| elements of the solar system | ||||||||
| mean distance from sun (km) | period of revolution around sun | period of rotation on axis | equatorial diameter (km) | surface gravity (earth=1) | mass (earth=1) | mean density (water=1) | number of satellites | |
| mercury | 57,900,000 | 87.97 days | 58.7 days | 4,880 | 0.38 | 0.055 | 5.4 | 0 |
| venus | 108,200,000 | 224.70 days | 243.7 days† | 12,104 | 0.91 | 0.815 | 5.2 | 0 |
| earth | 149,700,000 | 365.26 days | 23h 56m | 12,755 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 5.5 | 1 |
| mars | 227,900,000 | 686.98 days | 24h 37m | 6,794 | 0.38 | 0.107 | 3.9 | 2 |
| jupiter | 778,400,000 | 11.86 years | 9h 55m | 142,984 | 2.36 | 317.8 | 1.3 | 16 |
| saturn | 1,426,800,000 | 29.46 years | 10h 30m | 120,536 | 0.92 | 95.2 | 0.7 | 18 |
| uranus | 2,871,000,000 | 84.01 years | 17h 14m† | 51,118 | 0.89 | 14.5 | 1.3 | 15 |
| neptune | 4,498,300,000 | 164.79 years | 16h 6m | 49,532 | 1.13 | 17.1 | 1.6 | 8 |
| pluto | 5,906,400,000 | 247.70 years | 6.4 days† | 2,274 | 0.07 | 0.002 | 2.1 | 1 |
| † retrograde motion | ||||||||
| dimensions of the earth | ||||||||
| area in square kilometers | ||||||||
| superficial area | 510,072,000 | |||||||
| land surface | 148,940,000 | |||||||
| water surface | 361,132,000 | |||||||
| distance in kilometers | ||||||||
| equatorial circumference | 40,075 | |||||||
| polar circumference | 40,007 | |||||||
| equatorial diameter | 12,756.4 | |||||||
| polar diameter | 12,713.6 | |||||||
| equatorial radius | 6,378.2 | |||||||
| polar radius | 6,356.8 | |||||||
| volume of the earth | 10.84 × 10^11 cubic kilometers | |||||||
| mass or weight | 6.0 × 10^21 metric tons | |||||||
| maximum distance from sun | 152,000,000 kilometers | |||||||
| minimum distance from sun | 147,000,000 kilometers | |||||||
| oceans and major seas | ||
| area in square km | greatest depth in meters |
|
| pacific ocean | 166,241,000 | 11,033 |
| atlantic ocean | 82,217,000 | 8,648 |
| indian ocean | 73,600,000 | 7,725 |
| arctic ocean | 14,056,000 | 5,450 |
| caribbean sea | 2,512,300 | 7,535 |
| mediterranean sea | 2,509,700 | 5,150 |
| south china sea | 2,318,000 | 4,600 |
| bering sea | 2,266,250 | 4,800 |
| gulf of mexico | 1,554,000 | 3,750 |
| sea of okhotsk | 1,528,100 | 3,370 |
| east china sea | 1,248,400 | 2,900 |
| yellow sea | 1,243,200 | 107 |
| sea of japan | 1,007,500 | 3,740 |
| hudson bay | 822,300 | 258 |
| north sea | 575,000 | 670 |
| black sea | 479,150 | 2,245 |
| red sea | 437,700 | 2,195 |
| baltic sea | 422,170 | 459 |
| the continents | ||||||||
| area in sq. kms. | percent of world's land |
|||||||
| asia | 44,362,815 | 29.5 | ||||||
| africa | 30,321,130 | 20.2 | ||||||
| north america | 24,250,170 | 16.2 | ||||||
| south america | 17,818,505 | 11.9 | ||||||
| antarctica | 14,000,000 | 9.4 | ||||||
| europe | 10,507,630 | 7.0 | ||||||
| australia | 7,686,850 | 5.1 | ||||||
| major ship canals | ||||||||
| length in kms. | minimum depth in meters |
|||||||
| volga-baltic, russia | 362 | - | ||||||
| baltic-white sea, russia | 225 | 5 | ||||||
| suez, egypt | 162 | 13 | ||||||
| albert, belgium | 129 | 5 | ||||||
