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Recent Problems in Evolution - 1990

Molecular clock does not tick for eukaryotic histone sequences

Evolutionists have proposed a hypothesis called the molecular clock hypothesis, which states that the rate of sequence drift for a protein depends on the number of amino acid residues that are critical for its function. It would seem likely that non-critical amino acid residues should be substituted on a random basis through the eons of time. However, recent experiments have determined that core histone sequences are highly conserved among eukaryotes, even though large regions of the proteins are dispensable for growth in yeast. (Behe M.J. Histone deletion mutants challenge the molecular clock hypothesis. Trends in Biochemical Sciences 15 (10): 374-6, 1990.)

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Direct interaction between amino acids and a prototypic adapter oligonucleotide is an impossible model for primitive protein synthesis

The model for primitive protein synthesis as proposed by F. Crick assumes a direct interaction between the amino acid and a prototypic adapter oligonucleotide. Recent studies have shown this hypothesis to be irreconcilable with the large spatial separation between the aminoacylation site and the anticodon in present day transfer RNA's. (Moller W. and Janssen GM. Biochimie 72 (5): 361-8, 1990.)

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The evolution of maleness is unlikely according to Darwinian theory

Darwinian theory has yet to explain adequately the fact of sex. Males of most species provide little or no aid to offspring, and a high (up to 2-fold) extra average fitness has to emerge as a property of a sexual parentage if sex is to be stable. The advantage must presumably come from recombination but has not been identified. (Hamilton WD., Axelrod R. and Tanese R. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 87 (9): 3566-73, 1990.)

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The origin of the mammalian Y chromosome remains a mystery

The problems encountered for theories on the evolution of the primate and rodent Y chromosomes have lead to conflicting theories. Recent studies done at the DNA level contradict the predominant theory for the evolution of the mammalian Y chromosome. (Maxson SC. Behavior Genetics 20 (1): 109-26, 1990.)

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Parallel seasonal delayed implantation of fertilized eggs has evolved independently at least 17 times?

Seasonal delayed implantation of fertilized eggs has been described in 47 mammalian species in ten families. Current evolutionary theory would require that this response has evolved independently at least 17 times. This would seem to be very unlikely, especially since the trait seems to provide little or no survival benefit. (Sandell M. Quarterly Review of Biology 65 (1): 23-42, 1990.)

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Hormone-receptor co-evolution seems unlikely from the complex pathways.

The hormone-receptor development was probably a powerful formative force in the development of macroorganisms, and its baffling complexity can only begin to find an explanation on the basis of structure/function relationships of the encoding material and its products. (Schwabe C. Comparative Biochemistry & Physiology A-Comparative Physiology 97 (2): 101-6, 1990.)

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Lack of evolution of isozyme patterns of Jews separated for 2,000 years.

Theories of evolution state that the characteristic isozyme patterns found in different races are due to local environmental influences. However, Jews from diverse countries, and in spite of 2,000 years of separation from the Near East, retain the frequencies of isozymes of their Near Eastern origins. (Nevo E. Progress in Clinical & Biological Research 344: 701-42, 1990.)

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