What is Taekwondo History Korean Terminology
Tae Kwon Do is translated as, "the way of the smashing hand and foot". It has developed over 20 centuries in Korea and in this century has become a sport and art practiced worldwide. true to its name, Tae Kwon Do uses mainly bare hand and foot techniques in fighting and defending oneself.
Tae Kwon Do skills are developed through learning various techniques separately and by learning combinations of techniques called forms. A form is intended to simulate fighting an opponent- the point is to learn various blocks, kicks, and hand techniques and to apply them in the form as if an opponent were actually attacking. Skills are also learned by practicing by oneself and with a partner.
Tae Kwon Do is an art, a form of self defense, a good form of exercise, and a sport practiced worldwide since the 1950's. After Korea was freed from Japanese rule after World War II, Koreans began reviving Tae Kwon Do which had once been discouraged and even banned at times by the Japanese government. Martial Arts experts began opening Tae Kwon Do dojangs across Korea and the art spread to other countries soon afterwards.The World Taekwondo Federation was formed in 1973 and soon afterward, championships, tournaments, and other contests sprang into existence. Taekwondo was made an Olympic sport in 1980.
Archeological findings in Korea have revealed that a primitive form of Taekwondo was practiced as far back as 2000 years ago. During the long and embattled history of Korea, Taekwondo (originally called Subak and Takyon) evolved from a survival fighting system to a complete Martial Art. It became the ethical, mental and physical foundation of the discipline of the Hwarang, the legendary warrior-knights of the Silla Dynasty.
Through the centuries, the Korean peninsula was often attacked and invaded by neighbouring countries. However the fierce spirit of the Korean people was never crushed and the art of Taekwondo was preserved as part of the cultural and martial heritage of their nation. It was handed down from one generation to the next, refined and strengthened in the process. When its practice was outlawed by invaders, it was kept alive secretly, often in secluded monasteries.
Finally, in the early 1950's, many Associations were formed to revitalise, organise and promote the ancient Martial Arts of Korea. In 1965, the Korea Taekwondo Association was recognised by the government as the organisation to bring together the different schools (Kwan) and styles into one. Since then Taekwondo has achieved great popularity becoming the first national sport of Korea, it is now included in the school curriculum from first grade to college and it is required practice for the Police and the Military.
Today, Taekwondo is a traditional Martial Art, a scientific Self Defense system and a modern sport practiced by over 20 million people in 150 countries. Taekwondo was introduced as a demonstration sport at the 1988 and 1992 Summer Olympics. It is the only form of Martial Art that is recognised as a sport and a Traditional Art.
| Basic Terms | Kicking | Miscellaneous Blocks |
| Middle Section Block | High Section Block | Striking |
| Miscellaneous Movements | Punching | Thrusting |
| Stance | Low Section Block | Parts of Body for Attack &Defense |
| Korean Pronunciation | English | Korean Pronunciation | English |
| Oen | Left | Baek | One Hundred |
| Oreun | Right | Cha Ryeo | Attention |
| Ap | Front | Joonbi | Ready |
| Dwit | Back | Sijag | Start |
| Kibon | Basic | Galryeo | Break |
| Kyeo pa | Breaking | Gyesog | Continue |
| Hana / ll | One | Gueman | End |
| Dool / Ei | Two | Poomse | Form work |
| Set / Sam | Three | Gyeorugi | Sparring |
| Net / Sa | Four | Hanbeon Gyeorugi | One Step Sparring |
