Engineering Management

Home

Sites

ABdA

Help

E-mail

WEEK 18: CONTROLLING: CORRECTIVE ACTIONS

Situations of Poor Work Habits

Situations.
1. Affects Persons' Output. results into backlogs, missed deadlines.

2. Affects Output of Others. results to complaints from people whose job are affected.

3. Violates Organizational Policies or Procedures. results to damage to property, injury to personnel or equipment.

4. Annoying or Offensive Behavior. actions that are too annoying or offensive to overlook like chain smoking on No Smoking areas, or poor hygiene.

Steps. In dealing with aforementioned situations, the rater, usually the immediate superior, should describe the behavior or observation in detail and the reason/s why it concerns the rater; emphasize on the need to change such behavior or action; offer help to the person, and draw out a specific action agreement.

Coaching

Definition. Coaching is the process of helping people achieve results by instruction, listening and advice. Coaching helps build strengths, develop skills, provide encouragement and increase confidence.

Forms.
1. Instruction. includes training or re-training, imparting of technical knowledge and transfer of skills.

2. Direction/Guidance. - people have necessary skills but need to know how to apply them.

3. Prompting. people know what to do and how to do it but need support.

Types.
1. Coach for Improvement. bring performance up to standard or improve poor work habits through problem-solving techniques.

2. Coach for Success. instruct, guide or prompt person before they take action.

Reinforcement

Definition. Reinforcement is a deliberate effort to praise specific actions or results.

Factors.
1. Why-Factor. Reinforcement assures repeat performance that also lead to the desired result.

2. When-Factor. Reinforcement should be done as soon as possible after an accomplishment.

3. How-Factors. The factors of reinforcement are:
a) sincerity - short, terse, concise but to the point.
b) specific - state exactly what was done and why the job was good.

4. What-Factors. The factors of reinforcement are:
a) Skills/Actions and Results - individual used the correct skills to achieve the desired results.
b) Skills/Actions only - individual used the correct skills but did not achieve the desired results.
b) Results only - individual achieve results without using appropriate skills/actions.

Punishment

Definition. Negative reinforcement is the removal of an aversive or unpleasant stimuli following a desired response. A positive reinforcement, however, is the presentation of an attractive stimuli following a desired behavior. Thus, punishment is the removal of an pleasant event following a undesired behavior or preventing an aversive or unpleasant stimulus following an undesired response.

Reasons for Punishment.
1. Shame the person into changing his behavior. This consists of a verbal punishment plus guidance.

2. "Even up the score. - a tooth for tooth, an eye for an eye.

3. Receive Restitution - make amends by offending party,including a verbal apology from the offender.

Approaches to Punishment the following are problem-solving approaches to punishment
1. Consultative asks questions or gives information about the problem.

2. Reflective thinks back on the concerns and issues raised to understand the feelings which give rise to the problem. Also known as diagnostic approach.

3. Negotiative offers something and expects something in return, also known as solution-centered approach.

4. Perspective suggests solutions but recipient must make the decision whether to act, also known as the solution-orientated approach.

5. Directive tells what the person wants then what to do.

Types of Error. Depending on the type of error, the approaches aforementioned should be applied accordingly.

1. Accidental - identify what must be done to prevent recurrence.

2. Deliberate - seek to reform, make retribution.

Discipline

Definition. Discipline is the use of penalties to discourage unacceptable behavior.

Forms. A number of disciplinary actions exist, but most fall into category such as: oral and/or written reprimands, loss of privileges, fines, suspension, demotion or dismissal/discharge.

Manual. The organization's disciplinary action table should include: the warrant of penalties, the sequence of penalties and the concurrence of senior or upper-level management.

Caselettes

Sudents' Caselettes.

Reinforcement Caselette: Case 4132

Discipline Caselette: Case 3716