Column XIV Isaiah 16

Column XIV Isaiah 16:14 to 18:7

1. (Continue Isa 16:14) saying within three years like the years of a hired man shall the glory of Moab become base in all
2. the mighty crowd and the remnant shall be a very small with no glory (feeble}. (PP)

3. (Chapter 17:1) The Oracle of Damascus: Behold Damascus is changed from being a city to a ruined heap.
4. (2) The cities of Aroer are abandoned, they shall be for flocks and they shall lie down and not be afraid. (PP)

5. (3) The fortress shall cease from Ephraim and the kingdom from Damascus and the remnant of Syria shall as the glory
6. of the sons of Israel become, say YHWH of Hosts. (PP)

7. (4) And it shall be in that day that the glory of Jacob shall be base and his fatness shall grow lean. (5) And it shall be
8. as the harvester gathering grain and his arm reaps the sheaves and it shall be like gleaning sheaves
9. in the valley of Rephaim. (6) And left in it gleaning grapes like the shaking of an olive tree, two or three berries
10. in the top bow, four or five in the top fruitful branches says YHWH the God of
11. Israel. (7) In that day shall a man give regard for his Maker and his eyes
12. to the Holy One of Israel shall look. (8) He shall not give regard to the altars the works of him {his hands}
13. that which his fingers have made and he will not look to the groves or the idols.(PP)

14. (9) In that day his strong cities shall be like an abandoned limb or the top most bow which
15. they abandoned from the presence of the sons of Israel and it shall be a desolation. (10) Because you forgot the God of
16. your salvation and the rock of your strength you did not remember, therefore you shall plant pleasant plants and twigs
17 of strangeness you shall sow. (11) And in the day of your planting you shall make it grow and in the morning you shall make your seed sprout out See note.
18. but the harvest shall be a heap in the day of grief and sick anguish. (PP)

19. (12) Woe to the multitude of many people like the sound of waters like the sound of nations
20. as the sound of waters they make a din. (13) Nations like many crashing waters shall make a din
21. and he shall rebuke them and they shall flee afar off and they shall be pursued like the chaff of the mountains before the wind and like a rolling thing before
22. a whirlwind (14) And behold at evening time terror, and before morning it is not, this is the share of those who plunder us
23. and the lot of those who rob us. (PP)

24. (Chapter 18:1) Woe to the land of shadows of wings which is beyond the rivers of Ethiopia. (2) Who send ambassadors by sea
25. in vessels of papyrus reeds upon the face of the waters saying Go swift messengers to a nation drawn {&waw&}
26. and polished to a terrible people from here and beyond, a nation measured and subjugated which the rivers have looted.
27. its land. (3) All you who dwell in the world system and inhababitors of the earth behold when he lifts up and ensign on the mountains and when he blows
28. the shopher, give heed. (4) Because thus says YHWH to me: I will rest quietly and consider
29. in my shekina dwelling place like dazzling heat of rising light, like a cloud of dew in the heat of harvest. (5) Because before harvest
30. when the sprouts are entirely completed and the grape is ripening it shall be a flower and he shall cut off the sprigs with pruning tools
31. and the branches he will turn aside and cut down. (6) And they shall be abandoned together to the fowls of the mountains and to the beasts of the
32. earth. And the fowls shall summer upon them and the all the beasts of the earth shall winter upon them. (7) In the season

Column XV Isaiah 18:7 to 19:23

1. (Continue chapter 18:7) even that one a present shall be carried to YHWH of hosts of a people drawn out and polished and from a people terrible from here
2. and beyond a nation measured and subjugated which land the rivers have looted to the place of the name of YHWH of Hosts
3. even Mount Zion. (PP)

