ENGLAND
See also CITY OF LONDON CHURCH OF ENGLAND ROMAN CATHOLIC HIERARCHY IN ENGLAND 1871 - 1945
LOCAL ENGLISH ADMINISTRATIONS
England had no separate administration within the United Kingdom. So this page is concerned with some local administrations, in most cases symbolic remnants of medieval jurisdictions : - the Confederation of the Cinque Ports - the Duchy of Cornwall - the Duchy and County Palatine of Lancaster - the Island of Lundy - the Scilly Islands - the Island of Wight
CONFEDERATION OF THE CINQUE PORTS
A Confederation of the Cinque Ports - in charge of the naval defence of the English southeastern coast - most probably already existed before the Norman conquest of 1066. It was however only under the Norman Kings and their successors that the original Cinque Ports were given charters granting them fargoing administrative, economic and judicial privileges, in exchange for a regular supply of a war and transport fleet. (1) After the creation of a regular English fleet in 1496 by King Henry VII (1457 - 1509 ; r. 1485 - 1509) the importance of the Ports gradually declined and by the middle of the 19th century they had lost most of their privileges and rights. (2) (1) The members of the Confederation included (and still include) : - the five original Cinque Ports : (in order of importance) Hastings New Romney Hythe Dover Sandwich - the two "Ancient Towns", which joined in the 12th century : Rye Winchelsea - the "Limbs", which joined in the 15th century and were attached to one of the above listed members : (the limbs were not directly concerned by the royal charters, but had the right to share the privileges of the town to which they were attached, in exchange for providing help to these towns) Lydd (limb of New Romney) Folkestone, Faversham and Margate (limbs of Dover) Deal and Ramsgate (limbs of Sandwich) Tenterden (limb of Rye) (2) Original privileges had included the : - freedom from toll and similar taxes and duties, - exemption from the jurisdiction of external courts and the right to hold their own courts, most notably an Admiralty Court with some jurisdiction over large parts of the North Sea, including the Channel . - right to hold a large Herring Fair each year, - etc, All that remained of these privileges in the 20th century were the right of the Barons of the Cinque Ports (= elected delegates to a royal coronation) to carry the capony and to have places of honour in Westminster Abbey at the coronation. Futhermore the Court of Admiralty of the Cinque ports also maintained its extended jurisdiction (although apparentely only in name) Lord Wardens, Admirals of the Cinque Ports and Constables of Dover Castle [the Lord Wardens have no real power (although they still appoint the Judge of the Court of Admiralty) their main task being the protection of what remains of the Ports privileges] 1829 - 1852 Fieldmarsh. Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington 1769 - 1852 1853 - 1860 James Andrew Broun Ramsay, Marquess of Dalhousie 1812 - 1860 1860 - 1865 Henry John Temple, Viscount Palmerston 1784 - 1865 1866 - 1891 Georges Granville Leveson-Cower, Earl Granville 1815 - 1891 1891 William Henry Smith Jr. 1825 - 1891 1892 - 1895 Frederick Temple Hamilton-Temple- Blackwood, Marquess of Dufferin and Ava 1825 - 1902 1895 - 1903 Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, Marquess of Salisbury 1830 - 1903 1903 - 1905 George Nathaniel Curzon, Marquess Curzon of Kedleston 1859 - 1925 1905 - 1907 Prince George Frederick Ernest Albert, Prince of Wales (=King George V) 1865 - 1936 1908 - 1913 Thomas Brassey, Earl of Brassey (1911) 1836 - 1918 1913 - 1934 William Lygon, Earl Beauchamp 1872 - 1938 1934 - 1935 Rufus Daniel Isaacs Reading, Marquess of Reading 1860 – 1935 1936 - 1941 Freeman Freeman-Thomas Willingdon, Marquess of Willingdon 1866 - 1941 1941 - 1965 Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill 1874 - 1965 1965 - 1978 Sir Robert Gordon Menzies (Australia) 1894 - 1978 1979 - 2002 Queen Mother Elisabeth° 1900 - 2002 Speakers of the Confederation of the Cinque Ports (The Speakers of the Confederation were elected from among the mayors of the Five original Ports and of the Two Ancient Towns for a period of one year on may 21) (Sa = Mayor of Sandwich, Ha = of Hastings, W = of Winchelsea, R = of Rye, N = of (New) Romney, Hy = of Hythe, D = of Dover) 1847 - 1848 Phillips Moneypenny (Hy) 1848 - 1849 Anthony Freeman Payn (D) 1849 - 1850 Henry Keen (Sa) (2x) 1850 - 1851 James Emary (Ha) 1851 - 1852 William Sergeant (W) 1852 - 1853 James Foulis Plomley (R) 1853 - 1854 John Russell (N) 1789 - 1863 1854 - 1855 Philip Sandilands (Hy) 1855 - 1856 James Worsfold (D) 1856 - 1857 Richard Marsh (Sa) 1857 - 1858 James Rock Jnr. (Ha) 1858 - 1859 Rupert Curteis Stileman (W) 1831 - 1908 1859 - 1860 George Henry Edwards (R) 1860 - 1861 Thomas Cobb (N) 1861 - 1862 Phillips Moneypenny (Hy) (2x) 1862 - 1863 James Worsfold (D) (2x) 1863 - 1864 James Dorman (Sa) 1864 - 1865 Stephen Putland (Ha) 1865 - 1866 Charles Robins (W) 1866 - 1867 Joseph Judge (R) 1867 - 1868 William Dering Walker (N) 1811 - 1892 1868 - 1869 James Watts (Hy) 1869 - 1870 John Birmingham (D) 1870 - 1871 Richard J. Emmerson (Sa) 1871 - 1872 Thomas Ross (Ha) 1872 - 1873 Robert Vaile Skinner (W) 1873 - 1874 Charles Pix Meryon (R) 1874 - 1875 William Dering Walker (N) (2x) 1875 - 1876 Henry Bean Mackeson (Hy) 1812 - 1894 1876 - 1877 George Fielding (D) 1877 - 1878 Frank Baker (Sa) 1878 - 1879 Charles Henry Gausden (Ha) 1879 - 1880 Rupert Curteis Stileman (W) (2x) 1880 - 1881 Henry Burra (R) 1881 - 1882 John Humphrey (N) 1882 - 1883 George Cobay (Hy) 1883 - 1884 Rowland Rees (D) 1884 - 1885 William James Hughes (Sa) 1848 - 1885 - 1886 Edwin Bradman (Ha) 1886 - 1887 Robert Vaile Skinner (W) (2x) 1887 - 1888 Kingsnorth Reeve (R) 1843 - 1888 - 1889 Richard Rothwell Daglish (N) 1841 - 1889 - 1890 Daniel John West (Hy) 1846 - 1890 - 1891 William John Adcock (D) 185. - 1891 - 1892 William James Hughes (Sa) (2x) 1892 - 1893 Alexander Richard Croucher (Ha) 1893 - 1894 William Martindale (W) 1894 - 1895 Francis Bellingham (R) 1895 - 1896 Richard Rothwell Daglish (N) (2x) 1896 - 1897 Benjamin Horton (Hy) 1897 - 1898 Sir William Henry Crundall (D) 1847 - 1934 1898 - 1899 William James Hughes (Sa) (3x) 1899 - 1900 Frederick Tuppenney (Ha) 1843 - 1900 - 1901 John Rutherford Skinner (W) 1901 - 1902 Frank Jarrett (R) 1856 - 1902 - 1903 Richard Stafford Charles (N) 1862 - 1903 - 1904 John James Jeal (Hy) 1850 - 1904 - 1905 Sir William Henry Crundall (D) (2x) 1905 - 1906 John Bennett Joyce (Sa) 1906 - 1907 Stanley T. Weston (Ha) 1907 - 1908 George Mallows Freeman (W) 18.. - 1934 1908 - 1909 Joseph Adams (R) 1909 - 1910 Frederick Maude (N) 1910 - 1911 Frederick William Butler (Hy) 1911 - 1912 William Bromley (D) 1912 - 1913 William James Hughes (Sa) (4x) 1913 - 1914 Edward Armitage Hocking (Ha) 1914 - 1915 George Mallows Freeman (W) (2x) 1915 - 1916 George Frederick Burnham (R) 1916 - 1917 Alfred Smith (N) 1917 - 1918 William Richard Cobay (Hy) 1852 - 1918 - 1919 Edwin Wood Thorp Farley (D) 1864 - 1939 1919 - 1920 George Christopher Solley (Sa) 1920 - 1921 William James Fellows (Ha) 1921 - 1922 James McGowan (W) 1922 - 1923 Albert Truelove (R) 1867 - 1923 - 1924 Arthur Fairfax Luxmoore (N) 1924 - 1925 Richard Price (Hy) 1925 - 1926 William H. East (D) 1... - 1926 1926 Capt. Thomas Bodley-Scott (D) 1926 - 1927 Henry Wyborn (Sa) 1927 - 1928 Arthur Davis Thorpe (Ha) 1863 - 1928 - 1929 George Mallows Freeman (W) (3x) 1929 - 1930 Joseph Molyneux Jenkins (R) 1930 - 1931 Max Teichman Derville (N) 1876 - 1963 1931 - 1932 Capt. George Few (Hy) 1932 - 1933 Fredrick H. Morecroft (D) 1933 - 1934 John James Caspell (Sa) 1869 - 1934 - 1935 Arthur Blackman (Ha) 1868 - 1935 - 1936 James McGowan (W) (2x) 1936 - 1937 Edward Frederic Benson (R) 1867 - 1940 1937 - 1938 Max Teichman Derville (N) (2x) 1938 - 1939 Sir Arthur Jelf (Hy) 1939 - 1940 James Robinson Cairns (D) 1... - 1945 1940 - 1941 LtCol. William P. V. Prescott-Westcar (Sa) 1941 - 1942 William Ernest Jameson (Ha) 1942 - 1943 LtCol. ... Goldschmidt (W) 1943 - 1944 Edward Gurth Wace (R) 1944 - 1945 Charlie Cavey (N) 1945 - 1946 Edward Uden (Hy) MAYORS OF THE CINQUE PORTS AND OF THE ANCIENT TOWNS (S) = also Speakers of the Confederation Mayors of Hastings 1846 - 1848 Frderick Ticehurst 1848 - 1849 Alfred Burton 1849 - 1850 George Scrivens 1850 - 1851 James Emary (S) s.a. 1851 - 1853 Thomas Hickes 1853 - 1854 Charles Clift 1854 - 1855 Will Ginner 1855 - 1856 Frederick Ticehurst (2x) 1856 - 1857 Thomas Ross s.a. 1857 - 1858 Thomas Rock Jnr. (S) s.a. 1858 - 1859 Will Ginner (2x) 1859 - 1860 Edward Hayles 1860 - 1861 Frederick Ticehurst (3x) 1861 - 1862 Thomas Ross (2x) 1862 - 1863 Will Ginner (3x) 1863 - 1864 James Rock Jnr. (2x) 1864 - 1865 Stephen Purland (S) s.a. 1865 - 1866 Frederick Ticehurst (4x) 1899 - 1867 William Scrivens 1867 - 1868 William Ginner 1868 - 1870 William Scrivens (2x) 1870 - 1873 Thomas Ross (3x) (S 1871 - 1872) 1873 - 1874 Charles Henry Gausden s.a. 1874 - 1876 George Archibald Thorpe 1876 - 1877 Charles Henry Gausden (2x) 1877 - 1878 John Howell 1878 - 1879 Charles Henry Gausden (3x) (S) 1879 - 1880 Henry Winter 1880 - 1881 Charles Henry Gausden (4x) 1881 - 1883 William Francis Revil 1883 - 1884 George Archibald Thorpe (2x) 1884 - 1886 Edwin Bradnam (S 1885 - 1886) s.a. 1886 - 1887 George Archibald Thorpe (3x) 1887 - 1890 William Stubs 1890 - 1891 Edwin Bradnam (2x) 1891 - 1892 Ben Henry Went Tree 1892 - 1893 Alexander Richard Croucher (S) s.a. 1893 - 1894 Ben Henry Went Tree (2x) 1894 - 1897 Stanley Thomas Weston s.a. 1897 - 1898 Frederick Bagshave 1898 - 1900 Frederick Tuppenney (S) s.a. 1900 - 1902 Frederick Adolphus Langham 1902 - 1904 Ben Henry Went Tree (3x) 1904 - 1905 Charles Eaton 1905 - 1906 Robert W. Mitchell 1906 - 1907 Stanley Thomas Weston (2x) (S) 1907 - 1908 Robert W. Mitchell (2x) 1908 - 1909 Frederick Tuppenney (2x) 1909 - 1911 Robert W. Mitchell (3x) 1911 - 1913 George Hutchings 1913 - 1915 Edward Armitage Hocking (S 1913 - 1914) s.a. 1915 - 1917 George Hutchings (2x) 1917 - 1918 William Perkins 1918 - 1919 Arthur Blackman s.a. 1919 - 1920 William Perkins (2x) 1920 - 1922 William James Fellows (S 1920 - 1921) s.a. 1922 - 1923 Robert W. Mitchell (3x) 1923 - 1924 Arthur Blackman (2x) 1924 - 1926 William James Fellows (2x) 1926 - 1927 Thomas Southall Dymond 1927 - 1929 Arthur Davis Thorpe (S 1927 - 1928) s.a. 1929 - 1930 Francis Maurice Russell Davies 1930 - 1932 George Holt Ormerod 1932 - 1934 Henry Burden 1934 - 1935 Arthur Blackman (3x) (S) 1935 - 1936 Ernest Marmaduke Ford 1936 - 1937 Arthur Blackman (4x) 1937 - 1940 Ernest marmaduke Ford (2x) 1940 - 1944 William Ernest Jameson (S 1941 - 1942) s.a. 1944 - 1945 Arthur Blackman (5x) 1945 - 1949 Frank William Chambers Mayors of New Romney 1847 - 1848 John Russell (5x) s.a. 1848 - 