 History
The first recorded reference to the term we know
as ice cream was made in 1744 by Maryland's Governor William Bladden in a letter he had
written. He wrote, "fine ice cream…with…strawberries and milk."
(Dickson) This is fitting since Americans are the world's largest consumers of
this frozen confection. The history of ice cream can be traced to the Roman Empire, China and India.
Time Line of the History of Ice Cream
1559: With the discovery that ice and salt can cause
freezing, ice cream first appears in Italy
.
1744: Maryland 's Governor
William Bladden writes a friend telling him of this delicious frozen concoction
he tasted while abroad in Europe .
1782: Ice cream was first served at a
Philadelphia
party given by the French envoy in honor of the newly formed country.
1790: According to the records of a
New York
merchant, President Washington spent about $200 for ice cream that summer.
Washington
had two pewter pots made for his ice cream enjoyment.
1845: The first hand operated ice cream freezer was invented by Nancy Johnson.
This invention allowed Americans to enjoy ice cream in their own homes.
1851: The first wholesale ice cream business was founded by
Baltimore
milk Jacob Fussell. Fussell is faced with the problem of erratic demand and is
Forced to sell his ice cream for half the price of his competitors.
1874: The ice cream soda was invented. The profession became known as a
"soda jerk."
1890: Due to religious criticism that this "sinfully" creation
should not be served on Sundays, ice cream merchants responded by leaving out
the carbonated water in a ice cream soda and thus invented the ice cream
"Sunday." The spelling was later change to "sundae" to
avoid any connection to holy day.
1904: The ice cream cone was introduced at the
St. Louis
World's Fair by a Syrian immigrant pastry maker named Ernest A. Hamwi. Hamwi
sells his wafer like pastry at the fairground serving them with sugar and other
sweets. When the ice cream stand runs out of dishes, Hamwi rolls his pastry
into a cone shape and the ice cream cone is born.
1904: Italian immigrant Italo Marchoiny is issued a patent for the ice cream
cone mold. Marchiony claims that he had been making ice cream cones since 1896.
[Back to Top]
|
 Introduction &
Scope
This is not the only one pathfinder of ice cream. Prior the existence of this pathfinder, there is an ice cream pathfinder that available online which created on 2003 by Julie M. Wrathall. The purpose of this pathfinder is to provide online resources to people about knowledge of ice cream. This pathfinder will attempt to pull together many different resources
including online dictionaries, encyclopedias, almanacs, electronic journals and internet
resources that will aid a user in discovering a development of ice cream industry. Any generation (kids, teens, adult and senior citizens) can use this pathfinder anytime, anywhere.. as it is designed to apply to all type of user.
Ice cream is a very famous evergreen dessert (food). Nowadays, we can see that people try to create a recipe that mixed with ice cream. From this pathfinder, I believe that people will be able to know more details about ice cream includes type of flavors.
[Back to Top]
|
 Library of Congress Subject Headings
and Browsing Areas
The following subject headings may be used when searching for references (sources) and materials related to ice cream. They are most useful for
searching online catalogs, but they can also be used in searching indexes and
abstracts as well as the World Wide Web. Also included are broader and narrower topics to aid user as well.
BT = Broader Topic
NT = Narrower Topic
- Ice Cream
- Ice Cream Organisations
- BT - Ice Cream Flavors
- NT - Vanilla
- NT - Choclate
- NT - Fruit Ice Cream
- NT - Spiced Ice Cream
- NT - Healthy Ice Cream
- How To Make Ice Cream
- Ice Cream Recipes
- Ice Cream Ingredients
[Back to Top]
|
 Online
Dictionaries
The following online dictionaries provide the meaning of ice cream include pronounciation, word function, quick definition and encyclopedia article. This source is good to be referred by user for beginning and basic of research about an ice cream.
OneLook (http://www.onelook.com)
OneLook dictionary provides a definition, encyclopedia article and matching dictionaries (e.g. Merriam-Webster's, Compact Oxford English Dictionary, etc) that related to the word of ice cream.
Quick definition: "frozen dessert containing cream and sugar and flavoring"
Encyclopedia article: "Ice cream is often served on a stickBoxes of ice cream are often found in stores
in a display freezer.In its simplest form, ice cream (originally
iced cream) is a frozen dessert made from dairy products (milk,
cream, or custard) combined with flavourings and sweeteners."
Merriam-Webster Online ( http://www.m-w.com )
This source provides a meaning of ice-cream, ice cream and Neapolitan ice cream. Besides, there is also pronounciation service for the word of ice cream.
Online Dictionary of Cooking & Food Terms ( http://www.cafecreosote.com/dictionary.php3 )
This source contains definition of ice cream soda and Philadelphia ice cream. User can identify the different between the meanings with other dictionaries. There are different meaning for each type of ice cream.
Dictionary.com
(http://dictionary.reference.com)
This source provides two meanings of ice cream:
"A smooth, sweet, cold food prepared from a
frozen mixture of milk products and flavorings, containing a minimum of
10 percent milk fat and eaten as a snack or dessert".