| moscow-volga, russia | 129 | 6 | ||||||
| volga-don, russia | 100 | - | ||||||
| göta, sweden | 87 | 3 | ||||||
| kiel (nord-ostsee), germany | 86 | 12 | ||||||
| panama canal, panama | 82 | 13 | ||||||
| houston ship, u.s.a. | 81 | 11 | ||||||
| largest islands | ||||||||
| area in: sq. miles | sq. kms. | |||||||
| greenland | 840,000 | 2,175,600 | ||||||
| new guinea | 305,000 | 789,950 | ||||||
| borneo | 286,000 | 740,740 | ||||||
| madagascar | 226,656 | 587,040 | ||||||
| baffin, canada | 195,928 | 507,454 | ||||||
| sumatra, indonesia | 164,000 | 424,760 | ||||||
| honshu, japan | 88,000 | 227,920 | ||||||
| great britain | 84,400 | 218,896 | ||||||
| victoria, canada | 83,896 | 217,290 | ||||||
| ellesmere, canada | 75,767 | 196,236 | ||||||
| celebes, indonesia | 72,986 | 189,034 | ||||||
| south island, new zealand | 58,393 | 151,238 | ||||||
| java, indonesia | 48,842 | 126,501 | ||||||
| north island, new zealand | 44,187 | 114,444 | ||||||
| cuba | 42,803 | 110,860 | ||||||
| newfoundland, canada | 42,031 | 108,860 | ||||||
| luzon, philippines | 40,420 | 104,688 | ||||||
| iceland | 39,768 | 103,000 | ||||||
| mindanao, philippines | 36,537 | 94,631 | ||||||
| ireland | 32,589 | 84,406 | ||||||
| hokkaido, japan | 30,436 | 75,066 | ||||||
| sakhalin, russia | 29,500 | 76,405 | ||||||
| hispaniola, haiti & dominican republic | 29,399 | 76,143 | ||||||
| banks, canada | 27,038 | 70,028 | ||||||
| ceylon, sri lanka | 25,332 | 65,610 | ||||||
| tasmania, australia | 24,600 | 63,710 | ||||||
| svalbard, norway | 23,957 | 62,049 | ||||||
| devon, canada | 21,331 | 55,247 | ||||||
| novaya zemlya (north island), russia | 18,600 | 48,200 | ||||||
| marajó, brazil | 17,991 | 46,597 | ||||||
| tierra del fuego, chile & argentina | 17,900 | 46,360 | ||||||
| alexander, antarctica | 16,700 | 43,250 | ||||||
| axel heiberg, canada | 16,671 | 43,178 | ||||||
| melville, canada | 16,274 | 42,150 | ||||||
| southhampton, canada | 15,913 | 41,215 | ||||||
| new britain, papua new guinea | 14,100 | 36,519 | ||||||
| taiwan, china | 13,836 | 35,835 | ||||||
| kyushu, japan | 13,770 | 35,664 | ||||||
| hainan, china | 13,127 | 33,999 | ||||||
| prince of wales, canada | 12,872 | 33,338 | ||||||
| spitsbergen, norway | 12,335 | 31,999 | ||||||
| vancouver, canada | 12,079 | 31,285 | ||||||
| timor, indonesia | 11,527 | 29,855 | ||||||
| sicily, italy | 9,926 | 25,708 | ||||||
| somerset, canada | 9,570 | 24,786 | ||||||
| sardinia, italy | 9,301 | 24,090 | ||||||
| shikoku, japan | 6,860 | 17,767 | ||||||
| new caledonia, france | 6,530 | 16,913 | ||||||
| nordaustland, norway | 6,409 | 16,599 | ||||||
| samar, philippines | 5,050 | 13,080 | ||||||
| negros, philippines | 4,906 | 12,707 | ||||||
| palawan, philippines | 4,550 | 11,785 | ||||||
| panay, philippines | 4,446 | 11,515 | ||||||
| jamaica | 4,232 | 10,961 | ||||||
| hawaii, united states | 4,038 | 10,458 | ||||||
| viti levu, fiji | 4,010 | 10,386 | ||||||
| cape breton, canada | 3,981 | 10,311 | ||||||
| mindoro, philippines | 3,759 | 9,736 | ||||||
| kodiak, alaska, u.s.a. | 3,670 | 9,505 | ||||||
| cyprus | 3,572 | 9,251 | ||||||
