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Smith, David A.(1996), Dependency, Development, and Urbanization in West Africa, in Third World Cities in Global Perspective, Colorado: WestviewPress. Pp:47-74.
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Review(1999/2/2)
Smith, David A.(1996), Dependency, Development, and Urbanization in West Africa, in Third World Cities in Global Perspective, Colorado: WestviewPress. Pp:47-74.
Beyond the modernization theory only describing the urbanization phenomenon of West Africa, but failing to explain the internal and external mechanism of the uneven urban-rural development in these areas, the author tries to analysis how the class interests of the powerful urban elites and the dependent position of West Africa in the world economic system both influences this urbanization process in West Africa. He argues that the urban elites inherit the colonial legacies from the colonizers and maintain capitalist development in West Africa, moreover, they create a complex triple alliance between elite local capital, international capital, and state capital to stabilize their dominance and national development. In this situation, surpluses from the entire country are invested in the infrastructure construction of the capital city in order to create a modern aura. The large flows of migrants from periphery area move to capital where the resources and opportunities are concentrated, and this brings about the consequences of urban primacy, intra-urban inequality and overurbanization. Since the allocation of material wealth, including housing, education and job opportunities between a small group of elites and urban masses is very unequal, the informal sector play a important functional role to provide the flexible and casual works to the urban masses, then produce low cost goods and services to the formal sector. The author thinks that the informal sector economic activities are integrated closely with the formal economy in periphery capitalist societies, and linked to the world economy. Through the political economy of the world-system perspective, the author shows us a clear picture to realize the uneven urbanization characteristic of most West African countries.
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