the house of commons, for determining the
extent of their privileges, 543. ~1 —-- -—, Sir Thomas, his speech in the third 
parliament of Charles I., v. 35. Is created
earl of Strafford, 65. See Strafford. Weregild, among our Saxon ancestors, what, 
i. 169. Wessex, the Saxon kingdom in
Britain, by whom founded, i. 19. History of, 41. West, Dr., dean of Windsor, 
sent by Henry VIII. ambassador to James IV.
of Scotland, to accommodate differences, iii. 91. Advises Henry to prepare for a 
war with James, 92. West Indies, the
effects resulting from the discovery of, to the English crown and people, iv. 
413. The effects on the spirit of the people, 414.
Westminster, a synod held there, on the nzairiage of priests, and wearing long 
hair, i. 258. Another summoned by Henry,
bishop of Winchester, against King Stephen, 277. Is erected into a bishopric by 
Henry VIII., iii. 245. An assembly of
divines called there, for the regulation of religion, v. 291. Westmoreland, earl 
of, suppresses the rebellion of the earl of
Nottingham, and archbishop of'York, and takes them prisoners, ii. 335. ---- -- 
-, earl of, loins the earl of Northumbberland in
raising an insurrection in the north, iv. 125. Takeg shelter in Scotland, 126. 
Westphalia, the peace of the Germanic body
settled by the treaty of, v. 455. Wheat, observations on the price of, in the 
reign of Henry III., ii. 63. Whig, the origin of that
name as a party distinction, vi. 219. The plan of that party for settling the 
government, on the abdication of James II., 357.
Whitgift prevails on Queen Elizabeth to establish a court of ecclesiastical 
commission to prosecute the Puritans, iv. 201.
Whitlocke, his remarks on the case of Lord. Strafford, v. 159, His account of 
the conduct of Charles I., in the negotiation at
Oxford, 544. His speech in parliament relative to the self-denying ordinance, 
287. Wiat, Sir Thomas, engages in a
conspiracy against Queen Mary, on account of the Spanish mntch, iii. 402. A body 
of Norfolk's troops desert to him, 403.
Is suppressed, taken, and executed, 403. Wickham, William of, bishop of 
Winchester, made chancellor by Richard II., ii.
296. Wickliffe, John, a secular priest, his character, ii. 319. His doctrines, 
319. A bull issued by Pope Gregory XI., for
taking him into custody, 320. Cited before Courtnay, bishop of London, and 
protected by the duke of Lancaster, 320. A
new bull icsued against him, but is protected by the people, 320. His address in 
explaining away his tenets, to avoid
conviction of heresy, 321i. His opinions spread, both at home and in Germany, 
321. Dies of a palsy, 321. See Lollards.
Widred, king of Kent, history of his posterity, i. 31. Wilfrid, bishop of 
Lindisferne, in Northumbria, by appealing to Rome
against the decision of an English synod, confirms the pope's suprena acy, i. 
48, 

Page 550 
550 INDEX. Wilkins, Bishop, the first promoter of the Royal Society, vi. 372. 
William I., successor to Rollo, duke of
Normandy, improvement of his country in his time, i. 108. -----—, natural son of 
Robert, duke of Normandy, declared his
successor by his father, i. 132. Makes good his pretensions at his father's 
death, 132. Visits Edward the Confessor, who
entertains favorable intentions of leaving him the succession, 133. Gets Harold 
in his possession, and engages him to swear a
renunciation of his own pretensions, and to assist William in his, 135. Sends 
ambassadors to expostulate with Harold on his
breach of faith, 139. Projects an invasion, 140. Situation of Europe at that 
period, 141. His successful levies, 142. His
address in raising supplies, 144. Review of his forces, 144. Embarks, 146. Lands 
in Sussex, 146. Waits for Harold at
Hastings, 148.. His address to his chieftains, the morning of action, 148. Order 
of battle, 149. Battle of Hastings, 149.
Losses in the action, 151. Consequences of the battle, 178. Seizes Dover, 179. 
Receives the submission of the Londoners,
180.. - the Conqueror, crowned at Westminster Abbey, i. 181. Gratifies his 
troops out of the treasure of Harold, and the
gifts of his new subjects, 182. His kind treatment of Edgar Atheling 183. 
Confirms the liberties of London, 183. Disarms
them, and places all the power in the hands of Normans, 184. Takes the English 
nobility with him to Normandy, 184.
Conjectures as to the motives of his journey there, 186. Returns on account of 
insurrections during his absence, 187.