| puerto rico, u.s.a. | 3,435 | 8,897 | ||||||
| corsica, france | 3,352 | 8,682 | ||||||
| new ireland, papua new guinea | 3,340 | 8,651 | ||||||
| crete, greece | 3,218 | 8,335 | ||||||
| anticosti, canada | 3,066 | 7,941 | ||||||
| wrangel, russia | 2,819 | 7,301 | ||||||
| principal mountains | ||||||||
| height in: feet | meters | |||||||
| everest, nepal-china | 29,028 | 8,848 | ||||||
| k2 (godwin austen), pakistan-china | 28,250 | 8,611 | ||||||
| kanchenjunga, nepal-china | 28,208 | 8,598 | ||||||
| lhotse, nepal-china | 27,923 | 8,511 | ||||||
| makalu, nepal-china | 27,789 | 8,470 | ||||||
| dhaulagiri, nepal | 26,810 | 8,172 | ||||||
| nahga parbat, pakistan | 26,660 | 8,126 | ||||||
| annapurna, nepal | 26,504 | 8,078 | ||||||
| nanda devi, india | 25,645 | 7,817 | ||||||
| rakaposhi, pakistan | 25,550 | 7,788 | ||||||
| kongur shan, china | 25,325 | 7,719 | ||||||
| tirich mir, pakistan | 25,230 | 7,690 | ||||||
| gongga shan, china | 24,790 | 7,556 | ||||||
| ismail samani peak, tajikistan | 24,590 | 7,495 | ||||||
| pobeda peak, kyrgyzstan | 24,406 | 7,439 | ||||||
| chomo lhari, bhutan-china | 23,997 | 7,314 | ||||||
| muztag, china | 23,891 | 7,282 | ||||||
| cerro aconcagua, argentina | 22,831 | 6,959 | ||||||
| ojos del salado, chile-argentina | 22,572 | 6,880 | ||||||
| bonete, chile-argentina | 22,546 | 6,872 | ||||||
| tupungato, chile-argentina | 22,310 | 6,800 | ||||||
| pissis, argentina | 22,241 | 6,779 | ||||||
| mercedario, argentina | 22,211 | 6,770 | ||||||
| huascarán, peru | 22,205 | 6,768 | ||||||
| llullaillaco, chile-argentina | 22,057 | 6,723 | ||||||
| nevada, ancohuma, bolivia | 21,489 | 6,550 | ||||||
| chimborazo, ecuador | 20,561 | 6,267 | ||||||
| mckinley, alaska, united states | 20,320 | 6,194 | ||||||
| logan, yukon, canada | 19,524 | 5,951 | ||||||
| cotopaxi, ecuador | 19,347 | 5,897 | ||||||
| kilimanjaro, tanzania | 19,340 | 5,895 | ||||||
| el misti, peru | 19,101 | 5,822 | ||||||
| pico cristóbal colón, colombia | 18,947 | 5,775 | ||||||
| huila, colombia | 18,865 | 5,750 | ||||||
| citlaltépetl (orizaba), mexico | 18,700 | 5,700 | ||||||
| damavand, iran | 18,605 | 5,671 | ||||||
| el'brus, russia | 18,510 | 5,642 | ||||||
| st. elias, alaska, u.s.a-yukon, canada | 18,008 | 5,489 | ||||||
| dykhtau, russia | 17,070 | 5,203 | ||||||
| kenya, kenya | 17,058 | 5,199 | ||||||
| ararat, turkey | 16,946 | 5,165 | ||||||
| vinson massif, antarctica | 16,864 | 5,140 | ||||||
| margherita, d.r. congo-uganda | 16,795 | 5,119 | ||||||
| kazbek, georgia-russia | 16,558 | 5,047 | ||||||
| puncak jaya, indonesia | 16,503 | 5,030 | ||||||
| blanc, france | 15,771 | 4,807 | ||||||
| klyuchevskaya sopka, russia | 15,584 | 4,750 | ||||||
| fairweather, british columbia, canada | 15,300 | 4,663 | ||||||
| dufourspitze, italy-switzerland | 15,203 | 4,634 | ||||||
| ras dashen, ethiopia | 15,157 | 4,620 | ||||||
| matterhorn, switzerland | 14,691 | 4,478 | ||||||
| whitney, california, united states | 14,494 | 4,418 | ||||||
| elbert, colorado, united states | 14,433 | 4,399 | ||||||
| rainier, washington, united states | 14,410 | 4,392 | ||||||