1849 Henry Bacheler walker 1849 - 1850 John Walker (7x) 1774 - 1857 1850 - 1851 Thomas Cobb (3x) s.a. 1851 - 1852 John Walker (8x) 1852 - 1853 Henry Bacheler Walker (2x) 1853 - 1854 John Russell (6x) (S) 1854 - 1855 Thomas Cobb (4x) 1855 - 1856 John Walker (9x) 1856 - 1857 Henry Bacheler Walker (3x) 1857 - 1858 John Russell (7x) 1858 - 1859 Thomas Cobb (5x) 1859 - 1860 Henry Bacheler Walker (4x) 1860 - 1861 Thomas Cobb (6x) (S) 1861 - 1862 John Russell (8x) 1862 - 1863 Henry Bacheler Walker (5x) 1863 - 1864 Thomas Cobb (7x) 1864 - 1865 Henry Bacheler Walker (6x) 1865 - 1866 Thomas Cobb (8x) 1866 - 1867 Henry Bacheler Walker (7x) 1867 - 1868 William Dering Walker (S) s.a. 1868 - 1869 Thomas Cobb (9x) 1869 - 1870 Henry Bacheler Walker (8x) 1870 - 1871 William Dering Walker (2x) 1871 - 1872 Henry Cobb 1872 - 1873 Thomas Cobb (10x) 1873 - 1874 Henry Bacheler Walker (9x) 1874 - 1875 William Dering Walker (3x) (S) 1875 - 1876 Henry Cobb (2x) 1876 - 1877 Thomas Cobb (11x) 1877 - 1878 Henry Bacheler Walker (10x) 1878 - 1879 Henry Cobb (3x) 1879 - 1880 Henry Bacheler Walker (11x) 1880 - 1881 Henry Cobb (4x) 1881 - 1882 John Humphrey (S) s.a. 1882 - 1883 Henry Bacheler Walker (12x) 1883 - 1884 Henry Cobb (5x) 1884 - 1885 John Humphrey (2x) 1885 - 1887 Richard Rothwell Daglish s.a. 1887 - 1888 Frederick Baker 1888 - 1889 Richard Rothwell Daglish (2x) (S) s.a. 1889 - 1892 John Humphrey (3x) 1892 - 1894 Hnery Cobb (6x) 1894 - 1896 Ricahrd Rothwell Daglish (3x) (S) 1896 - 1898 Leonard Fawell 1898 - 1900 Henry Tubbs 1900 - 1903 Richard Stafford Charles (S 1902 - 1903) s.a. 1903 - 1905 Henry Constantine Wilson 1905 - 1908 Richard Rothwell Daglish (4x) 1908 - 1915 Frederick Maude (S 1909 - 1910) s.a. 1915 Henry Byrne 1915 Henry Trollope 1916 - 1920 Alfred Smith (S 1916 - 1917) s.a. 1920 - 1926 Arthur Fairfax Luxmoore (S 1923 - 1924) s.a. 1926 - 1938 Max Teichman Derville (S 1930 - 1931, S 1937 - 1938) s.a. 1938 - 1939 George Buckton Anderson 1939 - 1940 William Elam Ellis 1940 - 1945 Charley Cavey (S 1944 - 1945) s.a. Mayors of Hythe 1847 - 1848 Phillips Moneypenny (S) s.a. 1848 - 1849 James Watts Jnr. (2x) 1849 - 1850 George Finnis (2x) 1... - 1850 1850 - 1852 James Watts Jnr. (3x) 1852 - 1855 Philip Sandilands (S 1854 - 1855) s.a. 1855 - 1856 Phillips Moneypenny (2x) 1856 - 1858 Thomas Denne 1858 - 1861 James Watts Jnr. (4x) 1861 - 1866 Phillips Moneypenny (3x) (S 1861 - 1862) 1866 - 1867 Thomas Denne 1867 - 1869 Jamas Watts Jnr. (5x) (S 1868 - 1869) s.a. 1869 - 1872 John Taylor 1872 - 1881 Henry Bean Mackeson (S 1875 - 1876) s.a. 1881 - 1883 George Cobay (S 1882 -1883) s.a. 1883 - 1885 John Valler Bean 1885 Thomas Judge 1... - 1885 1885 - 1886 John Valler Bean (2x) 1886 - 1887 Frederick William Porter 1887 - 1888 Henry Thomas Cobay 1888 - 1889 Benjamin Horton s.a. 1889 - 1890 Daniel John West (S) s.a. 1890 - 1892 Benjamin Horton (2x) 1890 - 1895 John Scott 1895 - 1896 Richard Price s.a. 1896 - 1897 Benjamin Horton (3x) (S) 1897 - 1898 Henry Thomas Cobay (2x) 1898 - 1899 Albert Day 1899 - 1902 Henry Strahan 1902 - 1904 John James Jeal (S 1903 - 1904) s.a. 1904 - 1905 Thomas Amos 1905 - 1906 James Underdown 1906 - 1908 John Scott (2x) 1908 - 1909 John Bennett Tunbridge 1909 - 1911 Frederick William Butler (S 1910 - 1911) s.a. 1911 - 1912 Robert Cobay 1912 - 1913 Richard Price (2x) 1916 - 1914 James George White 1914 - 1919 William Richard Cobay (S 1917 - 1918) s.a. 1919 - 1922 Charles Dynely Twopenny 1922 - 1924 Edward Osborne 1924 - 1926 Richard Price (3x) (S 1924 - 1925) 1926 - 1927 Maj. Frederick William Butler (2x) 1927 - 1929 BrigGen. G. G. Cunningham 1929 - 1930 James George White (2x) 1930 - 1931 Maj. Frederick William Butler (3x) 1931 - 1933 Capt. George Few (S 1931 - 1932) s.a. 1933 - 1934 Thomas Arthur Taylor 1934 - 1935 Edward Cashmore Smith 1935 - 1936 Cecil George Molyneux 1936 - 1937 Maj. Frederick William Butler (4x) 1937 - 1938 Henry Sharp 1938 - 1939 Sir Arthur Jelf (S 1938 - 1939) s.a. 1939 - 1945 Capt. George Few (2x) Mayors of Dover 1846 - 1848 William Cocke (3x) 1848 - 1849 Anthony Freeman Payn (S 1848 - 1849) s.a. 1849 - 1851 Steriker Finnis 1851 - 1852 Thomas Birch 1852 - 1853 Charles Lamb 1853 - 1854 James Poulter 1854 - 1855 William Henry Payn 1855 - 1856 James Worsfold (S 1855 - 1856) s.a. 1856 - 1857 Thomas Birch (2x) 1... - 1857 1857 - 1859 Edward Ferrant Astley 1859 - 1860 James Cuthbert Ottaway 1860 - 1862 John Birmingham 1862 - 1863 James Worsfold (2x) (S 1862 - 1863) 1863 - 1864 Jeffrey Noble 1... - 1864 1864 - 1867 William Rigden Mummery 1867 - 1868 Joseph George Churchward 1868 - 1870 John Birmingham (2x) (S 1869 -1870) s.a. 1870 - 1871 Edward Knocker 1804 - 1884 1871 - 1872 Richard Dickeson 1823 - 1900 1872 - 1873 Edward Rutley Mowll 1873 - 1875 Frederick Samuel Peirce 1875 - 1876 Percy Simpson Court 1832 - 1876 - 1877 George Fielding (S 1876 - 1877) s.a. 1877 - 1878 Percy Simpson Court (2x) 1878 - 1879 Alexander Bottle 1879 - 1881 Richard Dickeson (2x) 1881 - 1882 John Lade Bradley 1832 - 1882 - 1883 Sir Richard Dickeson (3x) 1883 - 1884 Rowland Rees (S) s.a. 1884 - 1885 Thomas Viney Brown 1885 - 1886 William John Adcock s.a. 1886 - 1889 Sir (1887) William Henry Crundall s.a. 1889 - 1890 Edward Lukey 1848 - 1908 1890 - 1891 William John Adock (2x) (S) 1891 - 1895 Sir William Henry Crundall (2x) s.a. 1895 - 1896 Matthew Pepper 1896 - 1897 Henry Minter Baker 1897 - 1900 Sir William Henry Crundall (3x) (S 1897 - 1898) 1900 - 1901 William James Barnes 1901 - 1902 Henry Martyn Mowll, Baron of the Cinque Ports 1860 - 1816 1902 - 1903 Frederick George Wright 1903 Arthur Thomas Walmisley 1903 - 1905 Sir William Henry Crundall (4x) (S 1904 - 1905) 1905 - 1906 William Wood Burkett 1906 - 1907 George Francis Raggett 1907 - 1910 Walter Emden 1910 - 1911 Sir William Henry Crundall (5x) 1911 - 1913 William Bromley (S 1911 - 1912) s.a. 1913 - 1919 Edwin Wood Thorp Farley (S 1918 - 1919) s.a. 1919 - 1920 Charles Edwin Beaufoy 1920 - 1921 Charles J. Sellens 1921 - 1922 Richard J. Barwick 1922 - 1923 William G. Lewis 1923 - 1924 Richard J. Barwick (2x) 1924 - 1925 Sidney J. Livings 1925 - 1926 William H. East (S 1925 - 1926) s.a. 1926 Capt. Thomas Bodley Scott (S 1926) s.a. 1926 - 1928 Richard J. Barwick (3x) 1928 - 1930 Hilton E. Russell 1930 - 1932 Frederick R. Powell 1932 - 1934 Frederick H. Morecroft (S 1932 - 1933) s.a. 1934 - 1937 George M. Norman 1937 - 1945 James Robinson Cairns (S 1939 - 1940) s.a. Mayors of Sandwich 1847 - 1848 William Mockett 1848 - 1850 Henry Keen (2x) (S 1849 - 1850) s.a. 1850 - 1851 Capt. Thomas Dilnot Stewart (3x) 1851 - 1854 James Wood 1854 - 1855 Samuel Higham 1855 - 1856 Capt. Thomas Dilnot Stewart (4x) 1856 - 1857 Richard Marsh (S) s.a. 1857 - 1858 Robert Ralph 1858 - 1859 William Castle 1859 - 1860 Robert Ralph (2x) 1860 - 1861 George H. Hill 1961 - 1862 John C. Drayson 1862 - 1863 Ricahrd Marsh (2x) 1863 - 1866 James Dorman (S 1863 - 1864) s.a. 1866 - 1868 William Denne 1868 - 1869 Thomas Dorman 1869 - 1870 Richard Harrisson Jnr. 1870 Robert Lough Harrisson 1870 - 1873 Richard J. Emmerson (S 1870 - 1871) s.a. 1873 - 1876 George Coleman 1876 - 1877 Thomas Dorman (2x) 1877 - 1879 Frank Baker (S 1877 - 1878) s.a. 1879 - 1881 John Hillier 1881 - 1882 William Bradley 1... - 1882 1882 - 1883 Thomas Dorman (3x) 1883 - 1885 William James Hughes (S 1884 - 1885) s.a. 1885 - 1888 Hnery Stephen Watts 1888 - 1889 James Alfred Jacobs 1889 - 1892 William James Hughes (2x) (S 1891 - 1892) 1892 - 1893 Henry Stephen Watts (2x) 1893 - 1895 William Mate 1895 - 1897 Francis W. Lass 1897 - 1901 William James Hughes (3x) (S 1898 - 1899) 1901 - 1902 James Alfred Jacobs (2x) 1902 - 1903 Hnery Stephen Watts (3x) 1903 - 1904 John Bennett Joyce s.a. 1904 - 1905 James Alfred Jacobs (3x) 1905 - 1908 John Bennett Joyce (2x) (S 1905 - 1906) 1908 - 1910 Henry Stephen Watts (4x) 1910 - 1911 Charles Watson 1911 - 1912 Donald Scott 1912 - 1919 William James Hughes (4x) (S 1912 - 1913) 1919 - 1922 George Christopher Solley (S 1919 - 1920) s.a. 1922 - 1925 Henry Wyborn s.a. 1924 - 1926 Herbert Hicks 1926 - 1928 Henry Wyborn (2x) (S 1926 - 1927) 1928 - 1930 Mary Baxter Andrews-Uthwait° 1930 - 1932 William Richard Rose 1932 - 1933 Gilbert Thomas Martin 1933 - 1935 John James Caspell (S 1933 - 1934) s.a. 1935 - 1945 LtCol. William P. V. Prescott-Westcar (S 1940 - 1941) s.a. Mayors of Rye 1846 - 1848 Charles Hicks (4x) 1848 - 1850 Jeremiah Smith (4x) 1850 - 1851 John Vidler (3x) 1789 - 1854 1851 - 1852 Edward Henry Sladen Banks 1852 - 1853 James Foulis Plomley (S 1852 - 1853) s.a. 1853 Jeremiah Smith (5x) 1854 - 1855 Stanes Brocket Brocket (2x) 1855 - 1856 George Henry Edwards s.a. 1856 - 1857 William Daniel Head 1857 - 1859 William McDiarmid 1859 - 1860 George Henry Edwards (2x) (S) 1860 - 1862 William Holt Chatterton 1862 - 1863 Alexander Bishop Vidler 1829 - 1873 1863 - 1864 George Henry Edwards (3x) 1864 - 1866 Peter Broad 1866 - 1868 Joseph Judge (S 1866 - 1867) s.a. 1868 - 1869 Robert Alce 1869 - 1871 Joseph Judge (2x) 1871 - 1879 Charles Pix Meryon (S 1873 - 1874) s.a. 1879 Charles Selmes 1880 - 1881 Henry Burra (S) s.a. 1881 - 1882 James Coleman Vidler 1825 - 1898 1882 - 1883 Francis Bellingham s.a. 1883 - 1885 John Symonds Vidler 1851 - 1912 1885 - 1886 Francis Bellingham (2x) 1886 - 1887 James Coleman Vidler (2x) 1887 - 1888 Kingsnorth Reeve (S) s.a. 1888 - 1889 Herbert Verall Chapman 1889 - 1890 John Amos Woodhams 1890 - 1891 Francis Bellingham (3x) 1891 - 1892 William Allen Water 1892 - 1893 John Symonds Vidler (2x) 1893 - 1894 John Neve Masters 1846 - 1928 1894 - 1895 Francis Bellingham (4x) (S) 1895 - 1896 Cuthbert Hayles 1869 - 1898 Walter Fuller 1898 Isaac Longley 1898 Cuthbert Hayles (2x) 1899 - 1902 Frank Jarrett (S 1901 - 1902) s.a. 1902 - 1903 Ernest William Skinner 1903 - 1905 Henry John Gasson 1905 - 1906 Ernest William Skinner (2x) 1906 - 1908 Kingsnorth Reeve (2x) 1908 - 1912 Joseph Adams (S 1908 - 1909) s.a. 1912 - 1914 William Edwin Colebrooke 1914 - 1916 George Frederick Burnham (S 1914 - 1915) s.a. 1916 - 1918 George Ellis 1918 - 1922 Jesse Louis Deacon 1922 - 1924 Albert Truelove (S) s.a. 1924 - 1925 John Harvey 1925 - 1926 George Frederick Burnham (2x) 1926 - 1927 George Ellis (2x) 1927 - 1929 Leopold Amon Vidler 1870 - 1955 1929 - 1934 Joseph Molyneux Jenkins (S 1929 - 1930) s.a. 1934 - 1937 Edward Frederic Benson (S 1936 - 1937) s.a. 1937 - 1940 George Marsden 1940 - 1942 Joseph Cooper 1942 - 1945 Edward Gurth Wace (S 1943 - 1944) s.a. Mayors of Winchelsea 1844 - 1850 Joseph Hennah (2x) 1850 - 1852 William Sergeant (S 1851 - 1852) s.a. 1852 - 1853 Robert Coker Nash Davies 1853 - 1856 William Longley 1856 - 1858 Charles Robins s.a. 1858 - 1860 Robert Curteis Stileman (S) s.a. 1860 - 1861 Robert Vaile Skinner s.a. 1861 - 1862 Charles Robins (2x) 1862 - 1865 Robert Curteis Stileman (2x) 1865 - 1866 Charles Robins (3x) (S) 1866 - 1868 Samuel Griffiths 