Reduces Exeter, 188. Builds a citadel there, 188. Reduces Edwin and Morcar in 
the north, 189. His rigorous government,
190. This the occasion of several insurrections, 191. Reduces them, 193. His 
cruel policy, and tyrannical government, 193.
Introduces the feudal law, 195. Subjects the church to it, 196. Receives 
Ermenfroy, the pope's legate, 197. Degrades and
imprisons Stigand, archbishop of Canterbury, 198. Promotes Lanfranc to 
Canterbury, 198. Attempts to suppress the
English lan guage, -200. Repels Malcolm, king of Scotland, and receives homage 
from him, 201. Reduces a rebellion in the
province of Maine, 202. The Normanbarons rebel against him, 202. Suppressed, 
204. His resolute answer to the claims of
Pope Gregory VII., 208. His eldest son, Robert, rebels against him, 211. 
Extraordinary rencounter between them, 211. Is
reconciled to him, 212. Causes a survey of all England to be made, 212. Account 
of Domesday Book, 212. Computation of
his revenue, 213. Wastes Hampshire, to make the new forest, 214. Imprisons his 
brother, Bishop Odo, 215. Makes war
against France, 215. Occasion of his death, and his remorse, 216. Predicts the 
future grandeur of his son Henry, 216. His
character, 216; His title of Conqueror defended, 217. His family, 219. Inquiry 
into his supposed revenues and treasure,
331. His vast grants to his chieftains in England, 450..:- -RRufus, his 
accession to the crown of England, 220. His tyrannical
disposition, 221. Quells an insurrection raised against him, 221. His arbitrary 
administration, 222. Invades Normandy, 223.
Makes peace with his brother, 223. Assists him to reduce their brother Henry, 
224. Invades Normandy again, 225. Obtains
a mortgage on it from his brother Robert, 231. Anecdotes showing his 
indifferency about religion, 231. Appoints Anselm to
the archbishopric of Canterbury, 232. Opposes Urban in his pretensions to the 
papacy, 234. Confiscates Anselm's
temporalities, 234. Embarks for Normandy to rescue Mlans, 236. Accidentally 
killed by Walter Tyirel, 237. Hiis character,
237 A famine caused by the neglect of tillage on account of %his oppressive 
taxes, 462. --, son of Robert, duke of
Normandy, committed by Henry I. to the tutorage of -elie de St. Saen, i. 259. 
Protected by Fulk, count of Anjou, 259.
Marries his daughter, 263. - Put in possession of Flanders. 264. Killed, 264. 

Page 551 
INDEX. 551 William, eldest son of King Henry I., contracted with the daughter of 
Fulk, count of Anjou, i. 259. Recognized
his successor, 261. Drowned in his passage from Normandy to England, 26-1. His 
sentiments regarding the English, 262.
king of Scotland, joins the confederacy of Prince Henry against his father, 
Henry II., i. 339. Repulsed by Richard de Lucy,
guardian of the kingdom, 342. Commits depredations again in the northern 
provinces, 343. Taken prisoner by Ralph de
Granville, 344. Does homag% to Henry, with all his nobility, for his ransom and 
crown, 346. -..- II., king of Naples and
Sicily, how he bequeathed his dominions, i. 371. - de Eynsford, excommunicated 
by Thomas a Becket, i. 300. Absolved by
the king's order, 300. -of Poictiers, his character of the English nobility who 
attended William the Conqueror to Normandy,
i. 184. Williams, bishop of Lincoln, his severe prosecution in the star 
chamberby Archbishop Laud, v. 85. Is insulted by the
populace when archbishop of York, 204. Calls a meeting of his brethren, and 
presents a protestation to the king and his
peers, 204. Willis, Sir Richard, betrays the designs of the royalists, during 
the protectorate, to Oliver Cromwell, v. 468.
Discovers a conspiracy to the pro. tector, 482. Betrays to the long parliament a 
design formed to restore Charles II., 496.
Willoughby, Lord, governor of Paris, unable to maintain it, retires to the 
Bastile, ii. 405. Capitulates, 405. of Broke, Lord,
sent by Henry VII. to the assistance of the duchess of Brittany, iii. 30. Finds 
the court in a distracted state, 30. Returns home
without effecting any thing, 30. Wiltshire, Sir Thomas Boleyn created earl of, 
and sent by Henry VIII. to the pope, whose
foot he refuses to kiss, iii. 184. Winchelsey, Robert de, archbishop of 
Canterbury, procures Pope Boniface to publish a bull
exempting the clergy from paying taxes to princes without the papal consent, ii. 
