Ichi-gatsu - January
Ni-gatsu - February
San-gatsu - March
Shi-gatsu - April
Go-gatsu - May
Roku-gatsu - June
Shichi-gatsu - July
Hachi-gatsu - August
Ku-gatsu - September
Juu-gatsu - October
Juu-ichi-gatsu - November
Juu-ni-gatsu - December
Kyo wa nannichi desuka? - What is the date today?
Asu wa nannichi desuka? - What is the date tomorrow?
Kino wa nannichi deshitaka? - What was the date yesterday?

Nanji desuka? - What time is it?
Shogo desu - It is noon
Ichiji desu - It is one o'clock
Niji desu - It is two o'clock
Sanji desu - It is three o'clock
Han - Half past the hour
Yoji han desu - It is four-thirty
Sanji nijuppun desu - It is three-twenty
Goji juppun desu - It is five-ten
Yonaka no juniji desu - It is midnight
Gozen - Morning
Gogo - Afternoon
Ima - Now
Ima sugu - Immediately
Ato de - Later

Odoburu - Appetizer
Dezato - Dessert
Choshoku - Breakfast
Chushoku - Lunch
Yushoku - Dinner
Wain - Wine
Biru ippon - A bottle of beer (Always handy to know)
Shio to kosho - Salt and pepper
Osato - Sugar
Yasai - Vegetables
Niku - Meat
Tori - Chicken
Sakana - Fish
Maguro - Tuna
Tekka maki - Tuna roll
Gohan - Rice
Mizu - Water
Okane - Money
Obento - A box lunch (Not a lunch box, a box lunch.. Trust me it exists)
Irui - Clothing
Wafuku - Japanese clothes
Omocha - Toys
Kosui - Perfume
Hoseki - Jewelry
Kippu - Ticket
Ki - Life energy
Genki - Spirit
Tenshi - Angel
Baka - Fool, stupid, idiot
Kame - Turtle
Kami - God
Ginga - Galaxy
Senshi - Soldier
Sensei - Teacher
Kyuushi - Death
Atakku - Attack
Ninjin - Carrot
Kaze - Wind
Tenki - Weather
Katana - Breeze
Yume - Dream
Ame - Rain

Akai - Red

Daidaiiro - Orange

Iieroo - Yellow

Midori - Green

Aoi - Blue

Muasaki - Purple

Kasshoku - Brown
Shiroi - White
Kuroi - Black

Nezumiiro - Grey

Kaasan - Mother*
Tousan - Father
Niisan - Brother

Neesan - Older sister

Imouto - Younger sister
Obaasan - Grandmother
Ojiisan - Grandfather
Watashi - I / me

Atashi - I / me (less formal)

Boku - I / me (reserved for males only)

Watashi no - My

Watahi-tachi - We
Hito - Person
Kodomo - Child
Otoko - Male
Onna - Female

Shonen - Boy

Shoujo - Girl

*Often, these words can be spelled with an "o" at the beginning to make "okaasan" or "otousan".  Both spellings are correct, however, the "o" serves as a softener.  

Buruma - Gymshorts

Fundoshi - Loincloth

Geta - Wooden Sandals

Hachimaki - Headband

Hakama - Trousers

Hana-Kanzashi - Hair Pin

Haori - Jacket

Happi - Coat

Kappogi - Cooking Apron

Kimono - Traditional Robe

Kushi - Comb

Mino - Rainwear

Obi - Belt, Sash

Sailor Fuku - Sailor Suit (school uniform)

Sando-gasa - Hat

Tabi - Split-toed sock

Tsunokakushi - Headdress

Yukata - Lightweight Kimono

Zori - Thong Sandals 

Culture

Aka to Shiro - Red and White

Akushu suru - Shaking hands

Bakemono - Monster

Bakeneko - Monster cat

Baku - Dream Eater

Cha-no-yu - Tea Ceremony

Goryo - Vengeful Ghost

Hanami - Flower viewing

Kana - Syllabary

Kanji - Chinese Characters

Kodomo no Hi - Children's Day

Kon'in - Marriage

Kurisumasu - Christmas

Ningyo - Mermaid

Ojigi - Bow

Okuribi - Ritual Bonfire

Oni - Demon

Sei Barentain no Shukujitsu - Valentine's Day

Shichi-go-san - 7-5-3 festival

Shinzen Kekkon - Shinto Wedding

Taiko - Large Drum

Tengu - Mountain Spirit

Yobiko - Cram School

Yueri - Ghost

Entertainment

Aidoru - Idol Singer

Chindonya - Music Maker

Dojinshi - Fanzine

Enka - Popular Song

Enkai - Party

Hagoita - Paddle

Hanabi - Fireworks

Kai-awase - Shell-matching Game

Kendama - Cup and Ball Toy

Kingyo-sukui - Goldfish Dipping

Kurogo - Stagehand

Manga - Japanese Comic

Onigokko - Tag 

Saikoro - Dice

Saru Mawashi - Monkey Show

Senko-hanabi - Sparkler

Shiritori - Word Game

Shogi - Japanese "chess"