1868 - 1870 Robert Vaile Skinner (2x) 1870 - 1871 Robert Curteis Stileman (3x) 1871 - 1872 Rowland Thomas George Legg 1872 - 1873 Robert Vaile Skinner (3x)(S) 1873 - 1875 Robert Curteis Stileman (4x) 1875 - 1876 Robert Vaile Skinner (4x) 1876 - 1878 Robert Curteis Stileman (5x) 1878 - 1879 Robert Vaile Skinner (4x) 1879 - 1881 Robert Curteis Stileman (6x) (S 1879 - 1880) 1881 - 1882 Robert Vaile Skinner (5x) 1882 - 1883 Frederic Andrew Inderwick 1836 - 1904 1883 - 1885 Robert Curteis Stileman (7x) 1885 - 1886 Frederic Andrew Inderwick (2x) 1886 - 1887 Robert Vaile Skinner (6x) (S) 1887 - 1888 Robert Curteis Stileman (8x) 1888 - 1889 Robert Vaile Skinner (7x) 1889 - 1890 James Dearle Padgett 1855 - 1926 1890 - 1891 Ernest William Skinner 1891 - 1893 Frederic Andrew Inderwick (3x) 1893 - 1894 William Martindale (S) 1894 - 1895 Robert Curteis Stileman (9x) 1895 - 1896 George Mallows Freeman s.a. 1896 - 1897 Frederic Andrew Inderwick (4x) 1897 - 1898 George Mallows Freeman (2x) 1898 - 1899 Ernest William Skinner (2x) 1899 - 1900 Robert Curteis Stileman (10x) 1900 - 1901 John Rutherford Skinner (S) s.a. 1901 - 1902 Robert Curteis Stileman (11x) 1902 - 1903 Frederic Andre Inderwick (5x) 1903 - 1904 Robert Curteis Stileman (12x) 1904 - 1906 George Mallows Freeman (3x) 1906 - 1907 Walter Inderwick 1907 - 1908 George Mallows Freeman (4x) (S) 1908 - 1909 John Rutherford Skinner (2x) 1909 - 1910 Charles Walter Campion 1910 - 1911 John Cousmaker Anderson 1911 - 1912 George Mallows Freeman (5x) 1912 - 1913 John Rutherford Skinner (3x) 1913 - 1914 Col. William Barrington Browne 1914 - 1920 George Mallows Freeman (6x) (S 1914 - 1915) 1920 - 1921 Alfred Osman 1921 - 1923 James McGowan (S) s.a. 1923 - 1924 W. H. Martindale 1924 - 1925 Charles Ritchie, Baron Ritchie of Dundee 1866 - 1948 1925 - 1926 Basil Holmes 1926 - 1928 Maj. J. A. Burke 1928 - 1929 George Mallows Freeman (7x) (S) 1929 - 1931 Anthony Mallows Freeman 1931 - 1932 Charles Ritchie, Baron Ritchie of Dundee (2x) 1932 - 1933 A. Vernon Owen 1933 - 1934 Maj. J. A. Burke (2x) 1934 - 1935 John Kenneth Ritchie 1902 - 1975 1935 - 1936 James McGowan (2x) (S) 1936 - 1939 Maj. J. A. Burke (3x) 1939 - 1940 B. M. McGowan 1940 - 1941 Maj. J. P. Wildeblood 1941 - 1943 LtCol. ... Goldschmidt (S) s.a. 1943 - 1944 MaJ J. A. Burke (3x) 1944 - 1947 Anthony Mallows Freeman (2x) __________________________________________________________________________________DUCHY OF CORNWALL
The Duchy of Cornwall was created in 1337 out of royal estates and possessions in South Western England (3) by King Edward III (1312 - 1377 ; r. 1327 - 1377) to give financial support to his son Edward, the Black Prince (1330 - 1376). It lapsed in 1376 but was revived in 1399 and since 1503 it belonged to the eldest surviving son of the reigning monarch, who derived - and still derives - his income from the Duchy. (3) The territories of the Duchy of Cornwall were only partly located in the county of the same name. They actually included lands, manors and other possessions or rights in 22 southern counties, the most important being not even located in Cornwall, but in Devonshire. (Other possessions included part of Kennington in London - with its famous Oval cricket-ground - and the Scilly Islands) The most important of the possessions were the so-called Stannaries, the tin mining districts of the Duchy in Cornwall and in Devonshire which until their decline in the late 19th century provided the main source of income. As a consequence the tin miners (or Stannators) enjoyed - at least since ca 1280 - fargoing privileges under the supervision of the Lord Wardens of the Stannaries : separate Stannary parliaments were held until 1752 and a separate Stannary Court existed until 1897. Dukes of Cornwall 1841 - 1901 Prince Albert Edward, son of Queen Victoria (=King Edward VII) 1841 - 1910 1901 - 1910 Prince George Frederick Ernest Albert, son (=King George V) s.a. 1910 - 1936 Prince Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David, son (=King Edward VIII) 1894 - 1972 1936 - 1952 none Lord Wardens of the Stannaries of Cornwall and Devon 1842 - 1861 Prince (Prince Consort 1857) Albert (Franz Carl August Albrecht) of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, father of Duke Albert Edward (s.a) 1819 - 1861 1862 - 1864 Henry Pelham Fiennes Pelham Clinton, Duke of Newcastle 1811 — 1864 1865 - 1888 Edward Berkeley, Baron Portman 1799 - 1888 1888 - 1908 Henry John Reynolds Moreton, Earl of Ducie 1827 - 1921 1908 - 1921 Alexander Hugh Bruce Balfour, Baron Balfour of Burleigh 1849 - 1921 1921 - 1933 Charles John Robert Hepburn-Stuart- Forbes-Trefusis, Baron Clinton 1863 - 1957 1933 - 1965 William Pleydell-Bouverie, Earl of Radnor 1895 - 1968 __________________________________________________________________________________DUCHY AND COUNTY PALATINE OF LANCASTER
