LORRAINE
See also ALSACE -LORRAINE
FRENCH LORRAINE 1848 - 1918
Lorraine was annexed to France between 1552 (the three bishoprics of Metz, Toul and Verdun) and 1766 (the Duchy of Lorraine). At the end of the Ancien Regime in 1789 the concerned region was divided into three royal governments (Lorraine, Metz and the Toulois) and two generalities (Metz for Metz and the Toulois and Nancy for Lorraine), but after 1789 it was divided into 4 departments : Meuse, Meurthe, Moselle and Vosges. In 1870 Lorraine was occupied by German troops (s.b.) and a year later parts of the departments of the Meurthe and of the Moselle were formally annexed to Germany. In France itself a new department of Meurthe-et-Moselle was created in 1871 out of those parts of the former departments of Meurthe (the arrondissements of Lunéville, Nancy and Toul) and of Moselle (the arrondissement of Briey) not annexed to the German Empire. (1) (1) In 1914 - 1918 parts of the three French departments in Lorraine were occupied by the Germans. Most of the occupied territory was included in the "Etappengebieten" of the armies operating in the region, but some frontier regions with German-speaking populations were placed under the authority of the German military governor of Metz. Military Governor of Metz Militärgouverneur von Metz 1914 - 1918 InfGen. Adolf von Oven 1855 - 1937 Under his charge were : - the communes of Aboue, Homécourt, Moutiers and Valleroy of the canton of Homécourt in the arrondissement of Briey (Dep. of Meurthe-et-Moselle) - the commune of Joeuf of the canton of Briey in the arrondissement of Briey (Dep. of Meurthe-et-Moselle) __________________________________________________________________________________CHIEF ADMINISTRATORS
In 1870-1871 the rule of the French prefects was purely nominal as the Departments were actually governed by German officials, styled Prefects by the French. Those in the Moselle were subordinated to the Governor General of Strassburg, the others to the Governor General of Nancy (s.b.). Administrators of the Meurthe Department Prefect Préfet 1831 - 1848 Lucien Emile Arnault 1787 - 1863 President of the Departmental Commission Président de la Commission départementale 1848 Georges Charles Camille Laflize 1798 - 1880 Commissioners of the Government Commissaires du Gouvernement (subordinated to the Commissioner General, see Moselle) 1848 Charles Marie Yves de Ludre 1796 - 1879 1848 Jean Pierre Victor Léoutre, also for the Meuse 1814 - 1858 1848 Eugène Nicolas Lorenz 1808 - Prefects Préfets 1848 Eugène Nicolas Lorenz s.a. 1848 - 1850 Jean Adrien Brun 1800 - 1879 1850 - 1854 Alphonse Joseph Constant Bourrelle de Sivry 1799 - 1862 1854 - 1861 Albert Mathieu Fidèle Joseph Lenglé 1798 - 1867 1861 - 1865 Paul Marie Henri Gaston Verbigier de Saint-Paul 1820 - 1878 1865 Georges Nicolas Gabriel Chamblain 1820 - 1889 1865 - 1870 Cyrille Marie Louis Podevin 1811 - 1884 1870 - 1871 Nicolas Pierre Auguste Jeanson 1831 - 1871 Auguste Henri Fernand, Vicomte de Montesquiou-Fézensac 1821 - 1896 [German Prefect : 1870 - 1871 Andreas Maria Graf von Renard (1795 - 1874)] Administrators of the Moselle Department Prefect Préfet 1839 - 1848 Albert Edme Pierre Stanislas Germeau 1790 - 1867 President of the Departmental Commission Président de la Commission départementale 1848 ... Commissioner of the Government Commissaire du Gouvernement 1848 Prosper Billaudet, also Commissioner General for the Meurthe, Meuse and Vosges 1801 - 1871 Prefects Préfets 1848 Prosper Billaudet s.a. 1849 Hugues Iéna Darcy 1807 - 1880 1849 - 1850 