| shasta, california, united states | 14,162 | 4,317 | ||||||
| pikes peak, colorado, united states | 14,110 | 4,301 | ||||||
| finsteraarhorn, switzerland | 14,022 | 4,274 | ||||||
| mauna kea, hawaii, united states | 13,796 | 4,205 | ||||||
| mauna loa, hawaii, united states | 13,677 | 4,169 | ||||||
| jungfrau, switzerland | 13,642 | 4,158 | ||||||
| grossglockner, austria | 12,457 | 3,797 | ||||||
| fuji, japan | 12,389 | 3,776 | ||||||
| cook, new zealand | 12,349 | 3,764 | ||||||
| longest rivers | ||||||||
| length in: miles | kms | |||||||
| nile, africa | 4,145 | 6,671 | ||||||
| amazon, south america | 4,007 | 6,448 | ||||||
| mississippi-missouri-red rock, united states | 3,710 | 5,971 | ||||||
| chang jiang (yangtze), china | 3,500 | 5,633 | ||||||
| ob'irtysh, russia-kazakhstan | 3,362 | 5,411 | ||||||
| yenisey-angara, russia | 3,100 | 4,989 | ||||||
| huang he (yellow), china | 2,950 | 4,747 | ||||||
| congo, africa | 2,780 | 4,474 | ||||||
| amur-shilka-onon, asia | 2,744 | 4,416 | ||||||
| lena, russia | 2,734 | 4,400 | ||||||
| mackenzie-peace-finlay, canada | 2,635 | 4,241 | ||||||
| paraná-la plata, south america | 2,630 | 4,232 | ||||||
| mekong, asia | 2,610 | 4,200 | ||||||
| niger, africa | 2,580 | 4,152 | ||||||
| missouri-red rock, united states | 2,564 | 4,125 | ||||||
| yenisey, russia | 2,500 | 4,028 | ||||||
| mississippi, united states | 2,348 | 3,778 | ||||||
| murray-darling, australia | 2,310 | 3,718 | ||||||
| volga, russia | 2,290 | 3,685 | ||||||
| madeira, south america | 2,013 | 3,240 | ||||||
| purus, south america | 1,995 | 3,211 | ||||||
| yukon, alaska-canada | 1,979 | 3,185 | ||||||
| zambezi, africa | 1,950 | 3,138 | ||||||
| săo francisco, brazil | 1,930 | 3,106 | ||||||
| saint lawrence, canada-united states | 1,900 | 3,058 | ||||||
| rio grande, mexico-united states | 1,885 | 3,034 | ||||||
| syrdar'ya-naryn, asia | 1,859 | 3,034 | ||||||
| indus, asia | 1,800 | 2,897 | ||||||
| danube, europe | 1,775 | 2,857 | ||||||
| brahmaputra, asia | 1,700 | 2,736 | ||||||
| tocantins, brazil | 1,677 | 2,699 | ||||||
| salween, asia | 1,675 | 2,696 | ||||||
| euphrates, asia | 1,650 | 2,655 | ||||||
| xi jiang, china | 1,650 | 2,655 | ||||||
| amudar'ya, asia | 1,616 | 2,601 | ||||||
| nelson-saskatchewan, canada | 1,600 | 2,575 | ||||||
| orinoco, south america | 1,600 | 2,575 | ||||||
| paraguay, south america | 1,584 | 2,549 | ||||||
| kolyma, russia | 1,562 | 2,514 | ||||||
| ganges, asia | 1,550 | 2,494 | ||||||
| ural, russia-kazakhstan | 1,509 | 2,428 | ||||||
| japurá, south america | 1,500 | 2,414 | ||||||
| arkansas, united states | 1,450 | 2,334 | ||||||
| colorado, united states-mexico | 1,450 | 2,334 | ||||||
| negro, south america | 1,400 | 2,253 | ||||||
| dnieper, russia-belarus-ukraine | 1,368 | 2,202 | ||||||
| orange, africa | 1,350 | 2,173 | ||||||
| irrawaddy, burma | 1,325 | 2,132 | ||||||
| brazos, united states | 1,309 | 2,107 | ||||||
| ohio-allegheny, united states | 1,306 | 2,102 | ||||||
| kama, russia | 1,252 | 2,031 | ||||||
| don, russia | 1,222 | 1,967 | ||||||
| red, united states | 1,222 | 1,966 | ||||||
| columbia, united states-canada | 1,214 | 1,953 | ||||||
