NAWSA Strategies

Introduction

During the last years of the US woman suffrage movement, the NAWSA used more moderate strategies than the CU/NWP to obtain the right to vote. They worked with President Wilson and members of Congress. NAWSA pursued suffrage state by state, concentrating on referenda and changing state constitutions. They showed the public that voting could be an extension of women's traditional roles. To increase public support, NAWSA encouraged its members to volunteer with the World War I effort. NAWSA used non-controversial strategies to gain popular support for woman suffrage, as described in the documents below.

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Books and Journal Articles
Unpublished Correspondence 1914
Published Reports, Pamphlets, Articles, and Flyers 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 Unknown Dates

Books and Journal Articles


Catt, Carrie Chapman and Nettie Rogers Shuler. Woman Suffrage and Politics: the Inner Story of the Suffrage Movement. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1923.
Catt's autobiography chronicles the National American Woman Suffrage Association's battle for woman suffrage and the tactics they used. It includes Catt's and Shuler's opinions of the political situation that made their work difficult.
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Unpublished Correspondence


1914


Anna Howard Shaw to Ellen Douglas Hage. 11 April 1914.
LOC. NWP Papers: Group 2, the ERA Years. Box 1, folder 13.
In response to Hage's question, Shaw explains that the Shafroth-Palmer amendment is in addition to, not in place of, the Anthony amendment.

Published Pamphlets, Reports, Articles, and Flyers


1913



Addams, Jane. Women and Public Housekeeping. New York: National American Woman Suffrage Association, 1913.
SSC. US Suffrage Collection. Box 7, folder 121.
Addams likens public administration to housekeeping. She attempts to break down the public/private division in order to prove that women can vote. "A city is in may respects a great business corporation, but in other respects it is enlarged housekeeping."

Bjorkman, Frances Maule. Woman Suffrage: History, Arguments, and Results. New York: National American Woman Suffrage Association, 1913.
SSC. US Suffrage Collection. Box 7, folder 120.
A reference book for suffrage speakers and writers. "A collection of seven popular booklets covering together practically the entire field of suffrage claims and evidence. Designed especially for the convenience of suffrage speakers and writers and for the use of debaters and libraries."

Fitzgerald, Susan W. Have We a Democracy? New York: National American Woman Suffrage Association, 1913.
SSC. US Suffrage Collection. Box 7, folder 121.

Kelly, Florence. Woman Suffrage: Its Relation to Working Women and Children. New York: National Woman Suffrage Publishing Co., Inc., 1913.
SSC. US Suffrage Collection. Box 7, folder 121.
Kelly explains that working women and children need older, enfranchised women to defend their rights.

Key, Ellen. Trans. by Dr. Emma V. Sanders. "The Duty to Vote and Those Who Refuse It." Woman's Journal 3 May 1913.
SSC. Woman's Journal

O'Hagan, Anne. Do Men Represent Women? New York: National American Woman Suffrage Association, 1913.
SSC. US Suffrage Collection. Box 7, folder 121.

O'Sullivan, Mary Kinney. Why the Working Woman Needs the Vote. New York: National American Woman Suffrage Association, 1913.
SSC. US Suffrage Collection. Box 7, folder 121.

Reynolds, Minnie J. Votes for Women a Success. New York: National American Woman Suffrage Association, 1913.
SSC. US Suffrage Collection. Box 7, folder 121.
Pamphlet demonstrates that woman suffrage has been effective in states where it is legal. Argues that the state by state method of obtaining suffrage is effective.
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1914


Catt, Carrie Chapman. Feminism and Suffrage. (Reprinted from New York Times). New York: National Woman Suffage Publishing Co., Inc., 15 Feb. 1914.
SSC. US Suffrage Collection. Box 7, folder 121.
Catt attempts to correct stereotypes of suffragists and feminists which includes, "Free love is not and has never been a tenet of suffragists". She also declares, "Society is not going to lose its common sense, nor its decency, nor go back to the customs of barbarism because women vote".

Blackwell, Alice Stone. When All the Women Want It. New York: National Woman Suffrage Publishing Co., Inc., March 1914.
SSC. US Suffrage Collection. Box 7, folder 119.
Blackwell argues that the majority of women want the right to vote.

Laidlaw, H.B. Organizing to Win by the Political District Plan: a Handbook for Working Suffragists. New York: National Woman Suffrage Publishing Co., Inc., July 1914.
SSC. US Suffrage Collection. Box 7, folder 120.
A guide that describes how to elect pro-suffrage men to the legislature. A step-by-step guide based on the activities of the Woman Suffrage Party in New York. Includes descriptions of legislative work and propaganda, as well as sample letters and resolutions for suffragists to use.
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1915


Creel, George. What Have Women Done with the Vote? New York: National Woman Suffrage Publishing Co., Inc., Jan. 1915.
SSC. US Suffrage Collection. Box 7, folder 119.
Creel explains how enfranchised women have positively affected legislation in their states.

Creel, George. Chivalry and Justice: Why the Women of the Nation Demand the Right to Vote. New York: National Woman Suffrage Publishing Co., Inc., April 1915.
SSC. US Suffrage Collection. Box 7, folder 119.

Catt, Carrie Chapman. "The Suffrage Platform: An Outline of the Policy of Suffragists with regard to political parties, other reforms, and all sects and philosophies of life in general." Woman's Journal 12 June 1915.
SSC. Woman's Journal
The article, reprinted from New York Evening Post, declares that that the NAWSA will always be a non-partisan organization.