Lancaster was the only of the three medieval Counties Palatine that survived until the present-day. (4) A County of Lancaster was created in 1267 out of estates confiscated by the crown from local lords in North Western England after the so called "Baron's War". In 1351 it was made a Duchy and a County Palatine, which in 1399 was united as a separate holding to the English Crown. The revenues of the Duchy's estates have since then been a major source of private income to the English/British monarchs. (5) (4) Counties Palatine were erected in the 11th century to defend the northern (Scottish) and western (Welsh) frontiers of the Kingdom of England. In order to allow them to do so in the best way they could, their counts were granted royal (or palatine, "from the palace") powers within their territories, making these territories nearly sovereign jurisdictions with their own administrations and courts. The two other Counties Palatine were Chester and Durham : - The County Palatine of Chester (or Cheshire) was established in 1071 to defend the Welsh frontiers. It was annexed to the Crown in 1246, but kept some of its privileges until 1830. The now purely honorific title of Count Palatine of Chester was held by the Princes of Wales since 1399. - For Durham see here (5) The Duchy encompased estates located in the counties of Cheshire, Lancashire, Lincolnshire, Northamptonshire, Staffordshire, Shropshire and Yorkshire. The holdings were made up of tenanted farms and woodlands. Dukes of Lancaster (the style of Duke of Lancaster was/is no part of the English/British royal style. It was/is only used in the Duchy/County Palatine itself) 1399 - .... The Queens and Kings of England/Great Britain Chancellors of the Duchy of Lancaster (The Chancellors lost their administrative and judicial powers between 1873 and 1971, gradually becoming a kind of Chairman of a Board of Trustees, administering the estates and their finances. In the period 1848 - 1945 all were member of the British Government. Those listed (C) were also members of the Cabinet) 1846 - 1850 John Campbell, Baron Campbell (C) 1779 - 1861 1850 - 1852 George William Frederick Howard, Earl of Carlisle (C) 1802 - 1864 1852 Rpbert Adam Christopher 1804 - 1877 1853 - 1854 Edward Strutt 1801 - 1880 1854 - 1855 Georges Granville Leveson-Cower, Earl Granville (C) s.a. 1855 none 1855 Dudley Ryder, Earl of Harrowby (C) 1798 - 1882 1855 - 1858 Matthew Talbot Baines (C) 1798 - 1860 1868 - 1859 James Graham, Duke of Montrose 1799 - 1874 1859 - 1861 Sir George Grey (2x) (C) 1799 - 1882 1861 - 1864 Edward Cardwell (C) 1813 - 1886 1864 - 1865 George William Frederick Villiers, Earl of Clarendon (C) 1800 - 1870 1865 - 1866 none 1866 George Joachim Goschen (C) 1831 - 1907 1866 - 1867 William Rginald Courtenay, Earl of Devon 1807 - 1888 1867 - 1868 John Wilson-Patten 1802 - 1892 1868 Thomas Edward Taylor 1811 - 1883 1868 - 1872 Frederick Temple Hamilton-Temple- Blackwood, Baron Clandeboye, Earl of Dufferin (1871) s.a. 1872 - 1873 Hugh Culling Eardley Childers (C) 1827 - 1896 1873 - 1874 John Bright (C) 1811 - 1889 1874 - 1880 Thomas Edward Taylor (2x) 1880 - 1882 John Bright (2x) (C) 1882 John Wodehouse, Earl of Kimberley (C) 1826 - 1902 1882 - 1884 John George Dodson (C) 1825 - 1897 1884 - 1885 Sir George Otto Trevelyan (C) 1838 - 1928 1885 - 1886 Henry Chaplin 1840 - 1923 1886 Edward Heneage 1840 - 1922 1886 Sir Ughtred James Kay—Shuttleworth 1844 - 1939 1886 Gathorne Gathorne-Hardy, Viscount Cranbrook (C) 1814 - 1906 1886 - 1892 John James Manners, Duke of Rutland (1888) (C) 1818 - 1906 1892 - 1894 James Bryce (C) 1838 - 1922 1894 - 1895 Charles Marjoribanks, Baron Tweedmouth (C) 1849 - 1909 1895 Richard Asheton Cross, Viscount Cross 1823 - 1914 1895 - 1902 Henry James, Baron James of Hereford (C) 1828 - 1911 1902 - 1905 Sir William Hood Walrond 1849 - 1925 1905 - 1908 Sir Henry Hartley Fowler(C) 1830 - 1911 1908 - 1909 Edmond George Petty-Fitzmaurice, Baron Fitzmaurice (C) 1846 - 1925 1909 - 1910 Sir Herbert Louis Samuel (C) 1870 - 1963 1910 - 1911 John Albert Pease (C) 1860 - 1943 1911 - 1914 Sir Charles Edward Henry Hobhouse (C) 1862 - 1941 1914 - 1915 Charles Frederick Gurney Masterman (C) 1874 - 1927 1915 Edwin Samuel Montagu (C) 1879 - 1924 1915 Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill (C) s.a. 1915 - 1916 Sir Herbert Louis Samuel (2x) (C) 1916 Edwin Samuel Montagu (2x) (C) 1916 Thomas McKinnon-Wood (C) 1855 - 1927 1916 Sir Frederick Cawley (C) 1850 - 1937 1916 - 1918 William Maxwell Aitken, Baron Beaverbrook (1917) (C) 1879 - 1964 1918 - 1919 William Hayes-Fisher, Baron Downham (C) 1853 - 1920 1919 - 1921 David Alexander Edward Lindsay, Earl of Crawford and Earl of Balcares 1871 - 1940 1921 - 1922 William Robert Wellesley Peel, Viscount Peel 1867 - 1927 1922 Sir William Sutherland 1880 - 1949 1922 - 1923 James Edward Hubert Cecil, Marquess of Salisbury (C) 1861 - 1947 1923 - 1924 John Colin Campbell Davidson 1889 - 1970 1924 Josiah Clement Wedgwood (C) 1872 - 1943 1924 - 1927 Robert Cecil, Viscount Cecil of Cecilwood (C) 1864 - 1958 1927 - 1929 Ronald John McNeill, Baron Cushendun (C) 1861 - 1934 1929 - 1930 Sir Oswald Mosley 1896 - 1980 1930 - 1931 Clement Richard Attlee 1883 - 1967 1931 Arthur Augustus William Harry Ponsonby, Baron Ponsonby of Shultbrede 1871 - 1946 1931 Philip Henry Kerr, Marquess of Lothian 1892 - 1940 1931 - 1937 Sir (1935) John Colin Campbell Davidson (2x) 1937 - 1939 Edward Turnour, Earl Winterton (C since mar 38) 1883 - 1962 1939 - 1940 William Shepherd Morrison (C) 1893 - 1961 1940 George Clement Tryon 1871 - 1940 1940 - 1941 Maurice Pascal Alers Hankey, Baron Hankey 1877 - 1963 1941 - 1943 Alfred Duff Cooper 1889 - 1954 1943 - 1945 Ernest Brown 1881 - 1962 __________________________________________________________________________________THE ISLAND OF LUNDY