111. His reply to Edward I., on a demand of
supply from the clergy, 111. His treatment, on the clergy being excluded from 
all protection of the laws, 112. The king
appoints him and Reginald de Grey tutors to Prince Edward, 115. Joins the 
confederacy of \the earl of Lancaster againist
Piers Gavaston, 149. Winchester, a synod summoned there, concerning the celibacy 
of the clergy, i. 209. Henry, bishop of,
brother to King Stephen, calls a svnod, and cites Stephen before it, i. 277. 
Encourages the pretensions of the empress
Matilda, 278. Declares openly in her favor,- 280. His speech at her coronation, 
280. Instigates the Londoners against
Stephen, 281. Besieges Matilda in Winchester, 282. His legatine commission 
withdrawn, 283, Pronounces sentence against
Becket, at the council of Northampton, 308. _. -.-., Henry Beaufort, bishop of, 
the legitimated son of John of Gaunt,
intrusted by parliament with the tutorage of the young king Henry VI., ii. 374. 
- His character, 383. His disputes witth the
dukeof Gloucester, compromised by the duke of Bedford, regent of France, 383. 
Created a cardinal, and sent with men into
Bohemia against the Hussites, which he lends to the duke of Bedford[397. Attends 
the congress at Arras, 403. His disputes
with the duke of Gloucester, throws the English affairs into -confusion, 404. 
His arguments in favor of releasing the duke of
Orleans, 408. Advises a truce with France, 408. Contrives the ruin of the duke 
of Gloucester, 411. Dies, 412. H-ub.,
-Peter des Roches, bishop of, is choseen joint protector with tHubert de Burgh, 
chief justiciary, on the death of the earl of
Pembroke, ii. 8. His character, and anecdotes of him, 15. Succeeds Hubert 
de'Bugh in his offices, and influence over the
king, 15 The barons comr 

Page 552 
082 INDEX, bine against him, 15. His insolent speech with regard to them, 16. 
HiI dismission procured by Edmond, the
primate, 16. Windebank, Sir Francis, secretary, flies to France, to avoid 
impeachment by the long parliament, v. 133.
Windham, Colonel, secretes Charles II., after the battle of Wrorcester, v 419. 
Windsor Castle, by whom built, ii. 269.
Winter, is sent by Queen Elizabeth with a fleet to the assistance of the 
Protestant malecontents in Scotland, iv. 27.
Winwood, Sir Ralph, secretary of state to James I., discovers to the king that 
Sir Thomas Overbury was poisoned by
Somerset and his lady, iv. 436. Wishart, the Scots reformer, an account of, iii. 
331. Is condemned and burnt for heresy,
332. His prophetic denunciation against Cardinal Beaton, 332. His prophecy, how 
accomplished, 333. Witchcraft, and
conjuration, a law against, iv. 58. Witches, numbers burnt under that accusation 
in Scotland, v. 409. The discovery of,
studied as a science, 409. Wittenagemot, the ancient Saxon council of 
parliament, particulars relating to, and conjectures
concerning, i. 154. The commons no part of, 155. Woden, the Saxon god of war, 
some account of, i. 23. Wolf here, king of
Mercia, his history, i. 37. Wolsey, Thomas, his birth, iii. 92. How introduced 
to the notice of Henry VII., 92. His address in
executing a commission from that king to MIaximilian, 92. Introduced to Henry 
VIII. by Fox, bishop of Winchester, 93.
Encourages Henry in his pleasures, 93. The maxims of government he instils into 
him, 93. Admitted of the privy council, 94.
His character, 94. Put in possession of the bishopric of Tournay, 99. Created 
bishop of Lincoln, 102. Reconciles Henry with
the duke of Suffolk, who had married his sister, the queen dowager of France, 
privately, 106. Is promoted to the see of
York, 107. Shares the revenues of the Italian non-resident bishops, 107. His 
magnificence, 108. Is made chancellor, 108.
