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COME TO AN ESPERANTO CLUB MEETING!
Come
and hear Esperanto as she is spoke
Click
click here for more details!
Free course in Esperanto!
This class is held in the East Village, New York City.
Please contact Tom Eccardt by e-mail (teccardt%hotmail.com, replacing "%" with "@") or call 212-477-6516. When there are enough students, we will set up a class.
Welcome to my Esperanto course homepage! This is the seven-lesson course I gave in Stuyvesant Adult Center in New York City. Right now, it's little more than a text, but hopefully in the future I'll add sounds.
You may print out this course and even distribute it to your friends, but you must not add anything or leave anything out, including the by-line and copyright.
To see the course correctly,
you need to get the right fonts. They can be found at:
Flandra
Esperanto Ligo. It's called: Times SudEuro: ISO-Latin3
kodita TrueType-tiparo por Vindozo 3.1 kaj '95.
Here are a few links to Esperanto organizations:
ESNY
Esperanto Society of New York
ELNA
Esperanto League for North America
UEA
Universal Esperanto Association
Please
send your comments about this page to TECCARDT at hotmail.com.
Please substitute "@" for the word "at" when using this address. Thanks!
You are visitor#:
You should memorize the sentences at the beginning of each lesson. Well, if you don't want to memorize them try this: Write out a translation of the sentences in English, being careful your translation is correct. Then learn to recite each original Esperanto sentence exactly the way it appears in the text after you read each of your English sentences.
For those people using this book without a teacher, here is your first lesson on the sounds of Esperanto:
Pronounce the vowels this way:
fAther, mEt, machIne, nOte, sUre.
Pronounce the letter j
like
English Y. So the Esperanto word "jes," sounds exactly like the English
word "yes." Pronounce the letter ý like English W.
Pronounce æu like "choo." Pronounce the letter
c
like TS. Clearly pronounce every letter of an Esperanto word -- there
are no silent letters.
Stress every word on the SECOND-TO-LAST
syllable. The English words many and figure are stressed
on the second-to-last syllable, and so they are stressed like the Esperanto
words multaj and faras. The words design and
without
are stressed on the last syllable in English, so they don't resemble any
Esperanto words. The word gramatiko doesn't sound much like
the English word grammar. You should say "grah-mah-TEE-ko",
not "grammer". Notice that the ti (TEE) should be the loudest-sounding
part of the word. If an Esperanto word has only one syllable, it
is usually not stressed at all. The letter J is not a vowel in Esperanto,
so it doesn't count as a syllable. That's why personoj is
stressed on the first "o," not the second: "pair-SOH-noy." We'll
talk more about pronunciation later.
B. Memorize the write-up, until you can recite it by looking only at your English translation (from A.)
C. Look carefully at the write-up, and find all the words that end in J, except kaj. Can you tell why it is used in those places? Now look at all the questions in the write-up. Which are the two different words used to begin the answers to these questions? In Esperanto, all questions begin with æu if they can be answered this way.
D. Translate the following
into Esperanto:
1. Conversations are not grammar.
2. Esperanto is international. 3. You are an Esperantist. 4. Many
people are in the car. 5. Are you Esperantists? 6. I am not
you. 7. You are friends. 8. The course is new.
9. Many friends are Esperantists. 10. Many friends are not
Esperantists. 11. Are you (a) friend?
E. Add -j to each
of the words that end in -o or
-a (except la) , and
translate into English:
1. La aýtomobilo
estas nova. 2. La kontenta persono estas esperantisto. 3. La
persono estas amiko.
4. Parto de la kurso
estas konversacio.
F. Now add æu
to the beginning of your sentences (in E.) and translate them into English.
Kaj la vortoj
estas partoj
do de mi.
Æu de vi?
The letter r is pronounced
like Spanish or Italian R. It sounds very much like the North American
pronunciation of TT in the word
better. Try to avoid pronouncing
R as in English, or you may have difficulty speaking with non-English-speaking
Esperantists.
B. Memorize the conversation, until you can recite it by looking only at your English translation (from A.)
C. Look carefully at the dialogue, and find all the words that end in -i, except for mi and vi. What word comes at the start of each of their English translations? Which Esperanto word comes before each "i-word" (except desegni) in the conversations? What does voli mean? What word comes after scias in the conversation? In English, can we leave out the word that after know, in other words can we say I know you have a sister instead of I know THAT you have a sister. What about in Esperanto? How many times does the word do appear in the following sentence: What do you do? How many times does faras appear in the following Esperanto sentence Kion vi faras?
