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The Water (Prevention And Control Of Pollution) Act, 1974 :-
This act came on the Statute book in pursuance of clause (1) of Article 252 of the Indian Constitution. The main sources of water pollution are -
Domestic water pollution, Industrial water pollution, Agricultural water pollution, Solid waste pollution, Thermal pollution, Shipping water pollution & Radioactive water pollution.
Important provisions of this Act :-
1. Constitution of Central Board under section 3 which states that the Central Government by notification in the Official Gazette, appoint, constitute a Central Board to be known as Central Pollution Control Board to discharge the powers and funtions of this Act.
Section 4 states that the State Government by notification in the Official Gazette appoint , constitute a State Pollution Control Board to discharge the powers and functions of this Act.
2. Section 16 states about the various functions of Central Board & section 17 states the various functions of the State Board.
3. Sections 20, 21, 23, 30, 33 & 33A states the various powers of the State Board.
4. Sections 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 45A, 47 & 48 provides various punishments & penalties under this Act. The punishments may include imprisonment for a term of 3 months or with fine which may include 10 thousand rupees or both. In certain cases punishments are with imprisonment
which shall not be less than one year & six months but which may extend to six years and with fine. In case of offences by Companies & Government Departments they will be punished accordingly but no person shall be liable to punishment if he proves that the offence was commited without his knowledge or that he exercised all due deligence to prevent the commission of such offence.
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