His disgusts against Francis I. of France, 114. His confidence courted by 
Bonnivet, the French ambassador, 115. Is induced
to persuade Henry to deliver up Tournay, 116. Is believed to have intended the 
delivery of Calais to the French, 117. Is
appointed legate in England, 117. His ostentation, 117. His arbitrary exertions 
of power, 118. Character of John Allen,
judge of his legatine court, 118. His power restrained by the king, 119. Is 
inspired with the hopes of the papacy by the
emperor, Charles V., when in England, 122. Regulates the ceremonial of the 
interview between Henry and Francis, to which
he had persuaded Henry, 122. The, emperor's grants to him at his second 
interview with Henry at Gravelines, 125. His
enormous revenues, 125. His negotiations for peace between the emperor and 
Francis ineffectual, 125. Goes to Bruges, and
concludes an alliance between Henry, the emperor, and the pope, against Francis, 
125, 126. Procures the condemnation of
the duke of Buckingham, 126. Intimidates the convocation into the grant of a 
moiety of ecclesiastical revenues, 141. His
endeavors to procure the required grants from the commons, 141. His arbitrary 
behavior to the citizens of London, 456.
Obtains of Clement VII. the legatine commission for life, 142. His resentment 
against the emperor, on missing the papacy,
142. Erects two colleges, with other ecclesiastical regulations, 142. Receives a 
present covertly from Louise, regent of
France, on the conclusion of her treaty with Henry, 152. Advises the king to 
exert his prerogative in levying taxes, 152.
Becomes odious for his bad counsels and oppressive conduct, 154. Builds the 
palace of Hampton Court, and presents it to
the king, 154. Goes over to France, and makes a treaty with Francis, 160. Is 
appointed by the pope to, try the king's,
marriage, jointly with Cardinal Campeggio, 

Page 553 
I-NDEX., 170. The trial opened, 172. Abruptly prorogued by Campeggio, 17A, The 
great seal taken from him, 176. Is
ordered to depart from York Palace, and his movables there confiscated by the 
king, 176. His want of fortitude on his
disgrace, 176. Is prosecuted in the star chamber, 177. The peers exhibit a long 
charge against him, 177. Is warmly defended
by Thomas Cromwell in the house of commons, 177. Is prosecuted on the statute of 
provisors, 177. Is pardoned by the
king, 178. Is arrested by the earl of Northumberland for high treason, 18o. His 
dying request to the constable of the Tower,
185. His death, and a review of his conduct, 186. Used no severities against the 
reformers, 206. Wolves, how exterminated
from England, i. 97. Woodville, Lord, applies umLsuccessfully to Henry VII., for 
liberty to raise men to assist the duke of
Brittany, iii. 27. Raises a few privately, 27. IRouted and slain by the French, 
27. Wool, a duty granted to Edward I., on the
exportation of, ii. 74. Oppressive extortions practised by him on the traders 
in, 113. Duties'laid on, by parliament, 201. The
great trade in, at the time of Edwvard III., 273. The staple of, where fixed in 
this reign, 275. The price of, during the reign of
James I., iv. 510. Laws relating to, in this reign, 515. Woollen manufacture, 
taxed by parliament, iii. 463. - clothes, state of
the English manufacture of, in the reign of Jamnes I., iv. 515. The art of 
dyeing, when introduced into England, vi. 370.
Women, a body of, petition the long parliament, v. 212. A mob of, rout a synod 
at Perth, 555. Worcester, burnt by order of
Hardicanute, i. 122. Charles II. routed there by Cromwell, v. 417. -, John 
Tibetot, earl of, his character, ii. 466. Taken and
executed by the Lancastrians, 466. Wotton, Dr., is one of Queen Elizabeth's 
ambassadors at the treaty of Cateau
Calubresis, iv. 13. Signs the treaty of Edinburgh with Cecil, on the p.art of 
Elizabeth, 28. Is sent ambassador again to
Scotland, 212. His character, 213. Is forced to fly from Scotland on ac-count of 
his political schemes, 214. Wounds, the
legal composition for, among our Saxon ancestors, i. 170. Wrecks, law made by 
Henry II. to secure the property of, i. 361.
Wriotheseley is made chancellor of England, iii. 301. His cruelty in torturing 
Anne Ascue for heresy, 302. Persuades Henry
to impeach Queen Catharine Par for heresy, 303. Comes to convey the queen to the 
Tower, and is abused by Henry, 304.
Is a pointed one of the regency during the mlillority of Edward VI., 320. ~s 
created earl of Southampton, 322. See
Southampton. Writers, English, a review of those during the reign of Charles I. 
and the succeeding commonwealth, v. 529.
During the reign of Charles II., vi. 373. Writs to parliament, the ancient 
establishment of summoning barons by, ii. 98.