Renard Olive Tonnet 1796 - 1876 1850 - 1852 Brandelis Green de Saint-Marsault 1807 - 1866 1852 - 1859 Auguste Pierre Georges, Comte de Malher 1800 - 1878 1859 - 1865 Louis Charles, Baron Jeanin 1812 - 1902 1865 - 1871 Paul Odent 1811 - 1885 [German Prefect : 1870 - 1871 ...] Administrators of the Meurthe and Moselle Department Prefects Préfets 1871 - 1872 Auguste Henri Fernand, Vicomte de Montesquiou-Fézensac s.a. 1872 - 1873 Albert Léon Leguay 1827 - 1891 1873 Jean Henri Antoine Doniol 1818 - 1906 1873 - 1876 Marie Charles Robert, Marquis de Chambon 1823 - 1876 - 1877 Albert Edme Gigot 1835 - 1913 1877 Achille Félix Delorme 1831 - 1888 1877 - 1879 Albert Joseph Delmas 1831 - 1914 1879 - 1882 Martial François Germain Baile 1833 - 1906 1882 - 1883 Emile Honoré Cazelles 1831 - 1908 1883 - 1885 Paul Louis Georges Bihourd 1846 - 1885 Justin Germain Casimir de Selves 1848 - 1934 1885 - 1888 Eugène Schnerb 1839 - 1897 1888 - 1898 Antoine Léon Stéhelin 1843 - 1905 1898 - 1902 Etienne Antoine Joucia "Joucia-Pelous Brunet" 1850 - 1909 1902 - 1908 Paul Marie Humbert 1851 - 1917 1908 - 1913 Adolphe Eugène Bonnet 1849 - 1945 1913 - 1914 Georges Antoine Guilllaume Reboul 1863 - 1914 - 1918 Léon Mirman 1864 - 1949 Administrators of the Meuse Department Prefect Préfet 1830 - 1848 Joseph Philippe Charles, Comte d'Arros (2x) 1779 - 1855 1848 ... Commissioner of the Government Commissaire du Gouvernement (subordinated to the Commissioner General, see Moselle) 1848 Jean Pierre Victor Léoutre, also for the Meurthe s.a. Prefects Préfets 1848 - 1849 Charles Théodore Florice Marguerite Lemaire 1798 - 1868 1849 - 1851 Sylvain Blot 1794 - 1865 1851 - 1854 Albert Mathieu Fidèle Joseph Lenglé s.a. 1854 - 1856 Félix Jean-Baptiste Chadenet 1798 - 1874 1856 - 1861 Abel Jean-Baptiste Désiré Rogniat 1803 - 1869 1861 - 1865 Eugène Charles Paul Poriquet 1816 - 1910 1865 - 1869 Joseph Félix Amédée Bélurgey de Grandville 1811 - 1876 1869 - 1870 Marie Joseph Adolphe Langlois "Aylic-Langlé" 1827 - 1870 1870 - 1871 Hyacinthe François Joseph, Baron de Metz 1824 - 1889 [German Prefect : 1870 - 1871 ... von Bethmann-Hollweg] 1871 - 1873 Alexandre Pierre François Vrimont 1822 - 1905 1873 - 1875 Anne Beuve Eugène, Marquis d'Auray de Saint Pois 1832 - 1899 1875 Maurice Dieudonné, Baron de Ravinel 1842 - 1896 1875 - 1876 Guibert Adrien Jules, Baron d'Huart 1835 - 1891 1876 Louis René Antoine Grangier de la Marinière 1814 - 1882 1876 Maximilien Benoît Félix, Baron de Reinach- Werth 1837 - 1896 1876 - 1877 Alfred François Hippolyte Nicolas Rousseau 1834 - 1906 1877 Marie Pierre Adrien Letendre de Tourvile 1938 - 1902 1877 - 1882 Louis Maurice Robert de Massy 1844 - 1928 1882 - 1884 Victor Proudhon 1843 - 1884 - 1886 Antoine Charles Marie Emile Baudran 1847 - 1886 - 1887 Henri Jules Eugène Monier 1842 - 1892 1877 - 1891 Henry Edmond Soinoury 1848 - 1922 1891 - 1896 Joseph Fernand Léon Bret 1852 - 1904 1896 - 1899 Jean François Abel Combarieu 1856 - 1944 1899 - 1904 Henri Jacques Buisson 1857 - 1904 - 1906 Marie Jean Gabriel Habert 1852 - 1906 1906 Paul Victor Modeste Magny 1854 - 1906 - 1918 Charles Eugène Antoine Marie Aubert 1863 - 1918 Louis Eugène Maurice Piette 1871 - 1853 Administrators of the Vosges Department Prefect Préfet 18.. - 1848 Nicolas Jean Marie Rougier de La Bergerie 1784 - 1857 1848 ... Commissioners of the Government Commissaires du Gouvernement (Subordinated to the Commissioner General, see Moselle) 1848 Léopold Louis Turck 1797 - 1887 1848 Arthur Félix Ballon 1816 - 1883 1848 Antoine Quillot 1811 - 1882 Prefects Préfets 1848 - 1853 Pierre Antoine Eugène Regnauld d'Epercy 1804 - 1883 1853 - 1857 Léopold Bourlon de Rouvre 1820 - 1905 1857 - 1862 Pierre Marie Antoine Charles Dubreuil Hélion de La Guéronnière 1827 - 1866 1862 - 1864 Alexis Louis Stanislas Dieudonné de Levezou de Vessins 1815 - 1876 1864 - 1869 Paul François Elie Amans Prosper, Marquis de Fleury 1811 - 1894 1869 - 1870 Léon Charles Grachet 1816 - 1891 1870 - 1871 Emile Eustache George(s) 1830 - [German Prefect : 1870 - 1871 Karl Hermann Bitter (1813 - 1884)] 1871 - 1873 Ernest Gabriel le Barbier de Blignières 1834 - 1900 1873 - 1874 Henri Darcy 1840 - 1926 1874 - 1876 Maurice Marie Achille, Comte de Foucault 1839 - 1899 1876 - 1877 Louis Oustry 1822 - 1888 1877 Gabriel Pierre Edouard Marie Ouvré de Saint-Quentin 1846 - 1926 1877 - 1887 Paul Henri Gustave Boegner 1845 - 1918 1887 - 1890 Pierre Emile Gentil 1852 - 1911 1890 - 1895 Chrysostome Eugène Fosse 1852 - 1935 1895 - 1899 Léon Guerin 1850 - 1899 1899 - 1904 Georges Emile Tallon 1860 - 1904 - 1906 Eugène Allard 1856 - 1957 1906 Jules Adrien Jean Bonhoure 1860 - 1906 - 1911 Pierre Charles Causel 1863 - 1925 1911 - 1914 Georges Antoine Maxime François 1864 - 1922 1914 - 1918 Pierre Linares 1867 - 1940 1918 Ivan Marie Eené Laporte 1873 - __________________________________________________________________________________GERMAN LOTHRINGEN 1870 - 1918
In 1870 large parts of Eastern France - including Lorraine - were occupied by German forces. They were included in a Government General of Nancy covering : - the Departments of the Meuse and of the Vosges - three arrondissments of the Meurthe Department (Lunéville, Nancy and Toul), the other two (Château-Salins and Sarrebourg) being attached to the Government General of Strassburg. - the Briey arrondissement of the Moselle Department, the other three (Metz, Saarguemines and Thionville) also being attached to Strassburg - the non-Lorraine Departments of the Haute-Marne and the Haute-Saône. After the signing of the Treaty of Frankfurt in 1871, most territories were returned to France, the others being formally annexed by Germany and becoming the District (Bezirk) of Lothringen (or Metz) within the Reichsland Elsass-Lothringen. (1) (1) the District of Lothringen encompassed : - the three arrondissements of the Moselle that had before been part of the Government General of Strassburg, Saarguemines being now named Saargemünd and Thionville becoming Diedenhofen. - the two arrondissements of the Meurthe that had before been part of Strassburg, Sarrebourg now becoming Saarburg and Château-Salins being renamed Salzburgen.. - parts of the arrondissements of Lunéville and Nancy, before part of the Government General of Nancy. - part of the arrondissement of Saint-Dié in the Vosges Department, before part of the Government General of Nancy. In aug 1914 some frontier regions of Lothringen were briefly occupied by French troops. A German counter offensive drove them out and resulted in the occupation of French Lorraine mentioned above. French Commanders Commander of the 1st Army (operating in the southern zone) 1914 DivGen. Augustin Yvon Edmond Dubail 1851 - 1934 Commander of the 2nd Army (operating in the northern zone) 1914 DivGen. Noël Marie Joseph Edouard de Curières de Castelnau 1851 - 1944 __________________________________________________________________________________ADMINISTRATORS OF THE GOVERNMENT GENERAL OF NANCY
