Module C Chapter 1

Shelters … Study Guide

Both people and animals use natural resources to build their shelters. Shelter is necessary for both comfort and survival.

Shelter … something that covers and protects;

from the weather

from danger

Lesson C1.1 Resources in Shelters

Building Shelters

People build shelters of materials they can get easily.

Use materials found near where they live/ and some materials are produced far away.

How is Lumber made… from wood that comes from trees.

Used to make frameworks for houses.

Most trees used as lumber come from southeastern

United States & Pacific coast of North

America.

More and better machines are being built to

produce lumber.

1. Trees are cut down, branches are trimmed off, and logs are loaded onto trucks.

2. Trucks haul the logs to a lumber mill to be cut into different sizes and made smooth.

3. Trucks haul finished lumber to a lumberyard to be sold.

Natural Resource is a material that comes from the earth and can be used by living things.

How Glass Is Made

How Bricks Are Made

1. Glass is made from a large amount of sand is heated with smaller amounts of lime (from limestone) and soda (from salt or another mineral).

2. The mixture is then cooled and shaped into glass.

Bricks are made from the natural resources clay and rock (shale).

1. The ground clay and shale are mixed with water into a stiff paste. The paste is formed into blocks by machines. Then the blocks are cut into bricks.

2. The bricks are baked in ovens, or kilns, at high temperatures.

How Nails are Made (holds lumber together)

How Cement is Made (holds bricks together)

Nails are made of steel, and steel is made from iron ore and a little carbon.

1. Miners use power shovels to scoop up ore from the pits.

2. Trucks, ships, and railroads carry ore to steel plants.

3. At steel plants, iron is separated from ore in huge furnaces.

4. Melted iron collects in a pool at the bottom of furnace.

5. Melted iron is heated to very high temperature with a small amount of carbon to make steel.

6. Liquid steel hardens in molds.

7. Giant rollers squeeze the steel into long strips of wire.

At Nail Factory, machines cut the wire and shape the point of the nail at one end. Then the machine hammers the other end of the nail to make a head.

Cement is made from limestone and clay.

1. Limestone comes from gravel pit.

2. Dry cement is mixed with water and sand to make a thick paste or mortar.

3. The mortar is then placed between bricks with a trowel.

4. Mortar hardens and holds bricks together.

Checkpoint…

1. Where do natural resources come from?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. What natural resources are used to make bricks and glass?

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

3. What natural resources are used to hold building materials together?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Look around one room of your house and list all the building materials that come from natural resources.

Module C Chapter 1

Independent Study Guide

1. What is a shelter? A shelter is _________________________

____________________________________________________.

2.What material is often used to build the framework of a house? A house often has a framework made from _____________.

3. What do lumber mills do to logs? Lumber mills __________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

4. A __________________ ___________________ is a material that comes from the earth and can be used by living things.

5. Glass is made from ____________________ and small amounts of lime and soda.

6. Bricks are made from __________________________ and _________________________.

7. How are kilns used to make bricks? The kiln _____________

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

8. How is iron separated from ore? Iron is separated from ore by ________________________________________________

____________________________________________________.

9. Steel is made from __________________________ and

________________________.

10. At a steel plant, what is used to squeeze steel into long narrow strips of wire? At the steel plant _________________

____________________________________________________.

11. Dry cement mixed with water and sand makes a thick paste called ________________________________.

Module C Chapter 1

Lesson 1.2 Using Resources Found Nearby

Animal Shelters

Animals need shelter for;

Protection from rain, snow, heat, cold, and other animals.

A safe place to raise their young.

Squirrel

Ideal nest is a hole high up in a large tree or hollow tree trunk.

Makes nest of grass, leaves, pieces of bark, and twigs.

Nest keeps baby squirrels safe, dry, and warm.

Beaver

Use trees to build shelters.

Build lodges at the shore or in the middle of a pond or river.

