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The evidence about that the music is haraam (prohibited) is :-
First brothers and sisters of Islam we all should know that Allah can do what ever he would like to do , Allah can make something allowed and then he can make it forbidden and all we have to do is to obey cause Allah is testing us and we cant say to Allah why? .
And I want to tell you that there is some things that was allowed in Islam at first but then it has been prohibited and there was also things that was allowed to another former prophets and then it has been prohibited in Islam.
As an example for the first case is that the prophet (p.b.u.h) said "I have prohibited you before from visiting the Graves (tombs) but the permission has been given to Muhammad for visiting his mother's grave so you can all visit the Graves because they remind you with the hereafter (or Death)"
As an example for the second case is that in the time of prophet "Solomon" (P.b.u.h) it was allowed to make sculptures and pictures but in time of our prophet (P.b.u.h) he said that the sculptures and pictures are not allowed to us.
And the evidence is in the Qur`an in surat SABA is :- (those are three different translations)
034.012
YUSUFALI: And to Solomon (We
made) the Wind (obedient): Its early morning (stride) was a month's (journey),
and its evening (stride) was a month's (journey); and We made a Font of molten
brass to flow for him; and there were Jinns that
worked in front of him, by the leave of his Lord, and if any of them turned
aside from our command, We made him taste of the Penalty of the Blazing Fire.
PICKTHAL: And unto Solomon
(We gave) the wind, whereof the morning course was a month's journey and the
evening course a month's journey, and We caused the fount of copper to gush
forth for him, and (We gave him) certain of the jinn who worked before him by
permission of his Lord. And such of them as deviated from
Our command, them We caused to taste the punishment of flaming Fire.
SHAKIR: And (We made) the
wind (subservient) to Sulaiman, which made a
month's journey in the morning and a month's journey m the evening, and We
made a fountain of molten copper to flow out for him, and of the jinn there
were those who worked before him by the command of his Lord; and whoever
turned aside from Our command from among them, We made him taste of the
punishment of burning.
034.013
YUSUFALI: They worked for
him as he desired, (making) arches, images,
basons as large as reservoirs, and (cooking)
cauldrons fixed (in their places): "Work ye, sons of David, with thanks!
but few of My servants are grateful!"
PICKTHAL: They made for him
what he willed: synagogues and statues,
basins like wells and boilers built into the ground. Give thanks, O House of
David! Few of My bondmen are thankful.
SHAKIR: They made for him
what he pleased of fortresses and images,
and bowls (large) as watering-troughs and
cooking-pots that will not move from their place; give thanks, O family of
Dawood! and very few of My servants are grateful.
but in our laws the statues are forbidden for this hadeeths in sahih Muslim in book no. 24 of Clothes And Decoration
Book 024, Hadith Number 5249.
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Chapter : Angels do not enter a house in which there is a dog or a picture.
Abu Talha reported Allah's Apostle (may peace be upon him) having said: Angels do not enter a house in which there is a dog or a picture.
Book 024, Hadith Number 5250.
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Chapter : Angels do not enter a house in which there is a dog or a picture.
Abu Talha reported: I heard Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: Angels do not enter the house in which there is a dog or a statue.
So lets see what are the laws of Islam saying about the musical instruments …..
008.020
YUSUFALI: O ye who believe! Obey Allah and His Messenger, and
turn not away from him when ye hear (him speak).
And
003.031
PICKTHAL: Say, (O Muhammad, to mankind): If ye love Allah,
follow me; Allah will love you and forgive you your sins. Allah is Forgiving,
Merciful.
003.032
PICKTHAL: Say: Obey Allah and the messenger. But if they turn
away, lo! Allah loveth not the disbelievers (in
His guidance).
So here is what the prophets(p.b.u.h) said …..
in the book of sahih bukhary there is this hadeeth:-
Volume 007, Book 069, Hadith Number 494B.
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Narrated By Abu 'Amir or Abu Malik Al-Ash'ari : That he heard the Prophet saying, "From among my followers there will be some people who will consider illegal sexual intercourse, the wearing of silk, the drinking of alcoholic drinks and the use of musical instruments, as lawful. And there will be some people who will stay near the side of a mountain and in the evening their shepherd will come to them with their sheep and ask them for something, but they will say to him, 'Return to us tomorrow.' Allah will destroy them during the night and will let the mountain fall on them, and He will transform the rest of them into monkeys and pigs and they will remain so till the Day of Resurrection."
And in sahih muslim :-
Book 024, Hadith Number 5279.
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Chapter: Disapproval of setting out on a journey along with a dog and bells.
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: The bell is the musical instrument of the Satan.
