A ah Anton N enn Nordpol B bay Berta O oh Otto C tsay Caesar P pay Paula D day Dora Q koo Quelle E ay Emil R err Richard F eff Friedrich S ess Samuel G gay Gustav T tay Theodor H hah Heinrich U oo Ulrich I ee Ida V fow Viktor J yot Julius W vay Wilhelm K kah Kaufmann X ix Xanthippe L ell Ludwig Y ipsilon Ypsilon M emm Martha Z tset Zacharias ä [Ärger] long as in cape: spät, schläft, Mädchen ö [Ökonom] round the lips and say "oy": Öl, schön, hören ü [Übermut] round the lips and say "oe": für, grün, fünf
ai like ai in aisle: Mai au like ow in how: Auto, Haus, Frau, kauft ei like ei in height: Eis, ein, heiss, nein ie like ie in recieve: anbieten, wieder, Dieter eu like oi in oil: Freund, Deutsch, heute, neun (also same as äu, as in Häuser) kn, pf both letters are pronounced: Knabe, Knie, Pferd, Pfennig ph like f: Photo, Physik qu like kv: Quelle, Quartier sp like shp at the beginning of a syllable: Sport, spielen st like sht at the beginning of a syllable: Stock, stehen th h is silent as in Thomas: Theater, Rothenburg b like p at the end of a word: Dieb d like t at the end of a word or syllable: Kind, Wind g always pronounced hard as in go: gehen, Geld s like z in zone before a vowel: See, sehen
A vowel is long in German 1) when it is doubled (das Haar); 2) when it comes before h (der Sohn); 3) when an ie dipthong (wieder); and 4) before a single consonant that is followed by another vowel (eben). A vowel is short 1) when it comes before two or more consonants (besser); 2) in the endings -el, -er, and -en (der Finger); 3) in prefixes such as be-, ge-, ver-, and zer- (beschreiben); and 4) the letter e at the end of the word (die Katze)