1. Uses its strong front teeth to cut down trees.

2. Uses teeth to peel the bark and branches off the trees

3. With branch in mouth, swims back to the place its chosen for lodge.

4. Uses teeth to build a tunnel up from the bottom of the pond.

5. Gnaws through the bottom of lodge and hollow out a den.

6. Before ice forms, uses paws plasters the outside of the lodge with rotten leaves and mud from the bottom of the pond.

7. Leaves a small opening at the top of the lodge to let in air.

Shelters in Early America

Woodland/Forest	Native Americans who settled in woodlands made houses of wood covered with bark.	European settlers built houses of wood logs with mud and moss between the logs.

Great Plains Few trees Rich soil	Great Plains Indians had few trees, built earth lodges made of logs thickly covered with hard packed grass and dirt.	Settlers cut sod into blocks with plows and spades to build sod homes.
Southwest desert	1. Native Americans used stone and mud to build flat roofed rooms and placed them side by side and on top of one another. (Like apartment houses) 2. Lowland parts, Native Americans made houses of adobe shaped into lumps and plastered together into tick walls. Walls kept out hot and cold	Settlers from Mexico made homes of adobe. They shaped adobe into bricks

Adobe is a mixture of sand, clay, water and straw.

The kind of shelter people build depends of where they live and materials available to build with.

Checkpoint…

1. How are the shelters of squirrels and beavers alike?

2. Why didn’t all Native Americans use the same building materials?

Independent Study Guide C1.2 (289 bottom)

What materials do squirrel use to make nests? __________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

A beaver’s shelter is called a __________________________.
Where do beavers build their shelters? _______________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

What body part do beavers use to cut trees and carry branches?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

Beavers use _____________________ to get in and out of their shelters.
What does a beaver put on its shelter to keep out cold winds?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________.

7. People who settled in woodland often built houses made of ___________

__________________.

8. People who settled on the Great Plains often built houses made of

__________________, _______________, and ______________.

9. How did the adobe houses of the settlers that moved up from Mexico differ from other adobe houses? ______________________________

_____________________________________________________.

Module C Chapter 1 Shelters

Chapter Review

Bricks Steel Logs Shelters Beaver

Adobe Glass Tree Nearby Natural Resources

1. Animals build ____________________ for protection from weather and danger.

2. A material that comes form the earth and can be used by living things is a _______________________________ .

3. Sand is heated with lime and soda to make ___________________.

4. Clay and a rock called shale are mixed to make ____________.

5. To make ____________, iron ore is heated with carbon.

6. Squirrels often build their nests high up in a ______________.

7. Many animals find shelter in hollow trees or under _________.

8. The ____________ cuts down trees to build a lodge for shelter.

9. Native Americans built shelters with the resources that were ________________________.

10. In parts of the Southwest, Native Americans made houses of ________________, a mixture of sandy clay, water, and straw.

Study Guide for Test Module C Chapter 1

Bonus 5 points if signed/studied by parents _________________

Vocabulary;

Natural Resources Adobe Bricks

Lodge Nails Steel

Lumber Concrete cement

Glass Sod shelter

What is a natural resource? Give 3 examples of natural resources people use to build houses today.

Give three reasons why animals build shelters.

Tell which natural resource is used to make these building materials: nail, lumber, glass, brick, and cement.

Natural Resource

A material that comes from the earth and can be used by people

Steel is made of

Trees

Lumber is made from

Iron ore

Nails is made of

Clay

Bricks are made of

Mortar is made of

A thick paste made of cement and water

Limestone

Shale (rock)

Kiln

Special oven that heats to higher temperatures

Soda

Glass is made of

Lime (from limestone)

Concrete is made of

Used as a building material

Carbon

Cement is made of

Limestone

Clay

These are building materials used to make shelters;

These are natural resources use to make building materials;

Animals build shelters to

Protect themselves

Safe place to raise their young

Protection from danger

From weather; rain, snow, wind, hot, and cold

People build shelters to

Adobe is made of

Sandy clay

Water

Straw

Beaver

Uses teeth to build its’ shelter

Lives in a lodge

Uses trees to build shelter

Comes from open pit mines

Cut into blocks by early settlers on the plains to make houses

Sod

In the Southwest, Native Americans built homes using

Lumber grows in

Southeastern United States

Pacific Coast of North America