"frozen dessert containing cream and sugar and
flavoring."
[Back to Top]
|
 Electronic
Journal
The following sources provide articles or electronic journals about a development of ice cream industry in certain countries such as United States, United Kingdom, Sweeden, etc.
IoP Electronic Journal ( http://www.iop.org/EJ/ )
Clarke, Chris. (2003). The physics of ice cream.UK:Unilever R & D Colworth. 38 (248-253), ISSN: 0031-9120
"Almost everybody likes ice cream, so it can
provide an excellent vehicle for discussing and demonstrating a variety
of physical phenomena, such as Newton's law of cooling, Boyle's law and
the relationship between microstructure and macroscopic properties
(e.g. Young's modulus). Furthermore, a demonstration of freezing
point depression can be used to make ice cream in the classroom!"
Electronic Journal Locator ( http://www.libs.uga.edu/ejournal/ )
This e-journal is located in
University of Georgia Libraries. There are few journals that related to
ice cream. User required to key in a password to view the article or
journal of ice cream. The articles or journals that related to ice cream
is listed orderly from number of 57 untill 80.
[Back to Top]
|
 Encyclopedia
Wikipedia Encyclopedia (http://en.wikipedia.org)
"In its simplest form, ice cream (originally iced cream) is a
frozen dessert made from dairy products milk, cream, or custard) combined with flavourings and sweeteners. This mixture is super-cooled by stirring
while reducing its temperature to prevent large ice crystals from forming.
Traditionally, the temperature has been reduced by placing the ice cream mixture
into a container that is immersed in a mixture of crushed ice and salt. The salt
causes a change of state from frozen to liquid water, removing a large amount of
heat from the ice cream in the process."
Wikipedia also provides the information of components, history, production, soy, rice and non-dairy ice cream, and ice cream around the world today. Also noted useful exeternal links that only related to ice cream.
There are 20 articles provided by Wikipedia that related to "ice cream" as follows:
Britannica Online ( http://www.britannica.com )
This source provides full articles to member only. Non-member only can view a brief description of the article.Therefore, user required to log in as a member to view full article about ice cream. Noted that the following ice cream articles (view as non-member):
Encyclopedia.com ( http://www.encyclopedia.com )
This site is the Internet's
premiere free encyclopedia, provides users with more than 57,000
frequently updated articles from the Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth
Edition. Each article is enhanced with links to newspaper and magazine
articles as well as pictures and maps - all provided by HighBeam
Research.
There are about 5
articles, including magazines and newspapers provided by
Encyclopedia.com that related to "ice cream" such as follows:
[Back to Top]
|
 Almanacs
The following sources provides an
annual reference book composed of various lists, tables, and often brief
articles relating to an ice cream. Here you can get more information
about ice cream progress from early 1800s and peoples related to them.
Infoplease Almanac
(http://www.infoplease.com/index.html)
1896: Howard
Johnson
As post-War America began taking
to the open road, Howard Johnson was there offering road-side meals and
ice-cream that catered to the family on the move. He began with a single
drugstore soda fountain in Wallaston, Massachusetts for which he
developed 28 flavors of ice-cream, then franchised both his name and his
products for use up and down the East Coast.
1904: Ernest
Hamwi
Ernest Hamwi was selling Syrian
pastry at the St. Louis World's Fair in 1904. When a nearby ice cream
vendor ran out of dishes, Hamwi rolled some pastry into a cone so ice
cream could be put inside. The ice cream cone was a huge a hit. However,
an Italian immigrant named Italo Marchiony received a patent to
manufacture ice cream cones earlier that same year, suggesting more than
one person invented ice cream cones.
FactMonster
Almanac (http://www.factmonster.com/index.html)
V. Cobb, (1985). The Scoop on
Ice Cream; W. S. Arbuckle, (1986). Ice Cream.
"...Water ices existed in the
Roman Empire, and Marco Polo brought back from East Asia reports of
iced, flavored foods. From Italy the confection spread to France and
England, reaching America early in the 18th cent. Ice cream sundaes had
become popular by the 1890s, and the ice cream cone was introduced in
1904. The manufacture of ice cream in the United States on a commercial
scale began in 1851 in Baltimore and has become an important
industry."
Farmer's Almanac
Genevieve, (2002). What is the
history of ice cream?. Retrieved from http://ks.essortment.com/whatishistory_rknr.htm
"...The first hint of ice cream
came during the Roman Empire with the reign of Emperor Nero. The Emperor
sent his slaves to find snow, which was then mixed with honey to form a
dessert. He added spices, leaves and fruit to make a very early form of
gelato. At this time, sorbets were also being discovered in the East.
With the discovery of the Indies, ice cream came to England and Europe.
The process of freezing water, ice and salt is the main basis for
creating ice cream. This process made its way through France, Italy and
Spain, and England, but only in the highest households and courts.
English kings were known to have weaknesses for this dessert."
