Jonathan Edwards 
 




"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God"
                          by Jonathan Edwards

Many English colonists migrated to America in part to obtain religious freedom. Consequently, religion played an important role in the daily lives of colonists. Beginning in the 1730's, a spirit of revivalism transformed religious life in the colonists. This period of religious revival is known as the 'Great Awakening'. One of the most important ministers during this time was Jonathan Edwards. Edwards believed that it was not enough to understand that he or she was at the mercy of a powerful and sometimes unforgiving God. As you read the selection, consider how Edwards emphasizes salvation.

"O sinner! Consider the fearful danger you are in: it is a great furnace of wrath [anger], a wide and bottomless pit, full of fire and wrath, that you are held over in the hand of that God. ...You hang by a slender thread, with the flames of the divine wrath flashing about it, and ready every moment to singe [scorch] it, and burn it asunder [apart]; and you have no interest in any Mediator [peacemaker], and nothing to lay hold of to save yourself, nothing that you ever have done, nothing that you can do, to induce [convince] God to spare you one moment....

"Consider this, you that are here present that yet remain in an unregenerate [unconverted] state. That God will execute [act out] the fierceness of His anger implies that He will inflict wrath without any pity. When God beholds the ... extremity [desperation] of your case, and sees your torment to be so vastly disproportioned [unequal] to your strength, and sees how your poor soul is crushed, and sinks down, as it were, into an infinite gloom; He will have no moderation or mercy, nor will God then at all stay His rough wind; He will have no regard to your welfare, nor be at all careful ... should [you] suffer too much in any other sense, than only you shall not suffer beyond what strict justice requires.

"How dreadful is the state of those that are daily and hourly in danger of this great wrath and infinite misery! But this is the dismal case of every soul in this congregation that has not been born again, however moral and strict, sober and religious, they may otherwise be. Oh that you would consider it, whether you be young or old! There is reason to think that there are many in this congregation now hearing this discourse [talk] that will actually be the subjects of this very misery to all eternity. We know not who they are, or in what seats they sit, or what thoughts they now have. It may be they are now at ease, and hear all these things without much disturbance, and are now flattering themselves that they are not the persons, promising themselves that they shall escape. If they knew that there was one person, and but one, in the whole congregation, that was to be the subject of the misery, what an awful thing would it be to think of! If we knew who it was, what an awful sight it would be to see such a person! How might all the rest of the congregation lift up a lamentable [sad] and bitter cry over him! But, alas! instead of one, how many is it likely will remember this discourse [discussion] in hell?...

"And now you have an extraordinary opportunity, a day wherein Christ has thrown in the door of mercy wide open, and stands in calling and crying with a loud voice to poor sinners; a day wherein many are flocking to Him, and pressing into the kingdom of God. Many are daily coming from the east, west, north and south; many that were very lately in the same miserable condition that you are in are now in a happy state, with their hearts filled with love to Him who has loved them, and washed them from their sins in His own blood, and rejoicing in hope of the glory of God. How awful it is to be left behind at such a day! ...To see so many rejoicing and singing for joy of heart, while you have cause to mourn for sorrow of heart, and howl for vexation [frustration] of spirit! How can you rest one moment in such a condition?"
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From 'Personal Narrative' from The Northern Anthology of American Literature, third edition, Vol. 1, 1989


 
Understanding What You Read
After you have finished reading the selection, answer the following questions. 

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1. What images does Edwards use to describe the conditions of sinners?

2. What does Edwards say about those people who think they are saved simply because they lead moral and religious lives?

3. How does Edwards try to convince his listeners to become saved?



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