Governor General Generalgouverneur 1870 - 1871 InfGen. Gen. Adolf Albert Ferdinand Karl Friedrich von Bonin 1803 - 1872 Civil Commissioner ZivilKommissar 1870 - 1871 Ludwig Victor Marquis von Villers, Graf von Grignoncourt __________________________________________________________________________________ADMINISTRATORS OF THE LORRAINE DISTRICT OF ELSASS-LOTHRINGEN
District Presidents of Lothringen Bezirkspräsidenten Lothringen 1873 - 1874 Adolph Graf von Arnim-Boitzenburg 1832 - 1887 1875 - 1877 Robert Viktor von Puttkamer 1828 - 1900 1877 - 1880 Friedrich Albrecht Karl Johann Freiherr von Reitzenstein 1834 - 1897 1880 - 1883 Julius Adalbert von Flottwell 1829 - 1909 1883 - 1901 Hans Christian Friedrich Wilhelm Freiherr von Hammerstein-Loxten 1843 - 1905 1901 - 1912 Johann Friedrich Alexander Fürchtegott Reichsgraf von Zeppelin-Aschhausen 1861 - 1915 1912 - 1918 Karl Freiherr von Gemmingen-Hornberg
FRENCH LORRAINE 1918 - 1945
In 1918 German Lothringen was re-annexed to France and became the Department of the Moselle, and French Lorraine encompassed once again four departments. After the French defeat of 1940 Moselle was separated from France (see below), the three other departments becoming part of the German Military Government in France. In this period the prefects and their subordinates continued in office under the authority of the Vichy regime and under the supervision of the German governors. In 1941 the Vichy regime appointed a Regional Prefect with very extended economical and administraive powers over the three departments. After the Liberation in 1944 the French Provisional Government likewise appointed a Regional Commissioner of the Republic with the same extended powers. At first only in charge of the three departments in the former German zone, he also toke charge of the restored Moselle department at its liberation in 1944. __________________________________________________________________________________CHIEF ADMINISTRATORS
Regional Prefects of Nancy Préfets régionaux de Nancy = Prefects of the Meurthe-et-Moselle Department 1941 - 1943 Edmond Jean Schmidt 1894 - 1943 - 1944 Jacques Lucien Guillemaut* 1901 - 1944 Jean-Jacques Marie André Faure 1887 - 1972 Regional Commissioner of the Republic of Nancy Commissaire régional de la République de Nancy 1944 - 1946 Paul Chailley-Bert 1890 - 1973 ADMINISTRATORS OF THE DEPARTMENTS (V) = Prefects appointed or maintained in office by the Vichy regime. Prefects of the Meurthe-et-Moselle Department Préfets du Département de la Meurthe-et-Moselle 1918 - 1920 Paul Jules Emile Second 1871 - 1920 - 1923 Edmond Duponteil 1863 - 1923 1923 - 1931 Pierre Paul André Magre 1873 - 1949 1931 - 1935 Henri Emile Roblot 1886 - 1963 1935 - 1940 Rémi Marcel Léon Bosney 1880 - 1967 1940 - 1943 Edmond Jean Schmidt (V) s.a. 1943 - 1944 Jacques Lucien Guillemaut* (V) s.a. 1944 Jean Jacques Marie André Faure (V) s.a. Delegates during their tenure of office as regional prefects 1941 - 1942 Albert René Daudonnet (V) 1897 - 1962 1942 - 1944 ... 1944 - 1946 Paul Chailley-Bert s.a. Prefeects of the Meuse Department Préfets du Département de la Meuse 1918 - 1919 louis Eugène Maurice Piette s.a. 1919 - 1920 Jean-Baptiste Emile Ogier 1862 - 1932 1920 - 1922 Pierre Emery 1870 - 1943 1922 - 1924 Georges Louis Albert Bègue 1876 - 1963 1924 - 1929 Charles Paul Magny 1884 - 1945 1929 - 1934 Raoul Georges Louis Catusse 1881 - 1975 1934 - 1939 Ange François Antoine Joseph Natalelli 1886 - 1939 1939 - 1940 André Michel Henri Campion (V) 1882 - 1963 1940 - 1941 Louis Maurice Casimir Boucoiran (V) 1886 - 1968 1941 - 1942 Jacqueq Edmond Dominique Albert Simon (V) 1900 - 1978 1942 - 1943 Louis Dupiech (V) 1900 - 1945 1943 - 1944 Jean Marcel