OUTLINE: Chapter One Pages 4-7

A. Early Peoples of the Americas [BOX] Par. 1-5

NATIVE AMERICANS: millions of people lived in North, Central and South America for thousands of years before the

(CIRCLE) arrival of Europeans. (UNDERLINE)

FIRST AMERICANS: may have come from Asia. They may have crossed over an 96 kilometer stretch of land that dried up

after the Ice Age when hunters followed herds of animals for food and clothing.

MIGRATIONS: from Asia took place in Prehistoric times. Scientists believe it happened between 10,000 to 50, 000 years ago.

BERING STRAIT: was the name of the place where the people crossed over from Asia into North America.

B. The Many Cultures of the Americas Par. 1-3

CULTURE: of early Americans varied with their environment, climate and resources.

TRIBES: were groups of Native Americans that lived in North America.

EMPIRES: were civilizations located in Central and South America covered thousands of miles. Corn main food.

C. The Mayans Par. 1-3 (Central America)

EMPIRE: they lived in parts of Central America (Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador, Honduras)

CITIES & STREETS: were built out of stone without cement; very skillful engineers that also built pyramids.

RELIGION: was important to their culture; there were scholars, architects, mathematicians and invented symbols that they used in writing and mathematics, the “zero” was one of them.

D. The Aztecs Par.1-4 (Mexico)

POWERFUL: civilization located in Mexico. By 1500 they conquered & ruled most of Mexico with series of forts.

MERCHANTS: traded jade, feathers, precious stone, seashells, cotton, and cocoa beans throughout the empire. They also made fine ornaments of gold, silver and copper. They mainly depended upon corn grown by farmers.

WORSHIPPED: many gods, including a sun god. They believed in human sacrifices to this god. To please

the sun, they killed thousands of people.

E. The Incas Par. 1,2 (South America)

INCA RULER: this civilization was located along the west coast of South America, became one of the largest empires in the world by 1530. The ruler had great wealth in gold and silver. Below him were the upper class of nobles and priests.

FARMERS: were ordinary people that grew crops. 1/3 went to the government, another 1/3 went to the priests, and the remaining 1/3 they kept for themselves.

PART TIME: work for the government, and helped build bridges and roads over steep mountains and valleys.

F. How We Know About Native American Life Par. 1

EUROPEAN: explorers and settlers gave reports of these empires.

RECORDED: by Native Americans after their conquests.

LEARNED: by studying tools, buildings, and works of art they left behind.

DECORATIONS: on jewelry and stone carvings.

BURIED LAYERS: scientists can learn how they lived by their remains.

W2K: Migrations, culture, environment, tribes, empires, civilizations, built, to grow crops, handcrafted, (add more words >),

REVIEWING NEW TERMS: (page 7)

For each term in column A , match it with column B and write in your exercise book.

READING FOR A PURPOSE

Read and answer questions 1,2 and 3 in writing in your exercise book and to talk about them in class.

SEE WHAT YOU READ:

At certain periods during the Pleistocene epoch, the temperatures turned cold enough to freeze much of the earth’s water into ice. The sea level dropped as much as 90 m (300 ft) and the shallow Bering Strait between Alaska and Siberia became a natural land bridge on which grazing animals, and the humans who stalked them, passed. Most anthropologists believe that Native Americans descend from Asian peoples who moved into North America by way of this land bridge.

Located at the northeastern end of the Yucatбn Peninsula in Mexico, the Maya city of Tulum was once one of the great cities of Maya civilization. The city was built during the 13th century, 1000 years after the zenith of the culture. Anthropologists still do not know what caused the decline of the civilization. Ruins of cities like Tulum reveal fascinating aspects of the culture that once thrived in southern Mexico and Central America. Temples such as the one in the background were used by the Maya in religious ceremonies honoring their many gods and goddesses.

This museum model shows the pyramids and religious buildings at the heart of Tenochtitlбn, the capital of the Aztec Empire. The map on the wall shows Tenochtitlбn’s location on an island in Lake Texcoco. Forces under the command of Spanish explorer Hernбn Cortйs conquered the city in 1521 and built Mexico City on the ruins. Lake Texcoco gradually disappeared—buried beneath the streets of the expanding city.

The ruins of Machu Picchu, near Cuzco, are the remains of an ancient city of the Inca Empire. The civilization, based in southern Peru, dates to 1200. The Inca mastered architecture, road building, and astronomy and were noted for their code of laws and advanced system of government.

TARGET STUDY CODE for marking information in your textbooks; do the following –

[ BOX ] = the “BOLD SUBJECT TITLES” and letter each boxed title alphabetically.

(CIRCLE) = the “(OBJECT WORDS)” in each paragraph.

UNDERLINE = the definition, description and/or facts about the circled (WORDS OF OBJECT).

FOR EXAMPLE, SEE SECTION A, above.