[Back to Top]
|
 Online
Databases
The following online databases
lists all spots of ice cream around the world such as United
States, European and other countries:
Food for Thought Online Database
(http://www.fft-international.com/index.html)
This source lists up-to-date online food and drink companies including ice
cream all over the world. Here you also can check the volume
of ice cream product market for specific continents such as
follows:
IceCream.com Database (http://www.icecream.com)
This site provides you with a fun experience for learning
about ice cream, their manufacturers and products around the United
States. Access to the websites is free and does not
require registration.
Food Down Under
(http://fooddownunder.com)
This site links 100 top food and
recipes sites including ice cream all around the world. Some of the
great sites are:
[Back to Top]
|
 Periodicals
The following sources are available for full view by member only. User required to log in as member before to get full article about the articles that related to ice cream. The sources that listed below are articles from magazines and newspapers.User can vie the articles at HighBeam Research web site. For information, this source is listed without the page number of the magazines or newspapers.
Conan, Neal.(2002). Analysis:Social history of ice cream.Talk of the Nation (NPR)
Art Culinaire. (2002). Lacto-Licious.(ice cream)
Petrak, Lynn. (2005). The ice cream man cometh: driven by market factors and
consumer trends, processors strive to keep pace on sales of frozen treats.Dairy Field
Liebman, Bonnie. (2003). Living large: the scoop on ice cream shops. (Cover
Story).Nutrition Action Healthletter
Rauschart, Lisa. (2003). Ice cream lovers flock to mom 'n' pop parlors; Unique
flavors, pure ingredients, sinful pleasure.(Washington Weekend)(Cover
Story).The Washington Times
Haughton, Natalie. (1999). Did Somebody Say Ice Cream? Desserts That Keep Their
Cool.(Food)(Recipe).Los Angeles: Daily News
Furrh, Mary Leigh. (2003). Ice cream: America's favorite dessert.(Food). Mississippi Magazine
Eggleston, Sheila. (2002). Focus on ice cream. Grocer
Allen, Angela. (1998). Ice Cream They Wrote. The Columbian
McGill, Adrienne. (2003). Ice cream business whips up success with a family
flavour.(Your Money). Belfast: The News Letter
[Back to Top]
|
 Internet
Sources
[IDFA - Ice Cream Facts] http://www.idfa.org/facts/icecream.cfm
IDFA is the dairy foods industry's collective voice in Washington, D.C.,
throughout the country and in the international arena. IDFA has become a leading
player in the formation of positive domestic and international dairy policies.
Today, IDFA represents more than 500 dairy food manufacturers, marketers,
distributors and industry suppliers across the United States and Canada, and in
20 other countries.
[Ice cream
History] http://www.foodsci.uoguelph.ca/dairyedu/icecream.html
This will be the ice cream
homepage, a subset of the Dairy Technology Education Series, as this
section is fairly extensive, covering all the following topics:
History and Folklore;
Production and Consumption Data;
Suggested Formulations;
Ingredients;
Ice Cream Structure;
Ice Cream Freezing Curves;
and etc.
[Ice cream - share a taste of summer] http://www.icecream.com
This web site is limited to US places
where users required to select a place that they often eat an ice cream.
This web site will show a variety of ice cream flavor to user during
summer.
[History of
Ice cream - Zingersicecream] http://www.zingersicecream.com
This web site contains information about
a brief description of ice cream history includes myths of ice
cream.
"On downtown Seaside's main street, just a
block from the beach, is an oasis of ice cream and other sweet ideas. Located
just off the bustle of the street, tucked away in an almost-secret corner, is an
ice cream parlor unlike any other..."
[Ice cream
Recipes] http://www.ice-cream-recipes.com
This web site contains special recipes only for ice cream. In this site you'll find lots of recipes to make your own
homemade ice cream using an
ice cream maker. Ice cream is such a fascinating subject that also
covered many other related topics such as ice cream toppings and sauces,
wafers and cones,hints and tips,ice cream history, links and pictures
plus some of the most frequently asked questions about ice
cream.
[How To: Make Ice Cream] http://www.quamut.com/home/food/icecream/
Most of this
quamut focuses on how to make different ice cream recipes. But to make
ice cream you have to have and know how to use an ice cream maker. There
are a number of different types of ice cream makers out there, each of
which requires a somewhat different ice cream-making process and a
different amount and of work from you.
Manual ice cream makers have a narrow metal
canister that fits into a larger wooden barrel. An attached crank allows
you to turn the small canister within the larger canister. Manual Ice
cream makers are rather large, and generally make about 4- 6 quarts of
ice cream.
[Emack & Bolio's] http://www.emackandbolios.com
"Emack &
Bolio's is part of Boston history. Its health-conscious fare, recalls
the heyday of both Boston's ice cream and music scenes in the
mid-1970s."
[Back to Top]
|
|
*****
Copyright or other proprietary statement goes here.
For problems or
questions regarding this pathfinder contact
[Ariffah
Zakaria] .
Last updated: February 26,
2005
|