Daugy (V) 1894 - 1944 Jacques Lucien Guillemaut (V) s.a. 1944 François Gustave Baure, first prefect appointed by the Provisional Government 1909 - 1944 - 1947 Henri Emile Morel 1898 - 1969 Prefects of the Moselle Department Préfets du Département de la Moselle 1918 - 1919 Léon Mirman, at first styled Commissioner of the Republic for the Moselle s.a. 1919 - 1929 François René Joseph Manceron 1872 - 1937 1929 - 1933 Callixte Eugène Geay 1881 - 1933 - 1936 Fernand Carles 1886 - 1845 1936 - 1939 Prosper "Max Eugène" Chevalier 1896 - 1976 1939 - 1940 Charles Jean Louis Bourrat 1884 - 1964 1940 - 1944 none (see below) 1944 - 1945 Marcel Charles Rebourset, first prefect appointed by the Provisional Government 1890 - Prefects of the Vosges Department Préfets du Département des Vosges 1918 - 1919 Ivan Marie Eené Laporte s.a. - 1919 Marie Charles Emile Vallette 1869 - 1956 1919 - 1921 Gaston Simon Jean Marie Rouvier 1869 - 1921 Pierre Paul André Magre s.a. 1921 - 1922 René Raoul Strauss 1866 - 1922 - 1924 Robert Victor Henri Mireur 1878 - 1924 - 1927 Armand Alexandre Poivret 1868 - 1934 1927 - 1929 Charles Eugène Victor Vatrin 1873 - 1938 1929 - 1931 Henri Léopold Pierre Chaumet 1889 - 1960 1931 - 1932 Emile Edouard Bollaert 1890 - 1978 1932 - 1934 Maurice Louis Théodore Mathieu 1880 - 1968 1934 - 1937 Jean Antoine Léon Agard 1887 - 1967 1937 - 1941 Paul Dupuy (V) 1884 - 1942 1941 - 1942 André Auguste Parmentier (V) 1896 - 1942 - 1944 Albert René Daudonnet (V) s.a. 1944 Julien Delannet (V) 1887 - 1973 1944 - 1946 Georges Nicolas René Robert Parisot, first prefect appointed by the Provisional Government 1897 -
GERMAN LOTHRINGEN 1940 - 1944
In 1940 the Department of the Moselle was detached from the rest of occupied France and placed under the authority of a Head of the Civil Administration. Although Lothringen - as it was now again named - was never formally annexed to the German Empire (1), it was actually treated as a part of Germany and all German laws, the German language, the German administrative system, etc., were introduced. (1) The law of aug 30 1942 which is sometimes seen as an act of annexation actually only introduced compulsary military service, while another law soon afterwards granted German citizenship to those serving in the army or in the Waffen-S.S. __________________________________________________________________________________GERMAN CHIEF ADMINISTRATORS
ADMINISTRATION Heads of the Civil Administration in Lothringen Chefs der Zivilverwaltung in Lothringen (directly subordinated to the Führer) 1940 - 1945 The Imperial Commissioner for the Saarpfalz and the Reichsstatthalter in der Westmark (since Nov 1944 only in name as the teritory had been liberated by then) SECURITY Until 1944 Lothringen was under the direct authority of the Higher SS and Police Leaders for the Westmark. Thereafter - in the period of Allied advance - a separate SS and Police leadership for Lothringen briefly existed. Leader of the SS and the Police Lothringen SS und Polizeiführer (SSPF) Lothringen 1944 SS-Brigführer Anton Dunckern 1905 - 1985 __________________________________________________________________________________PARTY LEADERS
In 1940 the Deutsche Volksgemeinschaft was founded as the sole authorized political organization in Lothringen.. It collaborated closely with the German NSDAP, whose informal presence since 1940 was formalized in 1941, when the region was integrated into the Gau Westmark. President of the Deutsche Volksgemeinschaft 1940 - 194. ...
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