CGI - The Common Gateway Interface for Server-side Processing
A plain HTML document that the Web server delivers is static, which means it doesn't change. A CGI program, on the other hand, is executed in real-time, so that it can output dynamic information - perhaps a weather reading, or the latest results from a database query.

Some of the more popular languages to use include: C or C++, Perl, Python, TCL, shells,

Perl and PHP
CGI
About Perl and PHP
Pearl vs PHP
PHP web scripting language.

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last updated 11 JAN 2005