Bjorkman, Frances M. and Annie G. Porritt. Where Women Vote (Revised). New York: National Woman Suffrage Publishing Co., Inc., 1915.
SSC. US Suffrage Collection. Box 7, folder 119.
Pamphlet summarizes information about countries where women are enfranchised. It is an attempt to show United States voters that women suffrage will benefit the country.
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1916


NAWSA. NAWSA Headquarters Newsletter 22 June 1916.
SSC. US Suffrage Collection. Box 7, folder 124.
This issue includes a review of and photographs from the Chicago GOP convention and the St. Louis DNC convention and a description of the GOP's and DNC's suffrage planks. Issue includes reprints of both planks.

Catt, Carrie Chapman. Do You Know? New York: National Woman Suffrage Publishing Co., Inc., Aug. 1916.
SSC. Catt Collection. Box 1, folder 9.
Pamphlet contains facts about woman suffrage and why women should be enfranchised.
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1917


Catt, Carrie Chapman. How to Work for Suffrage in an Election District or Voting Precinct (Efficiency Booklet Series). New York: National Woman Suffrage Publishing Co., Inc., Jan. 1917.
SSC. Catt Collection. Box 1, folder 9.
The Efficiency Series is "A series of booklets embodying Results of Practical Experience". Pamphlet contains practical, step-by step tactics and information for local suffrage activists to use.

Rogers, Emma Winner. "The Home and the Vote--A New Kind of Women's Page." NAWSA Headquarters Newsletter 17 April 1917.
SSC. US Suffrage Collection. Box 7, folder 124.
Rogers claims that suffrage is in the best interest of American women because it will assist them to protect their families' welfare.
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1918


NAWSA. Should American Women Be Enfranchised as a War Measure? Read What Statesmen of Nations at War Say. New York: National Woman Suffrage Publishing Co., Inc., May 1918.
SSC. US Suffrage Collection. Box 7, folder 121.

Harper, Ida Husted. The Story of the National Amendment for Woman Suffrage. New York: National Woman Suffrage Publishing Co., Inc., Aug. 1918.
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Unknown Dates


Author unknown. As a War Measure (flyer). date unknown.
SSC. US Suffrage Collection. Box 7, folder 121.
Flyer explains that the country asks women to do many things during wartime, but women only ask for suffrage.

Blackwell, Alice Stone. Ministers on Votes for Women: According to Mrs. Howe's [Julia Ward Howe] Census of Clergymen in Equal Suffrage States. New York: National American Woman Suffrage Association, date unknown.
SSC. US Suffrage Collection. Box 7, folder 121.

Blackwell, Alice Stone. Why Women Should Vote. New York: National American Woman Suffrage Association, date unknown.
SSC. US Suffrage Collection. Box 7, folder 121.
Pamphlet gives sixteen reasons why women should vote.

Brewer, Justice David J. Summing Up the Case for Woman Suffrage. New York: National Woman Suffrage Publishing Co., Inc., date unknown.
SSC. US Suffrage Collection. Box 7, folder 121.
US Supreme Court Justice Brewer writes, "The real question is a practical one. How does woman's suffrage work when tried?" He describes successes of woman suffrage.

Catt, Carrie Chapman. Why the Federal Amendment? New York: National Woman Suffrage Publishing Co., Inc., date unknown.
SSC. US Suffrage Collection. Box 7, folder 119.

NAWSA. Better Babies. New York: National Woman Suffrage Publishing Co., Inc., date unknown.
SSC. US Suffrage Collection. Box 7, folder 121.
Sub-heading (underneath a drawing of a baby) reads: "I wish my mother had a vote-to keep the germs away". Pamphlet claims that enfranchised women will improve children's welfare. It addresses issues of class by citing higher infant mortality rates in crowded urban areas. The pamphlet relies heavily on statistics to prove its point. It ends, "Isn't it evident that when mothers are represented in government and their options and interests are consulted, babies have a better chance? Isn't it proved that women with the ballot do not neglect their homes and babies?".

NAWSA. Eminent People Declare for Equal Suffrage. New York: National Woman Suffrage Publishing Co., Inc., date unknown.
SSC. US Suffrage Collection. Box 7, folder 121.
Cites prominent suffrage supporters, including: Abraham Lincoln, Jane Addams, William Jennings Bryan, Theodore Roosevelt, Julia Ward Howe, Thomas Edison, and Florence Nightingale.

NAWSA. Political Equality Series. Warren: National American Woman Suffrage Association, date unknown.
SSC. US Suffrage Collection. Box 7, folder 123.
This series of pamphlets covers many different woman suffrage topics. SSC has a bound copy of several pamphlets in the series.

NAWSA. Votes for Women! The Woman's Reason. New York: National Woman Suffrage Publishing Co., Inc., date unknown.
SSC. US Suffrage Collection. Box 7, folder 121.
Because women have many important duties, including their contributions to the war effort, they deserve the right to vote.

NAWSA. What to Do. New York: National American Woman Suffrage Association, date unknown.
SSC. US Suffrage Collection. Box 7, folder 121.
A list of organizing ideas for average women.

NAWSA. Women in the Home. New York: National American Woman Suffrage Association, date unknown.
SSC. US Suffrage Collection. Box 7, folder 121.
Flyer states that homemakers need the right to vote in order to control and improve their living conditions.

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