What is job satisfaction?

•Incompatibility between two or more attitudes

(2) attitudes =

·        I need to do well to pass course

·        I REALLY want to see this person tonight. 

·        One solution =

·        Change attitude about course, go out anyway, and reduce dissonance via attitude change…  “I can take course again next year!”

Factors that influence reactions to dissonance:

·        Importance of elements creating dissonance

·        Degree of influence one HAS over elements

·        Perceived rewards involved in dissonance

·        What would happen if...

·        If course performance in previous example meant a salary increase 

  (IMPORTANT OUTCOME, REWARD)?

·        If you thought you could NOT do well on exam no matter how hard you studied                  (LOW DEGREE OF INFLUENCE)?

·  Would either of above cause a different response to percieved dissonance?

Which comes first,
Attitudes or Behavior?

Which causes which?

Perception

A process

by which individuals

organize and interpret

their sensory impressions

in order to give meaning to their environment

Perceptions Matter Because...

·        The way that people perceive their work environment has a direct effect on where they work, how they perform their jobs, and how long they keep their jobs.

Barriers to effective perception:

·        Stereotyping:  Opinion based on membership in a group.

·        Halo Effect:  Attribute entire set of characteristics to someone based on a few traits.

·        Projection:  Transferring your own feelings onto someone else.

·        Perceptual distortion:  Denying existence of some thing or event.  Modify, distort.

·        Subliminal Influences:  Beyond threshold of awareness.

Figure 4-2 

Factors that Influence Perception

Attribution Theory:

·        Is behavior is internally or externally caused?

·        We tend to be harsh on others, and “easy” on ourselves.

Classical conditioning:

·        Pavlov riged up a bell and rang it each time he fed his dog.

·        Dog salivated at presentation of FOOD.

·        Unconditioned response

·        Eventually, dog salivated at ringing of bell only.

·        Conditioned response

Operant conditioning

·        You will do things that in response to reinforcement of behavior.

E.g., Robbing stock room.

·        Behavior was ignored, or untraced, so it was implicitly reinforced.

·        It therefore continued.

Operant conditioning tools:

·        Increase desired behavior

o       Positive reinforcement

·        Praise

·        Avoidance, negative reinforcement

·        Penalties for tardiness

·        Decrease Undesired behavior

·        Extinction

·        Ignore behavior, stop recognizing it.

·        Punishment