D. Translate the following
into Esperanto:
1. What do you do? 2.
Who are you? 3. How are you? 4. I want to learn. 5. I know
that you want to learn. 6. I know you want to learn. 7. Are you a
student? 8. You're a student, aren't you? 9. What do
you want to know? 10. I want to study music.
E. Transform the following
sentences, using volas: Q. Mi lernas Esperanton. A.
Mi volas lerni Esperanton. (Note the word lerni.)
1. Mi havas familion.
2. Mi estas Esperantisto. 3. Mi estas studento. 4. Mi faras
lecionon. 5. Mi lernas la muzikon. 6. Mi fartas bone.
F. Now transform the
same sentences using "la amiko scias, ke": Q. Mi lernas Esperanton.
A. La amiko scias, ke mi lernas Esperanton.
B. Memorize the Esperanto dialogue, until you can recite it by looking only at your English translation (from A).
C. Look carefully at the dialogue, and find all the places where the word bonvolu (please) occurs. What kind of word follows it, that is, what letter do all the neighboring words end in? Find the translation of each of these words. What little English word accompanies each of the translations? Does this match your English translation of the dialogue? It shouldn't! Now find all the words that end in -as and all the words that end in -i (except ili, mi, vi) in this and previous lessons. Did you know that any word ending in -i could also end -as instead? Just replace one ending with another. What is the difference between the two endings? Now look at the tranlations of a television, a child etc. How does Esperanto translate the little English word a?
D. Translate the following
into Esperanto:
1. Do you think I can dance?
2. I have a bad television. 3. I want to think. 4. What
do you want? 5. I don't want to be a journalist. 6. Please
remember about the car! 7. I don't know where I am. 8. I don't
know who you are. 9. Do you know who I am? 10.
Hello! Good Evening! 11. Please go with me.
E. Translate the following
into Esperanto:
1. I work in a company.
2. You dance with me. 3. I go to a party. 4. I think about
the child. 5. You remember the party.
F. Now transform your
translations (in E.) by adding please and making them a request:
Q.
Mi laboras en kompanio. A. Bonvolu labori en kompanio.
B. Memorize the Esperanto dialogue, until you can recite it by looking only at your English translation (from A).
C. Look carefully at the dialogue, and find all the words that end in -e (except one-syllable words like ke, ne, je), and look at their translations. Are they all translated by a single word, or is there more than one word or implied word? In the dialogue do they refer to something concrete like a table, or to something more abstract, like the weather or "something you said?" Now look at this lesson and previous lessons for the endings -as, -is, and -os. Comparing them, can you figure out what they mean? Finally, how do words that start with mal- compare with the same words without mal-?
D. Translate into Esperanto:
1. By night the sun does not shine. 2. It shines by day. 3. It is now five o'clock. 4. Is it five o'clock already? 5. The sun is brighter. 6. Was it cold at one o'clock? 7. It's true, the days are shorter. 8. Of course I know where you are. 9. I was really happy. 10. Now I am unhappy, because you are happy. 11. Where can we dance? 12. It was raining during the day. 13. And it's still raining.
E. Translate the following
into English:
1. La vetero estas varma.
2. Øi estas varma. 3. Estas varme. 4. Esperanto
estas logika. 5. Øi estas logika. 6. Estas logike,
ke vi parolas Esperanton. 7. La suno estas luma. 8.
Øi estas luma. 9. Estas lume je la unua. 10.
La fakto estas vera. 11. Øi estas vera. 12. Estas
vere, ke la suno brilas.
B. Memorize the Esperanto dialogue, until you can recite it by looking only at your English translation (from A).
C. Look carefully at the dialogue, and find all the words which end in -an or -on. What's the difference between words with -n and without -n? What's the difference between the English words he and him? Between she and her? Between I and me? Does Esperanto carry this differnce further than English? Does your theory about the Esperanto use of -n hold for the expression bonan tagon? What if it meant I wish you a good afternoon? Look at the sentences with estas in them. If necessary, go back to previous lessons. Do words ending in -an or -on gowith estas? Now look at the words that end with -æi. What do they mean when they appear without -æi?
D. Translate the following
into Esperanto:
I love you. Do you love
me? Here is a globe. Please look for your home. What
time will you go? At five o'clock. Who has what? I have
a television. A television does not have a hat. Please sit
down and type. Please give me your hat. Please send me your
resume. What must I do? It doesn't matter. I need a job.
My job needs me. Here is your hat. Now please go!