Suika-wari - Watermelon game

Tako-age - Kite Flying

Uta Karuta - Poem Card

Yagura - Stage

Food and Drink

Bento - Box Lunch

Biru - Beer

Cha - Tea

Choko - Sake cup

Choshoku - Breakfast

Daikon - Radish

Donburi - Food Bowl

Eiyo Drink - Supplement Drink

Eikeben - Station Lunch

Fugu - Puffer fish

Gohan - Cooked Rice

Gyoza - Potsticker

Gyudon - Beef Bowl

Hashi - Chopsticks

Haze - Goby

Hisago - Gourd

Hiyamugi - Noodles

Ika - Squid and Cuttlefish

Kakigori-ki - Shaved Ice

Kare Raisu - Curry Rice

Kayu - Rice Porridge

Kyuri - Cucumber

Manju - Bun, Dumpling

Masu - Box measure

Miso - Soybean Paste

Misoshiru - Miso Soup

Mochi - Rice Cake

Nasu - Eggplant

Nigirimeshi - Rice Ball

Nori - Seaweed

Osechi-ryori - New Year's Food

Ramen - Noodles

Sakazuki - Sake Cup

Satsumaimo - Sweet Potato

Senbei - Rice Cracker

Shoyu - Soy Sauce

Tako - Octopus

Tokkuri - Sake Flask

Tsukemono - Pickle

Umeboshi - Salted Japanese Apricot

Umeshu - Plum Wine

Ungai - Eel

Yakisoba - Noodles

General

Aka-chochin - Red Lantern

Atena - Address

Benjo - Toilet

Bosozoku - Gang

Chochin - Hanging Paper Lantern

Denwa - Telephone 

Hankachi - Handkercheif 

Hanko - Seal

Hara - Stomach, belly

Hari - Acupuncture

Hiuchi-ishi - Flint and Steel

Homurumu - Homeroom

Irezumi - Tattoo

Ishi-Doro - Stone Lantern

Jido-Hanbaiki - Vending Machine

Kago - Sedan Chair

Kasa - Umbrella

Kaso - Cremation

Ketsueki-gata - Blood Type

Ki - Spirit, Life Force

Ki-Ai - Shout

Kiseru - Tobacco Pipe

Kisu - Kiss

Kushami - Sneeze

Magatama - Beads

Makudonarudo - McDonald's

Manekineko - Beckoning Cat

Meishi - Business Card

Miyage - Souvenir

Neko - Cat

Noren - Split Curtains

Ogi - Folding Fan

Otaku - Applies to "anime fan"

Poke-beru - Beeper

Renraku-sen - Ferry Boat

Seidokyo - Bronze Mirror

Senbazuru - Origami Paper Cranes

Shiken Jigoku - Examination Hell

SHinbun - Newspaper

Shoyo - Bonus

Shugaku Ryoko - School Trip

Sumi - Ink

Suzu - Round Bells

Takushi - Taxi

Tsukin - Commuting

Tsuri-doro - Hanging Lantern

Uchiwa - Non-folding Fan

Yatai - Outdoor Stall

Yoshi - Adoption

Yuino - Betrothal Gift

Zoki Ishioku - Organ Transplant

History/Society

Chonaikai - Neighborhood Association

Gissha - Ox Cart

Hata - Ceremonial banner

Jiyu Minshuto - Liberal Democratic Party

Jukyo - Confucianism

Keishicho - Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department

Ken'etsu - Censorship

Kokkai - Diet

Matoi - Banner, standard

Minshato - Democratic Socialist Party

Mon - Family or Organizational Crest

Nihonkoku Kenpo - Japanese Constitution

Nihon Kyosanto - Japanese Communist Party

Nobori - Banner

Seppuku - Ritual Suicide

Home

Amado - Rain Doors

Chawan - Small Bowl

Denki-gama - Electric Rice Cooker

Engawa - Veranda

Furin - Wind Bell

Furo - Bath

Furoshiki - Carrying Cloth

Genkan - Entryway

Hibachi - Charcoal Heater

Ichimonji - Spatula

Irori - Sunken Hearth

Jizaikagi - Pot Hook

Jubako - Stacking Boxes

Kadomatsu - Pine Gate

Kakemono - Hanging Scroll 

Makura - Pillow

Shachihoko - Dolphin Roof Ornament

Shataku - Company Housing

Sudare - Hanging Blinds

Susu-harai - End of year house cleaning

Tobukuro - Pocket Door

Tokonoma - Decorative Alcove

Zabuton - Floor Cushion 

Religion/Belief

Butsudan - Buddhist Altar

Ema - Votive tablet

Ennichi - Feast Day

Hitodama - Spirit Lights

Inori - Prayer

Junrei - Pilgrimage

Juzu - Rosary

Kamidana - Shinto Altar

Kirisutokyo - Christianity

Meinichi - Death Anniversary

Mikoshi - Portable Shrine

Mikuji - Fortune Stick

Misogi - Purification

Mizugori - Waterfall Purification

Omamori - Amulet

Raijin - God of Thunder

Saisen - Money Offering

Senja-fuda - Shrine Card

Shichifuku-jin - Seven Deities of Good Fortune

Shimenawa - Sacred Rope

Shinboku - Sacred Tree

Shinko Shukyo - New Religion

Shintai - "Kami Body"

Tachimono - Something Abstained From

Takamagahara - Plain of High Heaven

Tennyo - Heavenly Maiden

Teruteru - Rain Doll

Torii - Shrine Gate

Tsukimono Otoshi - Excorcism

Sports and Weaponry

Bokken - Wooden Sword

Jieitai - Self Defense Forces

Kata - Form or Sequence

Kemari - Japanese Football

Kendo - "Way of the Sword"

Koko Yakyu - High School Baseball

Kyudo - Japanese Archery

Nihonto - Japanese Sword

Shinai - Bamboo Sword

Sukii - Skiing

Tenisu - Tennis

Teppo - Firearm