TUESDAY’S NOV.30TH
TEST ANSWERS FOR QUESTIONS 1-15 OF CHAPTERS 9 & 10
USA AREA STUDIES OUTLINE: Chapter
9 pages 38-44
History of Blacks <- Began in August 1619, when a small Dutch warship came to(1) Jamestown, Virginia.
Indentured Service <-(2) the ownership of a person’s labor for a period of time by another person or group of people. A lot of Englishmen came to America this way to work off the debt of passage to the New World.
20
Blacks <-
and other white people were on the ship but none were slaves, they were
“indentured service”
workers.
Period
of Service <-
at the end of their time of service, they were free men, able to marry, own
property and exercise all
rights and responsibilities
of citizenship
Slavery <- the
complete ownership of one person by another person;
Slave labor <- was a system used between 1640-1680
in Virginia and other southern colonies. (3) White indentured servants that had
a contract of their time for labor and day of freedom. Black indentured had no such
contract. They were indentured for life and so were their children, from birth
to death.
Slave ships <- special ships were built to carry slaves from Africa by the hundreds and thousands to the colonies.
Wealthy
Slave Trade- <- Slave owners
and slave traders of Britain and America became very wealth in slave trading.
Slavery
existed <- in all
the North American colonies. Most black slaves lived on large farms and
plantations, small
farmers also owned one or two
slaves.
The
Idea <- a revolutionary
idea (4) that all men are created equal, started the change to
do something about
slavery.
Not
profitable <-
slavery wasn’t always profitable, they had to be fed all year round, some found
it cheaper to hire
day laborers when needed.
Some sold off their slaves to plantation owners in West Indies, Virginia
and the Carolinas.
Advocates <- including
Patrick Henry, George Washington and Thomas Jefferson has slaves but were
against
the mistreatments in slavery.
Washington wrote a provision in his will to free his slaves.
Pseudoism <- in some
religious and science groups deemed the blacks to be inferior race of people.
This is very
sad.
Double
Trouble <- one part of the struggle
was “personal achievement”- a chance to use one’s talents and abilities to
gain a secure, respected
place in society. The second part, was to “cast off” the yoke of slavery that
oppressed all blacks- free
and captive.
Campaigns <- for freedom and dignity for all
blacks. 1.) Benjamin Banneker, a famous astronomer, mathematician,
author an inventor, Also design the city of Washington D.C.; 2.) Paul Cuffe, became wealthy through farming and shipping.
He freed blacks and even organized the “Friendly Society” to help former slaves
go back to Africa as free people to set up a new nation, the Republic of
Liberia. About 11,000 American blacks moved to Liberia. 3.) Frederick
Douglas, an escaped slave at 21 became an “abolitionists”- people trying to
end slavery. He was a great writer and public speaker, demanded freedom and
complete equality for all blacks. He and other white abolitionists helped
blacks to escape slavery and also had the idea to start the Union’s first “all
black” regiment called the 54th Massachusetts that fought in the
Civil War.
1ST
Fugitive Slave Law <- 1780,
required the authorities of all states and territories to arrest and return
fugitive slaves.
(5)
Underground Railroad
->
a system for slaves to escape to the
North. “Depots” were hiding places for slaves.
“Stockholders” were people
that provided the money. “Conductors” were guides who led fugitives
along the escape routes to
the North.
2nd
Fugitive Slave Law <- 1850, passed
by Congress. (6) Severe penalties to anyone
assisting fugitive slaves.
Harriet Tubman <- an escaped slave; over
10 years she made 19 trips into slave states and guided 300 men, women and
children to freedom, even at far North to Canada for them not to be touched by
the law.
The
Civil War <-
broke out in April, 1861. A war between the (blues) Union states of the North
against the
Confederacy (the grays) of
the states of the South. A ½ million slaves escaped to the North at this
time.
Abraham Lincoln <- issued the “Emancipation
Proclamation”, declaring that slaves in states at war against the United States
(the North) were free.
Freedom
<- came to the
slaves in 1865 at the end of the Civil War, when Congress passed (7) the 13th
Amendment to the
Constitution, which abolished slavery. Also passed was (8)
the 14th
Amendment, that gave
blacks full citizenship rights.
(9)
Racial Segregation <- whites were totally against the rights for blacks. In the
South, blacks had to use separate
schools, churches,
hospitals, parks, swimming pools, lunchrooms, washrooms, bus sections
and theater section.