| Daset / Oh | Five | Sabeom-nom | Instructor |
| Yeosot / Yook | Six | Seonbae | Senior |
| Ilkop / Chil | Seven | Hubae | Junior |
| Yeo-Deol / Pal | Eight | Dobok | Taekwondo Uniform |
| Ahop / Koo | Nine | Kyung Ye | Bow |
| Yeol / Ship | Ten | Deuiro Dora | About Face |
| Yeol-Hana / Ship-ll | Eleven | Bandae | Same Side Front Leg |
| Seumool / El-Ship | Twenty | Baro | Opp. Side to Front Leg |
| Seumool Hana/El-ship ll | Twenty one | Keup So | Vital Points |
| Seoreun / Sam-Ship | Thirty | Hoshinsool | Self Defence |
| Korean Pronunciation | English |
| Apcha Olrigi | Front Rising Kick |
| Jjikea Chagi | Hook Kick |
| Apchagi | Front Snap Kick |
| Dolryeo Chagi | Roundhouse Kick |
| Yeop Chagi | Side Kick |
| Bandal Chagi (Feweio) | Crescent Kick |
| Huryeo Chagi | Whip Kick |
| Momdolryeo Chagi | Back Turn Around Kick |
| Dwit Chagi | Back Kick |
| Twieo Apchagi | Jump Front Snap Kick |
| Twieo Dolryeo Chagi | Jump Roundhouse Kick |
| Twieo Yeop Chagi | Jump Turning Kick |
| Twieo Gawi Chagi | Jump Scissors Kick |
| Twieo Momdolryeo Chagi | Jump Turn Around Kick |
| Doobal Dangsang Chagi | Jump Twin Kick |
| Gulreo Apchagi | Rolling Front Snap Kick (Sliding) |
| Gulreo Dolryeo Chagi | Rollinig Turning Kick |
| Gulreo Yeop Chagi | Rolling Side Kick |
| Korean Pronunciation | English |
| Gawi Makki | Scissors Block |
| Santeul Makki | Mountain Shape Block |
| Owesanteul Makki | Part Mountain Shape Block (1 High / 1 Low) |
| Hwangs Makki | Bull Block |
| Sonnal Owesanteal Makki | Knife Hand Part Mountain Shape Block |
| Korean Pronunciation | English |
| Momtong Bakat Makki | Middle Section Outward Block |
| Bakat Palmok Momtong Bakat Makki | Outer Wrist Middle Section Outward Block |
| Momtong Anmakki | Middle Section Inside Block |
| Hansonnal Momtong Bakat Makki | Knife Hand Middle Section Outward Block |
| Hansonnaldeung Momtong Bakat Makki | Reverse Knife Hand Middle Section Outward Block |
| Anpalmok Geodeureo Momtong Bakat Makki | Inner Wrist Grarding Middle Section Outward Block |
| Sonnal Momtong Makki | Knife Hand Middle Section Guarding Block |
| Sonnaldeung Momtong Makki | Reverse Knife Hand Middle Section Guarding Block |
| Batangson Momtong Anmakki | Palm Fist Middle Section Section Inside Block |
| Batangson Momtong Nulreo Makki | Palm Fist Middle Section Press Block |
| Bakat Palmok Momtong Hechyeo Makki | Outer Wrist Middle Section Wedge Block |
| Anpalmok Momtong Hechyeo Makki | Inner Writst Middle Section Wedge Block |
| Sonnaldeung Montong Hechyeo Makki | Reverse Hand Knife Middle Section Wedge Block |
| Palmok Geumgang Makki | Wrist Diamond Middle Section Block |
| Sonnal Geumgang Momtong Makki | Knife Hand Diamond Middle Section Block |
| Sonbadak Geodeureo Momtong Makki | Palm of the Hand Guarding Middle Section Block |
| Korean Pronunciation | English |
| Eolgul Makki | High Section Block |
| Eolgul Bakat Makki | High Section Outward Block |
| Eotgeoreo Eolgul Makki | Cross High Sestion Block |
| Geodeuro Eolgul Bakat Makki | Guarding High Section Outward Block (Double) |
| Hansonnal Eolgul Makki | Knife Hand High Section Block |
| Hansonnal Eolgul Bakat Makki | Knife Hand High Section Outward Block |
| Sonnal Eotgeoreo Eolgul Makki | Knife Hand Cross High Section Block |
| Sonnal Eolgul Bakat Makki | Knife Hand High Section Outward Block |
| Korean Pronunciation | English |
| Sonnal Mok Chigi | Knife Hand Neck Strike |
| Eopeunsonnal Bakat Chigi | Flat Knife Hand Outward Strike |
| Deungjumeok Elogul Ape Chigi | Back Fist Face Front Strike |
| Deungjumeok Dannggyeo Teok Chigi | Back Fist Tug Jaw Strike |
| Deungjumeok Gedeureo Eolgul Ape Chigi | Back Fist Guarding Face Front Strike |
| Mejumeok Bakat Chigi | Hammer Fist Outward Strike |