| tigris, asia | 1,181 | 1,901 | ||||||
| darling, australia | 1,160 | 1,867 | ||||||
| angara, russia | 1,135 | 1,827 | ||||||
| songhua jiang (sungari), asia | 1,130 | 1,819 | ||||||
| pechora, russia | 1,124 | 1,809 | ||||||
| snake, united states | 1,038 | 1,670 | ||||||
| churchill, canada | 1,000 | 1,609 | ||||||
| pilcomayo, south america | 1,000 | 1,609 | ||||||
| uruguay, south america | 994 | 1,600 | ||||||
| platte-north platte, united states | 990 | 1,593 | ||||||
| ohio, united states | 981 | 1,578 | ||||||
| magdalena, colombia | 956 | 1,538 | ||||||
| pecos, united states | 926 | 1,490 | ||||||
| oka, russia | 918 | 1,477 | ||||||
| canadian, united states | 906 | 1,458 | ||||||
| colorado, texas, united states | 894 | 1,439 | ||||||
| dniester, ukraine-moldova | 876 | 1,410 | ||||||
| fraser, canada | 850 | 1,369 | ||||||
| rhine, europe | 820 | 1,319 | ||||||
| northern dvina, russia | 809 | 1,302 | ||||||
| ottawa, canada | 790 | 1,271 | ||||||
| principal natural lakes | ||||||||
| area in sq. kms. | max. depth in meters |
|||||||
| caspian sea, asia | 370,999 | 995 | ||||||
| lake superior, united states-canada | 82,414 | 405 | ||||||
| lake victoria, africa | 69,215 | 82 | ||||||
| lake huron, united states-canada | 59,596 | 228 | ||||||
| lake michigan, united states | 58,016 | 281 | ||||||
| aral sea, kazakhstan-uzbekistan | 41,000 | 65 | ||||||
| lake tanganyika, africa | 32,764 | 1,433 | ||||||
| lake baykal, russia | 31,500 | 1,620 | ||||||
| great bear lake, canada | 31,328 | 413 | ||||||
| lake nyasa (malawi), africa | 29,928 | 707 | ||||||
| great slave lake, canada | 28,570 | 614 | ||||||
| lake erie, united states-canada | 25,745 | 64 | ||||||
| lake winnipeg, canada | 24,390 | 18 | ||||||
| lake ontario, united states-canada | 19,529 | 244 | ||||||
| lake balkhash, kazakhstan | 18,340 | 27 | ||||||
| lake ladoga, russia | 17,871 | 225 | ||||||
| lake maracaibo, venezuela | 13,261 | 31 | ||||||
| lake chad, africa * | 25,900- | |||||||
| 10,360 | 8 | |||||||
| lake onega, russia | 9,741 | 115 | ||||||
| lake eyre, australia * | 9,065-0 | - | ||||||
| lake titicaca, peru-bolivia | 8,288 | 305 | ||||||
| lake nicaragua, nicaragua | 8,029 | 70 | ||||||
| lake athabasca, canada | 7,936 | 122 | ||||||
| reindeer lake, canada * | 6,651 | - | ||||||
| lake turkana (rudolf), africa | 6,379 | 73 | ||||||
| issyk-kul', kyrgyzstan | 6,281 | 702 | ||||||
| lake torrens, australia * | 5,776 | - | ||||||
| vänern, sweden | 5,584 | 100 | ||||||
| nettilling lake, canada * | 5,543 | - | ||||||
| lake winnipegosis, canada | 5,374 | 12 | ||||||
| lake mobutu sese seko (albert), africa | 5,374 | 49 | ||||||
| lake kariba, zambia-zimbabwe | 5,310 | 90 | ||||||
| lake nipigon, canada | 4,848 | 165 | ||||||
| lake mweru, democratic republic of the congo-zambia | 4,662 | 18 | ||||||
| lake manitoba, canada | 4,659 | 4 | ||||||
| lake taymyr, russia | 4,499 | 26 | ||||||
| lake khanka, china-russia | 4,403 | 10 | ||||||
| lake kioga, uganda | 4,403 | 8 | ||||||
| lake of the woods, united states-canada | 4,349 | 21 | ||||||
| * figures subject to great seasonal variations | ||||||||