4. (Chapter 19:1) The Oracle of Egypt: Behold YHWH rides on a swift cloud and coming to Egypt the idols of Egypt are moved
5. before him and the heart of Egypt is melted {&qof&} within him. (2) And I will shut in {&kaph&} the Egyptians against the Egyptians and they shall war
6. each man against his brother and each man against his neighbor and city against city and kingdom against kingdom. (3) And the spirit of Egypt shall be emptied out
7. in the midst of it and I will swallow up their counsellors and they shall seek to their idols and to their enchanters and to their necromancers
8. and to their seance holders (4) And I will deliver the Egyptians into the hand of a cruel lord and a powerful king and they shall rule
9. over them says the Lord YHWH of Hosts. (5) And the waters of the sea shall be dried up and the rivers shall be wasted and dried up.
10. (6) And they shall turn away from the rivers and the streams of Matsor shall be emptied and dried up, {&waw&} the canes and the reeds shall wither. (7) The papyrus
11. on the steams and on the mouth of the streams and everything cultivated by the streams shall dry up, be driven away and nothing in it. (8) And the fish {fishermen}
12. shall mourn and all who cast hooks into the stream shall lament and those who spread out nets on the face of the waters shall diminish. (9) And they shall be ashamed
13. even the workers in combed linen as well as the weavers of white lace. (10) And their goals shall be broken
14. even all those making wages from ponds of living creatures. (11) The princes of Tsoan are absolute fools, the wise counsellors of Pharoah
15. even their counsel is burned up. How do you say to Pharoah I am the son of wise men, I am the son of the Kings of the East. (12) Whence
16. and from where are your wise men, let them tell you please, let them make known what YHWH of {&Hosts&} has counselled about Egypt. (13) They have become fools
17. even the princes of Tsoan, the princes of Noph are deceived, they have led Egypt astray, even the cornerstone of her tribes. (14) YHWH
18. has mingled a warped spirit within her and they have led Egypt astray in all her work as he staggers
19. even a drunkard in his vomit. (15) And there shall not be work for Egypt which they can do, head or tail,
20 branch or reed. (16) In that day Egypt shall be like women, and she shall tremble and be afraid
21. of the presence of the waving of the hand of YHWH of Hosts which He is waving over them. (17) And it will be that
22. the land of Judah shall be for a terror for Egypt, everyone who recalls it for himself 23. will be afraid of the presence of the counsel of YHWH of Hosts which He has
determined against it.
24. (18) In that day there shall be five cities in the land of Egypt speaking the language of
25. Canaan and swearing to YHWH of Hosts; one city shall be called Haheres or destruction or Heliopolis (19) In the day
26. even that one, there shall be an altar to YHWH in the midst of the land of Egypt and a memorial next to her border
27. for YHWH. (20) And it shall be for a sign and a witness to YHWH of Hosts in the land of Egypt because they shall cry out
28. to YHWH in the presence of the ones oppressing and He will send to them a savior and a great one a Rab and he will deliver them. (21) And He will be known
29. even YHWH to Egypt and the Egyptians shall know YHWH and it shall be in that day that they will offer sacrifices
30. and offerings and they shall vow a vow to YHWH and make peace offerings. (22) And YHWH will strike Egypt, He will strike but he will heal
31. and they shall return to YHWH and he shall be entreated by them and heal them. (23) In that day there shall be a highway
32. from Egypt to Assyria and the Assyrians shall come into Egypt and the Egyptians into Assyria and they shall serve

Column XVI Isaiah 19:23 to 21:15

1: Continue 19:23) Assyria. (24) In that day Israel shall be third with Egypt
2. and with Assyria a blessing in the midst of the land. (25) To whom, even, YHWH of Hosts they have blessed saying,
3. blessed are my people Egypt and the works of my hands Assyria and my inheritance Israel. (PP)
[*]

Physical Characteristics. I apologize for the star on line 20 and for the foot notes. They are due to my mistake in the first reading of a repeated passage which at first appeared jumbled to me and is not. It is illustrative however of how easy it is for a careful scribe to make a mistake. There is no error there. The page is very regular and has very little variation from the received text as well as being in good physical condition. The only item of note is the line which may come from a former crease in the leather (perhaps before it was unfolded to be written upon.) The crease in the middle of the page obscure letters on some other pages as it does here.

Paragraphs and spatium: Line 2 ends chapter 16 and line 3 begins chapter 17. Line 6 is the end of 17:3 Line 18 is the end of 17:11 and line 19 begins 17:12; Line 23 is the beginning of chapter 18. The only spatium on the page is in line 10 and is the beginning of 17:7.