In a book named "alzwager 3an ektraf alkaba`er" its by ibn hagar alhaytamy and he is in mazhab of imam shaafi3i he mentioned 6 serious misdeed which are :-
From the kabaaer (serious misdeed) to play a mezmaar (pipe or flute) or listen to it and to play a qoba (drum) and listen to it and also play a watar (string or chord ) and listen to it.
and there is another hadeeth that i will try to translate as good as i can that says "there will be in this nation khasf (means collapse or falling down inside the ground or cleave the earth under them) and qazf (means striking or throw something on) and maskh (means transformation or metamorphose) and all of this thing will appear if they are drinking of alcoholic drinks and had women singing and played on the musical instruments."
and this hadeeth is in the book of the truthful hadeeth by shiekh naser aldeen alalbany (rahimahu allah(
And Abo bakr alsedeeq (rady allah anho) said "the singing and instruments playing is the musical instrument of the Satan"
And there is so many companions which whom have said things like that.
And in Abu Dawud.
Book 36. General Behavior.
This story about ibn umar but i don't know if it's true or not.
Book 036, Hadith Number 4906.
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Chapter: Not known.
Narrated By Abdullah ibn Umar : Nafi' said: Ibn Umar heard a pipe, put his fingers in his ears and went away from the road. He said to me: Are you hearing anything? I said: No. He said: He then took his fingers out of his ears and said: I was with the Prophet (pbuh), and he heard like this and he did like this. AbuAli al-Lu'lu said: I heard AbuDawud say: This is a rejected tradition.
And the four well-known imams of the four mazhab ( ahmed ibn hanbal , malek ibn anas , mohamed idrees alshaafe`y and abo haneefa) they all said that the singing and music are haram (forbidden) and so had said ebn taymia and imam alshawkany and ibn alqayem and many others.
And from the contemporary schoolars who says that the music is haram the following:-
shiekh ibn baz and ibn oathaymeen and abd allah ebn gabreen and alshiekh alalbany and mohamed saleh almounaged and mohamed alareefy and `aed alkarany and abo issac alheweny and many others.
After all of those hadeeth we all as Muslims should obey Allah our creator and our lord and stop listening to music and we should be annoyed at least in our hearts when we hear them.
And there is another hadeeth in bukhary in book no. 15 called "The Two Festivals (Eids)"
Those hadeeth give us exception case and it’s the only allowed case by the Islamic law.
Volumn 002, Book 015, Hadith Number 070.
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Narrated By 'Aisha : Allah's Apostle (p.b.u.h) came to my house while two girls were singing beside me the songs of Buath (a story about the war between the two tribes of the Ansar, the Khazraj and the Aus, before Islam). The Prophet (p.b.u.h) lay down and turned his face to the other side. Then Abu Bakr came and spoke to me harshly saying, "Musical instruments of Satan near the Prophet (p.b.u.h) ?" Allah's Apostle (p.b.u.h) turned his face towards him and said, "Leave them." When Abu Bakr became inattentive, I signalled to those girls to go out and they left. It was the day of 'Id, and the Black people were playing with shields and spears; so either I requested the Prophet (p.b.u.h) or he asked me whether I would like to see the display. I replied in the affirmative. Then the Prophet (p.b.u.h) made me stand behind him and my cheek was touching his cheek and he was saying, "Carry on! O Bani Arfida," till I got tired. The Prophet (p.b.u.h) asked me, "Are you satisfied (Is that sufficient for you)?" I replied in the affirmative and he told me to leave.
And
Volumn 002, Book 015, Hadith Number 072.
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Narated By 'Aisha : Abu Bakr came to my house while two small Ansari girls were singing beside me the stories of the Ansar concerning the Day of Buath. And they were not singers. Abu Bakr said protestingly, "Musical instruments of Satan in the house of Allah's Apostle !" It happened on the 'Id day and Allah's Apostle said, "O Abu Bakr! There is an 'Id for every nation and this is our 'Id."
And
Volumn 002, Book 015, Hadith Number 103.
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Narated By 'Urwa : On the authority of 'Aisha. On the days of Mina, (11th, 12th, and 13th of Dhul-Hijjah) Abu Bakr came to her while two young girls were beating the tambourine and the Prophet was lying covered with his clothes. Abu Bakr scolded them and the Prophet uncovered his face and said to Abu Bakr, "Leave them, for these days are the days of 'Id and the days of Mina." 'Aisha further said, "Once the Prophet was screening me and I was watching the display of black slaves in the Mosque and ('Umar) scolded them. The Prophet said, 'Leave them. O Bani Arfida! (carry on), you are safe (protected)'."
After you have read the above hadeeths you will see that Abu Bakr has protested on what he saw and heard and that is because he knows earlier that the music is forbidden but the prophet has said to him to leave them and indicated the reason which are because it’s a festival day .
So there is only one exceptional case which we can use musical instrument and there are some conditions which are :-
1-only in the times of marriage and Muslims festivals .
2-the musical instrument that can be used is called Dhuff (its like the tambourine) .
3-this instrument is only allowed to be used by women only and not for men.
There is another important thing which is :-
* Its not right to have men with women in the time of festivals in what is called by mingling so we must avoid that as much as we can.
* what I also know and heard from many Islamic scholars is that the men mustn't listen to any musical instruments in any case.
And finally I hope all the Muslims do what pleases Allah , Ameen