Proximity
The grouping of like objects and separation of unlike objects in design to show relationships and importance is referred to as proximity. Proximity is the most common technique used by deisgners to achieve unity. By simply varying the space between objects to indicate the closeness or the importance of the relationship, the designer can direct the viewers line of sight, and how their work is viewed.
EXAMPLES OF THE USE OF PROXIMITY
The first image below shows us how the photographer uses the idea of carefully arranging elements of the scene to visually link the objects. The figures are arranged to form a horizontal unit stringing across the picture, drawing the eyes with it.
In the second example on the right, the designer has all of the people standing in a group looking in the same direction, this draws the viewers eyes to where the subjects are looking. Then a table lists the stores inventory and prices, drawing the viewer not only to the advertisment but also to the top of the page. The designer has used proximity to direct the viewers eyes in the direction the designer would like them to move in.