Letters added between the lines by an editor: Line 7 vs 17:4 6th word an ayin omitted by the scribe from Jacob's name has been added by the editor. It joins the lower part of the tsade in the line above making it a little difficult to see. Line 10 1st word a waw is added to rosh (head) Line 25; a waw is written over the last word. The page is actually remarkable for the lack of need for editing additions.

Variations in Q from the Received text.
Q= The Great Isaiah Scroll. M= the received text.

Line 2: 5th, 6th and 7th words: The 5th word in Q has an overwritten letter. In M = it is "miz'ar" adv. (trifling) and Q = a mistake in spelling with an attempted correction. There may be two letters written in the same space. One is tsade. One possible explanation is that the scribe wrote a tsade for a zayin and attempted to overwrite. The over written letter makes it look like a lamed was over written but the scribe more probably wrote a zayin above the tsade to correct the improperly written tsade. 6th word Q adds a waw conj. to negative; waw not in M. 7th (last word) Q = "kavod" (heavy or glory) There is no doubt that the Q scribe has written a daleth at the end of this word. He has emphasized the tittles on the daleth. M = "kavir" adj. (mighty) Between lines 2 and 3 in the right margin. I apologise for my insertion of Roman numerals (XVII) to indicate the beginning of chapter 17.
Line 3: 2nd and 4th words: Find Damascus spelled "Darmesheq" which is the consistent spelling for Damascus in Q. M= "Damesheq." See page 6 for other locations of this spelling. And there may be a scratched out correction over the 1st Darmesheq.It is also found in Line 5: 5th word. next to last word Q = "hayiyta" and M = "hiytah" a different spelling for hayah 3ms.
4th line: 3rd word Q = "'avor'aro" and M = "'aro'er." (A city name)
Line 6: vs 3: 6th word. Q = "yhwh" a misspelling of (3ms) and M = "yihyu" (3mpl)
Line 10 vs 6 5th word: a scribble or remarking obscures what should be a masc pl ending plus 3fs suf. (...peyha)
Line 11. A beth is missing from the 1st word after the spatium.
Line 12-13: vs 8 last word in 12 Q has added 3ms suf not in M. Then omits the next word in M "yadayv" (his hands) It is not in Q. The next word, the 1st of line 13: M has cunj waw and Q does not. i.e. Q " 'asher" and M = "ve-'asher" And in the 4th word there is a conj. waw added to l'o (not) not in M.
Line 15: vs 10 2nd from last word: Q = "shakachtiy" looks like verb pf. 1cs (I forgot) but is the Q form of M = "shakachte" verb pf 2fs (you forgot). For this form in Q see the introduction where adding yod to 2fs verbs and pronouns is discussed.
Line 16: 3rd word: M = "ma'uzek" n + 2fs suf (your strength). Q = likely a mistake in scripting as a letter was written and over written with an ayin to correct the word and then a waw was added by the scribe for a "u" vowel sound.
All of line 17: All of line 17 is difficult to read due to a crease which runs through the center of the page. The crease actually runs through all the 4 pages on this strip of leather (pages 12 to 15) but this line is blurred by the crease more than the others. See the discussion on lines and creases in the introduction.
Line 17: 2nd word: Q seems to add initial conj waw to "tizra'ennu" and edits a yod over the word making possibly "tizra'eynu". 5th word: M = "tesagsegiy" verb imp 2fs (you fence it in). Q = "tesagsagsiy" + a waw is edited over the last syllable of this word adding a vowel sound, most likely after the final gimmel which would make it "tesagsagesiy." A different spelling or pronunciation?
Line 20: extra mayim in the last word.
Line 25: last word: M = "u-morat" cj + part (polished or peeled). Q = "u-me-morat" The initial extra mem in Q is most likely the preformed indicator of a participle which is common Hebrew construction for participles. There is also an edited waw over this word.
Line 28: next to last word M = kituv and Q agrees with qerey.
Line 32: 1st word: Q has no article which is present in M. Last word Q has final "he" not in M. Q = be-'etah" and M be-'et" (at that time) The Q reading makes this word which ordinarily ends with a closed syllable to have a final open syllable consistent with Aramaic pronunciation. See