| Batangson Teok Chigi | Palm Fist Jaw Strike |
| Jebipum Mok Chigi | Swallow Shape Knife Hand Neck Strike |
| Palgup Momtong Chigi | Elbow Middle Section Strike |
| Palgup Pyojeok Chigi | Elbow Target Strike (Hit Hand) |
| Palgup Eolgul Dolryeo Chigi | Elbow Face Round Strike |
| Palgup Olryeo Chigi | Elbow Upward Strike |
| Palgup Yeop Chigi | Elbow Side Strike |
| Palgup Dwit Chigi | Elbow Backward Strike |
| Ageumson Mok Chigi | Arc Hand Neck Strike |
| Meongeo Chigi | Double Yoke Elbow Strike |
| Korean Pronunciation | English |
| Gyeopson | Pile of Palm Fist |
| Bojumeok | Covering Fist |
| Tongmigli | Push Barrel |
| Bawl Milgi | Push Boulder |
| Taesan Milgi | Push Mountain Shape |
| Doo Jumeok Heori | Double Fist On The Waist |
| Jageun Dolcheogi | Small Hinge Hape |
| Meongeo Paegi | Raise Elbows Escape |
| Keun Dolcheogi | Hinge Shape |
| Nalgae Pyeogi | Pull Up |
| Korean Pronunciation | English |
| Momtong Bandae Jireugi | Middle Section Reverse Straight Punch |
| Momtong Baro Jireugi | Middle Section Straight Punch |
| Eolgul Bandae Jireugi | High Section Reverse Straight Punch |
| Eolgul Baro Jireugi | High Section Straight Punch |
| Arae Jireugi | Low Section Punch |
| Ywop Jireugi | Side Punch |
| Seweo Jireugi | Vertical Punch |
| Jecheo Jireugi | Upper Punch |
| Chi Jireugi | Upper Cut Punch |
| Dolryeo Jireugi | Round Punch |
| Geumgang Apjireugi | Diamond Shape Front Punch |
| Geumgang Yeop Jireugi | Diamond Shape Side Punch |
| Pyojeok Jireugi | Target Punch (Hit Hand) |
| "Digeut" Ja Jireugi | "U" Shape Punch |
| Dwi Jireugi | Back Punch |
| Danggyeo Teok Jirugi | Tug & Punch Jaw |
| Chetdari Jireugi | Horizontal Twin Side Punch |
| Korean Pronunciation | English |
| Pyeonsonkeut Seweo Chireugi | Spear Finger Straight Thrust (4th Form) |
| Pyeonsonkeut Eopeo Chireugi | Spear Finger Flat Thrust |
| Pyeonsonkeut Jecheo Chireugi | Spear Finger Upper Thrust (7th Form) |
| Gawisonkeut Chireugi | Scissors Spear Finger Thrust |
| Hansonkeut Chireugi | Single Spear Finger Thrust |
| Korean Pronunciation | English |
| Pyeonhi Seongi | Ease Stance |
| Charyeo Seogi | Attention Stance |
| Moa Seogi | Close Stance |
| Juchum Seogi | Riding Stance |
| Apseogi | Walking Stance (Short Stance) |
| Apjuchum Seogi | Forward Riding Stance |
| Apkubi | Forward Stance (Kicking Stance) |
| Dwitkubi | Back Stance |
| Beom Seogi | Tiger Stance |
| Apkowa Seogi | Forward Cross Stance |
| Dwitkowa Seogi | Backward Cross Stance |
| Hakdari Seogi | Crane Stance |
| Korean Pronunciation | English |
| Arae Makki | Low Section Block |
| Hansonnal Arae Makki | Knife Hand Low Section Block |
| Geodeureo Arae Makki | Guarding Low Section Block |
| Sonnal Eotgeoreo Arae Makki | Cross Knife Hand Low Section Block |
| Arae Haechyo Makki | Wrist Low Section Wedge Block |
| Arae Haechyo Makki | Knife Hand Low Section Wedge Block |
| Arae Yeop Makki | Wrist Low Section Side Block |
| Geumgang Arae Makki | Diamond Low Section Block |
| Sonnal Geumgang Arae Makki | Knife Hand Diamond Low Section Block |
| Korean Pronunciation | English |
| Jumeok | Fist |
| Deungjumeok | Back Fist |
| Mejumeok | Hammer Fist |
| Pyeonjumeok | Flat Fist |
| Bamjumeok | Chestnut Fist |
| Sonnal | Knife Hand |
| Sonnaldeung | Reverse Knife Hand |
| SonkeutHansonkeut | Spear Finger (finger tip) |
| Gawisonkeut | Scissors Spear Finger |
| Hansonkeut | Single Spear Finger |
| Ageumson | Arc Hand |
| Batangson | Palm Fist |
| Bakat Palmok | Outer Wrist |
| Anpalmok | Inner Wrist |
| Deung Palmok | Back Wrist |
| Palgup | Elbow |
| Apchuck | Front Sole |
| Ditchuck | Back Sole |
| Balnal | Knife Foot |
| Balbadak | Inside Foot |
| Baldeung | Instep |
| Dwikumchi | Heel |
| Balkeut | Toes |
| Mureup | Knee |