Lynching”, the illegal killing (by hanging) of people for real or imagined
crimes, greatly increased.
A lot of blacks moved from the South to cities up North.
Breakthroughs <-
for blacks in education, science, sports, entertainment, business, engineering,
music and the arts.
1.) Dr. Charles Drew, advanced medical science,
saved millions of live in WWII by his discovery of a way to preserve blood.
2.) Dr. Ralph Bunche, Undersecretary General of
the United Nations, save countless lives by promoting peace in the Middle East.
He received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1950.
USA- AREA STUDIE OUTLINE: Chapter 10 pages
44-48 Mark & Map Textbook
(Circled Object Words) Underlined Definitions & Facts
Black Talent <- in the arts and music flowered in the
1920’s, 30’s and 40’s (10) in Harlem
within New York City.
Harlem Renaissance <- produced novels, inspired poetry,
philosophical writings by Alain Locke, the first black to win an Rhodes
scholarship to Oxford University in England, the music of Duke Ellington, Louis
Armstrong, singers and painters.
Great
Depression <- in the
1930’s was difficult for all Americans, more for blacks. When welfare
aid or jobs were given out, (11) the whites got them first, the blacks had to wait or get none
at all.
World War II (12) <- caused an employment boom for both whites and blacks.
And a lot of blacks and whites signed up to go to war, but the whites went to
training camps and the blacks had to wait. 4,000 blacks were serving in the
forces but only in support units such as; supply, construction, food service
and transportation.
“Soldiers not servants” <- On (13) December
1, 1941
the blacks were given full rights to serve in the Army and Air Force. The 332nd
Fighter Group that served in France and Germany were awarded the
Distinguished Unit Citation, individual pilots received a total of 904 medals.
They symbolized the blacks struggle for full equality and the end of
segregation in the armed forces.
Black Leaders <- felt that people themselves
would have
to take action to end discrimination an denial of civil rights. Rosa Parks was
arrested because she would not give up her seat on a bus to a white person.
NAACP (14) <- the National
Association for the Advancement
of Colored People, planned a course of action
to end segregation on buses by boycotting school bus services that bused
children to schools outside their neighborhoods. This went on for a year and it
worked. A lot of different people and churches helped to take students to
school, but the bus company’s lost a lot of money. This was an non-violent
protest in Montgomery, Alabama in the late 1950’s. On November 13, 1956, the
Supreme Court decided that segregation on buses was unconstitutional.
Martin Luther King Jr. <- who could move millions to action and touch the conscience of
the nation took another step to extend Civil Rights. In 1963, King and
thousands of marchers went to Birmingham, Alabama to do a non-violent march in
this bad discriminatory city. But the police arrested 1,000 marchers, later the
police got dogs and clubs to stop marchers. Because of all the news, the city
finally desegregated their public facilities. On August 28, 1963 King marched
again in the nation’s capital city of Washington D.C. with over 250,000 people
of all races to demand that the government keep it’s promise of “justice for
all”.
I Have a Dream… <- King’s greatest speech
of two dreams; (15) the first, that one day the sons of former slaves and slaveholders
would sit together at one table. The second dream, that his four children would not be judged because of the color of their
skin but by the content of their character.
Assassinated- <-
King was assassinated on April 4, 1968. A true hero of the Civil Rights Movement. This
caused riots in several cities in the United States.
Black Middle Class <-
continues to grow. 1989 there were 44% blacks held “white color” jobs—managerial,
professional and administrative positions rather than service jobs or jobs
requiring physical labor.
Education- <- 23.5% of
blacks between
the ages of 18 and 24 have enrolled in colleges and universities. A lot get
academic and sport scholarships for hard work and talents.
Government- <- Some blacks have
achieved
great heights in government, Colan Powell, is the secretary of state to
President George W. Bush, Miss Rice is the President’s advisor to the state.
There are several governors of states and mayors of some of the largest cities
in the USA.
Important People- <-
three of the past were Booker T. Washington – founder of Tuskegee Institute
(education), George Washington Carver-world renown botanist, and Mary
McLeod Bethune - promoter of equal education for black women. present
time are 1983, Guion S. Bluford Jr. a black astronaut went to space,
1988, Jesse Jackson once an aid to Mr. King, was a contender for the
Democratic Party to run for president; 1991 Douglas Wilder, the first
black governor to announce his bid to run for the presidency.