Lesson C3.1  Simple Machines and Work

 

Simple Machines

·       Have few or no moving parts

1.      Wedges

Nails are used to hold things together.

                             2.    Incline Plane

                                                Ramp slanted so a wheelbarrow moves up it easily.

3.      Lever

Hammer

Simple machine made of a bar that is supported underneath at some point.  The point on which the lever is supported and turns is called the fulcrum.  A person can lift a load more easily by moving the fulcrum closer to the load.

4.      Pulley

Used to lift large, heavy loads.

                              5.   Screw

                                                Used to fasten things together.

6.      Wheel and Axle

Wheelbarrow makes pushing heavy loads easier.

 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 Push, Pull, and Lift

·        Something that makes objects moves if force.

·        Force is a push or a pull.

·        Work is something done whenever a force makes an object move through a distance.

·        Simple machines make-work easier because the work takes less force.

 

 Work or No Work

·       No matter how much force you use, you are doing no work unless the object moves.

·       If an object moves because of force, work is being done.

 

Checkpoint /C47

1.  How do simple machines help in building shelters?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2.  Where does the force come from when you pick up a book?

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3.  How do you know if you are doing work?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

With your parents help at home… try to remove a nail from a piece of wood without a hammer and with a hammer.  Explain the results.

Independent Study Guide Module C Chapter 3 Lesson 1 (pg.293)

 

1.  How many moving parts do simple machines have?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2.  List the six types of simple machines.

_____________________     _____________________

_____________________    _____________________

_____________________     _____________________

 

3.      What kind of simple machine is a nail?______________________

 

4.      What kind of simple machine is a ramp?____________________

 

5.      What kind of simple machine is a hammer? ________________

6.      What kind of simple machine is a wheelbarrow?

________________________________________

    7.  Is a pulley used to lift heavy loads or to fasten things together?

    _________________________________________________

 

8. A ______________ is a push or a pull.

 

9.  ___________________ is done whenever a force makes an object move through a distance.

10.  How do simple machines affect work?

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

11.  How much work have you done if you push very hard against a wall, even if you don’t move it?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________

Lesson C3.2  Animals’ Simple Machines

·       Animals use their body parts in the same way that people use simple machines.

Wedges and Levers

Beavers

Woodpecker

Birds

Carpenter Ants / Termites

Front teeth are shaped lie a chisel/which is a wedge.

Beavers use teeth to split wood, cut or make holes.

Beak is shaped like a thin chisel /which is a wedge.

Woodpecker chips away at wood to make a hole in a tree.

Most birds use their beak like tongs / which are two levers fastened together.

Birds use their beak beaks to pick up and carry materials to build nests.

Have strong jaws.

Jaws are shaped like woodpeckers beak.

Chisel their way through wood.

 

Claws as Machines

Rabbits

Bears

Gophers

Woodpecker

Claws help to dig burrows.

Toe end is curved and pointed like a wedge to loosen soil.

Claws are also like shovels to lift out dirt.

Uses claws and hind legs like a shovel.

Sharp, powerful claws and paws used as shovels or crowbars.

Bear digs shelter, or uses cave.

To move a rock it uses paw, claws, and leg as a crowbar.

Front paws longer because they do the work.

Use claws as wedges and levers to dig tunnels.

Uses claws as wedges. 

Two toes point forward/two toes point backwards.

Toes ends with sharp curved claw like a wedge.

Claws dig into bark to keep it from falling off the tree.

 

Checkpoint…. C53

1.  How are the beaks and teeth of some animals like wedges?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2.  How are a rabbit’s claws like a wedge and lever?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

 

 

Independent Study Guide C3.2   (pg. 293)

 

1.  What simple machine are a beaver’s teeth shaped like?

______________________________________________________________________________________________________

2.  What simple machine is a woodpecker’s beak shaped like?

______________________________________________________________________________________________________

3.  How does a woodpecker use its beak as a tool?

______________________________________________________________________________________________________

4.  What simple machines make up a pair of tongs?

______________________________________________________________________________________________________

5.  How do birds use their beaks as tongs?

______________________________________________________________________________________________________

6.  Gophers use their claws like the simple machines _________________

and __________________________________ .

7.  What body parts does a bear use as a shovel in order to dig shelters?

______________________________________________________________________________________________________

8.  What body parts does a bear use as a crowbar?

______________________________________________________________________________________________________

9.  A woodpecker can use its beak and ____________________ as wedges.

 

10.  How does a woodpecker use its claws while the bird pecks out a hole?

______________________________________________________________________________________________________

 

 

Chapter 3 Module C           Review   (pg.C56)

Vocabulary

 

Claws                          incline plane                           force                            simple machines

 

Pulley                          easier              beaks              work                wedges            wheel and axle

 

1.  Tools with few or no moving parts are ______________________.

2.  Nails are _____________________ and are easy to pound into wood.

3.  A ramp is an ______________________________ that makes it easier to push heavy loads from one level to another.

4.  To lift large, heavy loads, a person can pull on a rope attached to a _________________________.

5.  Many animals use their _________________________ as wedges and levers to build shelters.

6.  A wheelbarrow is a simple machine that has a ________________________

___________________________________________ .

7.  Most birds can use their _____________________________ in the way people use the two levers in a pair of tongs.

8.  A push or a pull is a ___________________________________ .

9.  When a force makes an object move through a distance, ________________

is done.

10.  Simple machines make work _____________________________ because the work takes less force.

 

  Hyperstudio CD Program on simple machines is available at school.

 Study Guide for Module C Chapter 3 test

A bonus of 5 points can be earned if you study for the test with your parents for the test by having your parents sign this sheet.

                   Parent signature _________________________________

 

Know these words and their definitions;

Force                   work           wedge                  simple machines            lever           pulley          wheel and axle              incline plane        screw                            

 

How do animals use their body parts as simple machines?

Rabbit                 Beaver                Woodpecker                Birds                   Bear

                   Termites/Carpenter Ants             Gopher

Be able to give specific examples of the animal and the body part used to do what?

Which simple machine is a ….?

Wheelbarrow     Hammer             Nail            Ramp        Tongs        Screws

How does each of these simple machines do work?

How do simple machines help do work?

How done you know if you have done work?

What makes an object move?

 

For Fun… How well do you know different animals?  Here’s a site to explore your knowledge and learn at home about animals.

http://www.kidscom.com/games/animal/animal.html

 Teacher/Parent

Resources:

Big Books Available;

Simple Machines/Scholastic                     

How Machines Help/Scholastic                

What Should I Use/ Scholastic         

        

Classroom Set Trade Books;

How Animals See, Hear…

 

Filmstrips

 

Siler Burdett / Simple Machines

 

 

Videos;

Magic School Bus / Plays Ball                 Cesa Videos available

Scholastic's Simple Machines

J&J Simple Machine Web quest

Work is Simple with Simple Machines