Famous Pharaohs And Monuments:

Before the year 3100 B.C.,Egypt was divided into two kingdoms:
The North:
Having as symbols: The red crown (deshret),a papyrus and a cobra.
The South:
Having as symbols: The white crown (hedjet),a lotus and a vulture.
Continuous combats took place between the two kingdoms to unify the country. And it was only in the year 3100 B.C. that a king from the south named Narmer defeated the North and unified Egypt for the time under his reign. Narmer had a capital city built (near the actual Cairo) and named it Memphis:it was the first capital city and was surrounded by white walls.

Djeser (2668-2649 B.C):

  Djeser is mainly known as the builder of the first pyramid ever. This pyramid,known as the step pyramid in Saqqara,was designed by the king's minister and architect Imhotep. The pyramid and the funerary complex surrounding it are the first stone monuments ever built in the world.

   The step pyramid of Saqqara: It is formed of six mastabas each one smaller than the one below it. It is 62 meters
high and has a base of 109x125 m²
The infrastructure of the tomb is composed of several wells and corridors most of which were dug by thieves. A momified left leg,found in of the corridors,maybe the only part remaining from the king's body.

Snefrou,originally from Memphis, is the founder of the IVth dynasty and the first king ever to write his name in a cartouche.
He is also known for being the builder of two of Egypt's oldest pyramids: the rhomboidal pyramid in Meidum (near El Fayoum) and The Dahchour pyramid (near Giza).

The pyramid of Dahchour:
The sudden death of the king was the main cause of its unusual shape: to finish the pyramid quickly,the angle of the pyramid was reduced from 54^o31^' to 43^o21^'. This change did not reduce the volume of the structure.
Unlike all the other pyramids,this one has two entrances:
The first-like all pyramids- in the North side and
The second,in the west side.

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