In the early 12th century the tiny island of Lundy (in the Bristol Channel between England and Wales) was granted as a fief of the English Crown to Lords of the de Moirreis (de Marreis, de Marisco) family, of Norman origin. They kept it (with interruptions) until the early 14th century and then it passed - often in a very rapid succession - to other owners, which either were : - feudal landlords, including members of the Butler, St Leger, Grenville and other noble families, - pirates, like Capt. Thomas Salkeld, who seized the island in 1610 and proclaimed himself King of Lundy, - private persons, like Thomas Benson (1708 - 1772, owner from 1748 to 1753), the Heavens (owners 1834 - 1917, s.b.) and the Harmans (owners 1925 - 1969, s.b.) Although the island formally never had a separate status or never enjoyed some kind of autonomy, many owners acted as if they ruled a sovereign state and considered themselves as "Lords or Kings of Lundy" (6) Owners of the Island of Lundy 1834 - 1883 William Hudson Heaven (after whom the island became known as the "Kingdom of Heaven") 1799 - 1883 1883 - 1916 Hudson Grosett Heaven, son 1916 - 1917 Walter Hudson Heaven, nephew 1917 - 1925 Augustus Langham Christie 1857 - 1930 1925 - 1954 Martin Coles Harman 1... - 1954 Residing Agent (sometimes styled "Viceroy", acted also as postmaster, innkeeper, grocer, bartender, etc, etc) 1925 - 19.. Felix W. Gade 1890 - (6) These pretentions were partly based on somewhat doubtfull arguments : - the fact that, although the island was formally part of the County of Devon, the English government didn't care about it and never did a thing to enforce English law on the island, - the fact that the island was outside the English territorial waters, - the fact that the islanders had to pay custom taxes when entering England. The idea of Lundy as a separate self-governing part of the British Empire was at its highest in the 1920's and 1930's, during the "rule" of Martin Coles Harman, who used his own flag, issued his own stamps and even very briefly (1929 - 1931) his own coins. He also promulgated some island laws, which the author John Sack (Report from practically nowhere, New York, 1959) summarized as follows : Art I : Nobody can come to the island if Mr. Harman doesn't want him to, Art II : Anybody with a gun must give it to Mr. Gade before it gets dark, Art III : Nobody can shoot any birds, especially puffins, Art IV : Everybody's dog must be of the same sex, and visitors can't have any dogs at all. Art V : Anything else, ask Mr. Harman. __________________________________________________________________________________THE SCILLY ISLANDS
The Scilly Islands (7) became part of the Kingdom of England in 938. They were granted to the Abbey of Tavistock from 1114 to 1539, then being returned to the Crown and becoming part of the Duchy of Cornwall. The islands were leased by the Duchy to the Godolphin family (1571 to 1830) and afterwards to a Mr. Augustus John Smith (1804 - 1872). (8) After his death, his heirs, the Dorrien-Smith, continued as tenants of all islands until 1920, when their lease was restricted to Tresco, Samson and Tean. Tenants of the Scilly Islands 1834 - 1872 Augustus John Smith s.a. 1872 - 1918 Capt. Thomas Algernon Dorrien-Smith, nephew 1918 - 1920 Maj. Arthur Algernon Dorrien-Smith, son 1876 - 1955 Tenant of the Islands of Tresco, Samson and Tean 1920 - 1955 Maj. Arthur Algernon Dorrien-Smith s.a. (7) Except for Tresco, the other islands and rocks (Annet, Eastern Isles, Norrad Rocks, St Helen's, Samson, Tean, Western Rocks, etc) all were uninhabited for most of the time, only being occasionally visited by fishermen, smugglers and wreckers. (8) Augustus John Smith abolished smuggling and lawlessness, introduced the first compulsory education in Britain and laid the foundations for the futurs prosperity of the Islands, most notably by creating the Tresco tropical garden. __________________________________________________________________________________ISLE OF WIGHT
The island of Wight was a separate English lordship from 1066 to 1293, when it was returned to the Crown. It then became a major English/British military and civilian naval base with its own - nearly military - administration, although formally part of the neighbouring county of Southampton/Hampshire. In the middle of the 19th century, as its own naval defence system became part of a wider Portsmouth defence system and as communications with England became more regular its administration also became more integrated into that of the county of Southampton/Hampshire. This evolution met with some resistance among the independent-minded islanders and as a result the island was given a separate county council in 1889. Governors (purely honorific title since the middle of the 19th century) 1841 - 1857 William à Court, Baron Heytesbury 1779 - 1860 1857 - 1888 Charles Shaw-Lefevre, Viscount Eversley 1794 - 1888 1889 - 1896 Prince Henry "Harry" Maurice of Battenberg 1858 - 1896 1896 - 1944 Princess Beatrice Mary Victoria Feodore°, (daughter of Queen Victoria), widow 1857 - 1944 1944 - 1957 none Lord Lieutenants of Southampton/Hampshire and of the Isle of Wight 1820 - 1852 Fieldmarsh. Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington s.a. 1852 - 1887 John Paulet, Marquess of Winchester 1801 - 1887 1887 - 1890 Henry Howard Molyneux Herbert, Earl of Carnarvon 1831 - 1890 1890 - 1904 Thomas George Baring, Earl of Northbrook 1826 - 1904 1905 - 1918 Henry William Montagu Paulet, Marquess of Winchester 1862 - 1962 1918 - 1947 MajGen. John Edward Bernard Seely, Baron of Mottistone (1933) 1868 - 1947 Chairmen of the Isle of Wight County Council 1890 Sir John Stephen Barrington Simeon, Chairman of the Provisional Council 1850 - 1909 1890 - 1898 Somerset John Gough Galthorpe 1898 - 1949 Sir Godfrey Baring 1871 - 1957