Wycherley, a character of his dramatic writings, vi. 376. Yelverton, his fiee 
speech in the house of commons, on Elizabeth's
invasion of their privileges, iv. 135. —, a lawvyer, his speech on being chosen 
speaker of the house of colmmoniuls, in the
reign of Queen Elizabeth, iv. 549. Yeomen of the guard, first institution of, 
iii. 7. York, city of, its size at the time of the
Norman conquest, i. 162. Burnt 192. The Norman garrison put to the sword, 192. A 
court of justice erected there by
Henry VIII., iii. 239. The chapter lands of that see seized'by Henry VIII., 274. 
A great council of peers summoned there by
Charles I., v. 123. Is besieged by the parliamentary army, but relieved by 
Prince Rupert, 275. Is obliged to surrender after
the battle of Marston Moor, 277. VOL. VI. 47 H 

Page 554 
5654 MNDERX. York and Lancaster, the parties of, how distinguished, ii. 45M. 
New. See New York. archbishop of,
executed for rebellion by Henry IV., ii. 336...--—,'duke of, uncle to Richard 
II., left guardian of the realm during Richard's
absence in Ireland, ii. 308. Raises forces against Henry, duke of Lancaster, but 
espouses his party, 308., Richard, duke of,
son to the earl of Cambridge, appointed successor to the duke of Bedford as 
regent of France, ii. 404. Finds the English
affairs in France in a declining way, 405. Resigns his government to the earl of 
Warwick, 407. Resumes it on the earl's
death, 407. Concludes a truce with the duke of Burgundy, 407. His pretensions to 
the crown of England, 417. His
character, 417. His pretensions, how regarded, 419. Driven fo the assertion of 
his claim, 426. Motives which retarded his
having recourse to arms, 429. Raises an army, demanding a reformation of 
government, 430. Is followed into Kent by the
king, and retires, after a parley, 430. Created lieutenant of the kingdom, with 
a power to hold parliaments, 432. Made
protector by the parliament during pleasure, 432. His moderation, and in what 
respect hurtful, 432. Levies arms against the
king, and battle of St. Albans, 433. A formal reconciliation among the partisans 
of York and Lancaster, 435. Retreats to
Ireland, 436. Returns and opens his pretensions to parliament, 437. His right of 
succession and present administration
acknowledged, 438. Defeated an.d killed by Queen Margaret at Wakefield, 440. His 
son, the earl of Rutland, murdered by
Lord Clifford, 440., Edward, duke of, defeats the earl of Pembroke at Mortimer's 
Cross, ii. 440. Enters London, and
procures a popular election to the crown, 442. See Edward IV. J-, James, duke 
of, second son of Charles I., serves in the
French and Austrian armies during his brother's exile, v. 480. A present voted 
him by parliament on his brother's restoration,
517. Takes command of the fleet which carried his brother over t~ England, as 
lord high admiral, 518. Seduces the daughter
of Lord Clarendon, vi. 10. Marries her, 10. Becomes a zealous Catholic, 31. His 
motives for desiring a Dutch war, 37.
Commands a fleet, and defeats Opdam, the Dutch admiral, 40. His behavior on this 
engagement justified, 41. His duchess
dies a Catholic, and he now openly professes the same religion, 92. Is, with the 
French fleet, attacked by De Ruyter at
Solebay, 102. Is set aside by the test act, 118. Maintains an intimate 
correspondence with the king of France, 129. His
daughter, the lady Mary, married to the prince of Orange, 15C Obtains an 
exception from the new test act, 187. Retires to
Brussels, 196. Bill of exclusion passed against him by the commons, 203. ReI. 
turns, and retires to Scotland, 216. The earl
of Shaftesbury presents him to the grand jury of Middlesex as a Popish recusant, 
220. The exclusion bill resumed, 225.
Arguments urged for and against his exclusion from the succession, 225. Holds a 
parliament in Scotland, 250. His cruel
administration there, 253. Sues Pilkington, sheriff of London, for defamation, 
257. His daughter, the lady Anne, married to
Prince George of Denmark, 277. Is restored to the office of lord high admiral, 
277. His accession to the crown, 285. See
James II. Yorkshire, insurrection there, in Edward IV.'s time, ii. 457. Checked 
by the lord Montague, 458. Joined by
leaders of distinction, 458. Defeated at Banbury, 458. Mutual executions, 458. 
No particulars to be found how it was
quelled, 459. Ypres taken by Lewis XIV., vi. 154. Yvree, battle of, between 
Henry IV. of France, and the generals of the
Catholic league, iv. 274. Zuylestein, his commission to England, and the 
consequences of it, n 335. Is sent by the prince of
Orange to forbid King James returning ti London, 351. 

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