The capture of Riouw Archipelago

The Riouw Archipelago during Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941-1942

Riouw Archipelago is a large group of more or less tiny islands, located west of Sumatra Island and south of Singapore Island. The biggest islands in the archipelago are Batam Island (Pulau Batam) and Bintan Island (Pulau Bintan) with the capital the town of Tandjoengpinang. In December 1941 there were stationed several KNIL troops intended only for garrison duty. They were all under command of KNIL Major J.H. de Vries.
Bill Reynolds- a Navy Captain in World War One and a mining engineer later- fled in Singapore from the north of Malaya peninsula where he had his own mine, which he had thoroughly blown up before the Japanese troops arrival. He immediately offered his services to the Naval Command in Singapore to help them blowing up the harbor installations in Singapore Naval Base, which were pretty much intact by a sudden and quick Royal Navy retreat. The Naval Commander was so impressed by his enthusiasm and fanaticism that he finally asked him if he could help to evacuate 262 Dutch people from the Bintan Island, which was about 128 km SE of Singapore.
You could hardly find a better men for this mission than Bill Reynolds. A 49-years old Reynolds was an excellent navigator, who spent almost twenty years of his life in Malaya, Burma and on the islands of the Dutch East Indies. With a help of eight Chinese sailors he repaired the old Japanese fishing boat Kofuku Maru ("Lucky Ship"), which he had confiscated in the Singapore Harbor and safely brought those Dutch people from Bintan Island to a small port of Rengat on the Indragiri River, Sumatra Island. Several minutes after he anchored at port of Rengat, a little bit bigger boat crashed into Kofuku Maru, nearly sank it. The men on the boat were horrified when they saw a tall and angry Australian coming out from his cabine. They weren't scared much by his height, sun-burned skin, dirty shorts or cornered jaw under the dark glasses, which couldn't hide the anger, than by the bunch of juicy Australian terms of abuse, he destined to the men sitting at the boat, which crashed into Kofuku Maru. Only when this "flood" of terms of abuse ended, he looked down to see who dared to crash into his ship. It was a tiny diesel engine boat. At his bow stood a young army medical orderly, and near the helm was sitting and staring into Reynolds a young British army officer, a Captain of the Gordon Highlands. His name was Ivan Lyon*.

The Imperial Japanese troops have eventually occupied the Riouw Archipelago and had there stationed a small army garrison throughout the war.



Note Ivan Lyon was born in 1915 in a family which carried out the military tradition for quite a long time, so there was no suprise when a young Ivan decided to become a professional soldier. In winter 1936 he got the oppurtunity to serve in exotic Singapore and he grabbed it with his both hands. With his father, who also came in Singapore, they made a small five and a half meter long boat and spent much of their time cruising between the islands and coasts in the South China Sea. Although this were more or less a holiday cruises, he once returned back to Singapore with a report which convinced his commanding officer that there should be done a lot more for the defence of North Malaya territory. As a crewmember of a sailing vessel he once even came to Darwin, Australia. He was a regular "customer" in all well known premisses and joints in Singapore. During one occasion, when he got terribly drunk by a "tiger" beer, he went into nearest tattoo bar, and came out with a large red, blue and yellow tiger's head on his chest, which made him famous among the Europeans living in Singapore; even more than his cruises. During his cruise in August 1938, he met a beautiful French lady, Gabrielle Bouvier, a daughter of the French governor of Poulo Condore Island, located at the south coast of French Indochina. They got married on 27 July 1939 in Saigon.
Since than he wasn't seen much at his regiment's barracks in Singapore, as his commander was giving him numerous secret intelligence missions, which lead him and his boat
Vinette into the desolate coastal areas of Malaya Peninsula and French Indochina, where started to appear the Japanese intelligence. Finally he found his place in a group, which liquidated the Japanese spies and maintained contacts with De Gaulle supporters in the French Indochina, which was at that time already under Japanese occupation. When Japanese attacked Malaya in December 1941, this group started to form a guerilla detachments in the Japanese hinterland. At the end of January 1942, he returned back to Singapore where he was given a new assignment-to transport refugees from Singapore to Sumatra Island. There he met at one sunny February day, after several nearest "meetings" with the Japanese destroyers, a tall Australian Bill Reynolds and his ship Kofuku Maru. They immediately became friends.
They both managed to get safely from Sumatra Island to Ceylon and India, where they met again and planned together probably most daring, unbelievable and most sucessfull Australian commando attack in World War II. They sailed with the Japanese fishing boat
Kofuku Maru (renamed into Krait) from Australia to Riouw Archipelago, crossing a large portion of Dutch East Indies, to carried out a commando raid with canoes (!!!). Their targets were the anchored Japanese ships in Singapore Harbor. The raid was a huge sucess, as they sank 37,000 tons of shipping and return safely back to Australia.
The second, similar operation, named "Rimau", was not so sucessful. They again managed to sink ca. 30,000 tons of the Japanese merchant fleet anchored in Singapore Harbor, but all 23 men who took part in this operation were lost either killed or captured-beheaded, including Lt-Col Ivan Lyon, who was killed by the Japanese troops on the tiny island of Soreh on 16 October 1944.
Bill Reynolds also didn't survive the war. He started to work for US Intelligence Service in Australia and was dropped by US submarine
Tuna on Lacet Island to collect the intelligence information for MacArthur's HQ. Three days later was Captain William Roy Reynolds betrayed by the natives and captured by the Japanese soldiers. He was send first to Balikpapan Jail and later transfered to notorious Soerabaja Jail, where he was, several months later, beheaded together with several other Indonesians and US airmen.
The story would still be a big mystery, if there wouldn't be a young Australian Lieutenant Tom Hall who start to research the Operation "Rimau" in 1958. He dedicated to this research 31 long years before the story was finally presented to the public.



Koninklijk Nederlands Indisch Leger (KNIL Army)
Dutch territorial commander for Riouw Archipelago and Dependencies was KNIL Major J.H. de Vries, who had following units under his command:
• Riouw and Dependencies KNIL Garrison Battalion in Tandjoengpinang
• Mobile Auxiliary First Aid Platoon
Landstorm Infantry Company in Tandjoengoeban
Landstorm Infantry Company in Poelau Samboe

Zeemacht Nederlands-Indië (Royal Dutch Navy)
In January 1942 was in the Riouw Archipelago stationed for a while the Dutch sloop Soemba (Cdr. P.J.G. Huyer).




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