CHURCH OF ENGLAND
Roman Catholicism was introduced - or rather reintroduced, as Christian communities had already existed in Roman times - in England in the 6th century. The hierarchy which was established in the course of the following years was subject to the Pope until 1534 when King Henry VIII (1491 - 1547 ; r. 1509 - 1547) proclaimed himself head of the Church (Supreme Head and only Protector of the Church and Clergy of England). Afterwards there was a brief return to Papal authority but in 1563 - by the publication of the so-called 39 articles by Queen Elisabeth I (1533 - 1603 ; r. 1558 - 1603) - the rupture with Rome became complete. (1) (1) The dogma of the Church now became largely Protestant, but both the hierarchy and the rites remained largely Roman Catholic. Supreme Governors of the Church of England 1563 - .... The Queens and Kings of England/Great Britain (Listed below are the heads of the two Church provinces and of some major suffragan dioceses) __________________________________________________________________________________CANTERBURY
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Canterbury was erected in 597. It became the leading see of the Church of England in 1559. Its Archbishops were ex officio members of the British House of Lords. They also were the first among all Primates of the Anglican Communion. Lord Archbishops of Canterbury and Primates of All England 1828 - 1848 William Howley 1765 - 1848 1848 - 1862 John Bird Sumner 1780 - 1862 1862 - 1868 Charles Thomas Longley 1794 - 1868 1868 - 1882 Archibald Campbell Tait 1811 - 1882 1883 - 1896 Edward White Benson 1829 - 1896 1896 - 1902 Frederick Temple 1821 - 1902 1903 - 1928 Randall Thomas Davidson 1848 - 1930 1928 - 1942 William Cosmo Gordon Lang 1864 - 1945 1942 - 1944 William Temple 1881 - 1944 1945 - 1961 Geoffrey Francis Fisher 1887 - 1972 LONDON The Roman Catholic Diocese of London was erected in 604. It became an Anglican diocese in 1569, after the death of the last catholic bishop. Its bishops were ex-officio member of the British House of Lords. They also were in charge of all Church of England communities in Central, Northern and Western Europe. Lord Bishops of London 1828 - 1856 Charles James Blomfield 1786 - 1857 1856 - 1868 Archibald Campbell Tait s.a. 1869 - 1885 John Jackson 1811 - 1885 1885 - 1896 Frederick Temple s.a. 1896 - 1901 Mandell Creighton 1843 - 1901 1901 - 1939 Arthur Foley Winnington-Ingram 1858 - 1946 1939 - 1945 Geoffrey Francis Fisher s.a. 1945 - 1956 John William Charles Wand 1885 - WINCHESTER The Roman Catholic Diocese of Winchester was erected in 635. It became an Anglican diocese in 1560 after the death of the last catholic bishop. Its Bishops were ex-officio member of the British House of Lords. The Diocese of Winchester also covered the Channel Islands. Lord Bishops of Winchester 1827 - 1869 Charles Richard Sumner 1790 - 1874 1869 - 1873 Samuel Wilberforce 1805 - 1873 1873 - 1891 Edward Harold Browne 1811 - 1891 1891 - 1895 Anthony Wilson Thorold 1825 - 1895 1895 - 1903 Randall Thomas Davidson s.a. 1903 - 1911 Herbert Edward Ryle 1856 - 1925 1911 - 1923 Edward Stuart Talbot 1844 - 1934 1923 - 1932 Frank Theodore Woos 1932 - 1942 Cyril Forster Garbett 1875 - 1955 1942 - 1952 Mervyn George Haigh 1887 - 1962 __________________________________________________________________________________YORK
The Roman Catholic Diocese of York was erected in 625. It later became an Archdiocese. It became the second ranked Anglican see in 1579. Its Archbishops were ex-officio member of the British House of Lords. Lord Archbishops of York and Primates of England 1847 - 1860 Thomas Musgrave 1788 - 1860 1860 - 1862 Charles Thomas Longley s.a. 1862 - 1890 William Thomson 1819 - 1890 1890 - 1891 vacant 1891 William Connor Magee 1821 - 1891 1891 - 1908 William Dalrymple MacLagan 1891 - 1908 1908 - 1928 William Cosmo Gordon Lang s.a. 1929 - 1942 William Temple s.a. 1942 - 1955 Cyril Forster Garbett s.a. DURHAM The Roman Catholic Diocese of Durham was erected in 995. It became an Anglican diocese in 1559, after the death of the last catholic bishop. In 1071 the Bishops were granted palatine powers and Durham became one of the three English Counties Palatine. This situation of semi-independence (2) lasted until 1836 when the territory was fully integrated into England, keeping however its separate courts until 1971. (2) The only limitation to real sovereignty was that the Prince-Bishops didn't have the right of making treaties with foreign powers. They were so powerfull, that a medieval historian even styled them "Second Kings of England" After 1836 the Bishops of Durham became ex officio members of the British House of Lords. Lord Bishops of Durham 1836 - 1856 Edward Maltby 1770 - 1859 1856 - 1860 Charles Thomas Longley s.a. 1860 - 1861 Henry Montagu Villiers 1861 - 1879 Charles Thomas Baring 1807 - 1879 1879 - 1889 Joseph Barber Lightfoot 1828 - 1889 1890 - 1901 Brooke Foss Westcott 1825 - 1901 1901 - 1920 Handley Carr Glyn Moule 1841 - 1920 1920 - 1939 Herbert Hensley Henson 1863 - 1947 1939 - 1952 Alwyn Terrell Petre Williams 1888 - 1968 SODOR AND MAN See here
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