B. Memorize the Esperanto dialogue, until you can recite it by looking only at your English translation (from A).
C. Look carefully at the dialogue, and find all the words which end in -us. What word do their English translations have in common? Can you use the English word would twice in an if sentence? What about in Esperanto? Now go back to the dialogue and find all the words which begin with ki-. What kind of words are they? Are they found in statements or questions? Go back to all the dialogues and make a list of all the Esperanto words which begin with ki-. Does your theory still hold? Now remove the ki- from each of these words and replace it with ti-. What kind of words result?
D. Translate the following
into Esperanto:
What would you do if you had
money? I would eat more. What would you eat? I would
eat strange foods. Could you work at an agency? France is a
beautiful country. Would you go there? I would go if I could
go, but I can't go, so I won't go. But maybe I could go. I
come from New York. Please make him eat the food. How
did you do that? I am an American, but I often speak Esperanto.
Did you say that you speak Esperanto?
Next, compare these two words: usonano, Usono. Ano means member or inhabitant. Review the following words: Novjorko, kongreso, eksterlando, familio, kurso. Now how would you translate the following into Esperanto: New Yorker, member of congress, foreigner, family member, member of a course?
Finally, compare the following
words: esperantisto, Esperanto; instruisto, instrui. Now use
the following Esperanto words: laboro, arto, desegni, lingvo, muziko,
vendi; to create Esperanto words meaning:
worker, artist,
drawer (sketcher), linguist, musician, seller.
Kara amiko!
En via lasta kaj unua letero, vi dankis min pro skribi al vi -- ne dankinde! Mi estas junulino, kiu esperantistiøis en mil naýcent naýdek ses.
Mia familio havas malgrandan, simplan domon. Ni malofte rigardas televidon, sed ni þatas aýskulti radion kaj legi librojn.
Mi ludas interne nuntempe, kaj trinkas varman kafon, æar æiam estas terure malvarme kiam revenas la vintro. En mia lando æio estas jam kovrita per neøo -- æio blankiøis. Kaj nurr hieraý la neøo komenciøis! Mi aýdis ke morgaý øi finiøos, post la oka horo.
Mi vekiøis sufiæe frue hodiaý matene, øuste je la sesa. Mi øenerale vekiøas je la sama horo, la oka, kaj tiam mi vekas mian fraton. Post maten-manøi, ni prenas niajn librojn kaj iras al la lernejo. Ofte estas iu interesa afero tie.
Hodiaý la instruisto prezentis al ni iun junulon kiu nur iomete komprenas nian lingvon. Sed mi parolis kun li esperante sen problemo!
Mi devas fini nun la leteron. Bonvolu ne forgesi reskribi, kaj øis revido!
Via amikino.
B. Memorize the Esperanto letter, until you can recite it by looking only at your English translation (from A).
C. Look carefully at the letter, and find all the words which end in -iøas -iøis or -iøos. The ending -iø means to become. But what is the difference between vekas and vekiøas, between finas and finiøas? Which one can be followed by a word ending in -on? What do words beginning with re- have in common? Is it similar to English words which begin the same way?
D. Translate the following
into Esperanto:
1. Thank you for the book.
2. You're welcome. 3. Winter has begun. 4. Begin your
lesson. 5. See you again! 6. Don't forget to come back.
7. Everything became simple. 8. When will I see you again?
9. After reading the book, I gave it to my friend. 10.
Who took the report? 11. I eat at the same time.
E. Fill in the blanks (*)
in the following chart:
kiu | tiu | iu | æiu | neniu |
which | that | some | each, every | no |
kio | tio | io | æio | nenio |
what | that | something | * | nothing |
kiel | tiel | iel | æiel | neniel |
how, as | thus, so | somehow | in every way | in no way |
kiam | tiam | iam | æiam | neniam |
* | then | sometime | always | * |
kia | tia | ia | æia | nenia |
what kind of | such a | some kind of | each kind of | no kind of |
kial | tial | ial | æial | nenial |
* | that's why | for some reason | for every reason | * |
kie | tie | ie | æie | neniu |
where | * | somewhere | * | nowhere |
kiom | tiom | iom | æiom | neniom |
how much | that much | some (amount) | every amount | no amount |
kies | ties | ies | æies | nenies |
whose | its, the latter's | * | everyone's | nobody's |
If kompreneble (of course) literally means able to be understood, and kompreni means to understand, then how would you translate the following into Esperanto: visible, audible, drinkable, forgettable?
If junulino means young
woman while junulo means
young man, and if amiko
means male friend, while amikino means female friend,
then how would you translate the following into Esperanto: actress,
female student.
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