The 64 Hands (六十四手) is a linear set of 64 techniques divided into 8 lines, created by Liu Dekuan (劉德寬), who was famous not only for his mastery of Baguazhang, but also Taijiquan, Xingyiquan, Yue Shi Sanshou (岳氏散手), and Liuhequan (六合拳). He himself learned Baguazhang from Cheng Tinghua (程廷華), and Liu helped Cheng's sons teach and spread the art after Cheng Tinghua died in 1900. Although he was thus primarily an exponent of "Cheng style Baguazhang," Guo Gumin (郭古民) followed Liu around, and obtained much instruction from Liu as well, including this set, and then passed it down to other students or grandstudents of Liang Zhenpu (梁振蒲), including Li Ziming (李子鳴); as a result, many Baguazhang practitioners teach and practice their own version of this form. This form is well-known as a rare example of a linear Baguazhang form, as most Baguazhang forms are practiced on a circle. As the primary practitioners of Baguazhang were fighters (not scholars), names for each movement are often different by teacher or style; two versions are given below, side by side, for comparison. Reasons for discrepencies can include simple mistakes in transcription, illiteracy of the masters who learned it, not being sure which Chinese character a word was supposed to be, and poor memories. However, there is still more similar than not, and we can use these lists to give a name to the techniques that we are learning.