A. England, France, and the Netherlands Follow Spain to the New World [Box]

( Circle ) U n d e r l I n e

Spain’s fame - taking gold and silver from the Americas

The Monarch - the English was not pleased with the Spanish, the Queen encouraged sea captains to attack and rob Spanish ships

Francis Drake: - of England raided Spanish settlements & ships along the Pacific coast of South America. Unsafe to return, he heads north to California coast. He claimed the land for England and his voyages took 3 years to complete.

Drake’s return - welcomed as a hero, Queen Elizabeth I, knighted him to become Sir Francis Drake.

King of Spain - was furious, he assembled the world’s largest fleet called the “Armada”, to invade England and overtake the Queen.

The Armada - the Armada consisted of 130 ships, 30,000 men. But Sir Drake had smaller and lighter ships, defeated Spain. The defeat and loss ended Spain’s leadership as a major sea power.

B. England’s First American Settlement

Elizabeth I - interested on having settlements on unclaimed land in America.

Sir Walter Raleigh - was granted by the Queen to establish a settlement. The first expedition was in Roanoke Island (North Carolina)

Roanoke Island - 1587, another party of English men and women formed a small settlement in Roanoke Island also. The leaders

Had to return to England to get supplies. When they came back 3 years later, they found the settlement empty, no one knows why.

C. French Settlements

France - after the decline of Spanish sea power, the French attacked Spanish settlements and established it’s own colonies. Soon thereafter, the Spanish fought back and drove out the French from their settlements.

New France - a new French colony along the St. Lawrence River and the Great Lakes

Samuel de Champlain - founded the city of Quebec. He also started settlements in Maine and Nova Scotia and explored the Great Lakes.

Louisiana - Luis Joliet and Father Marquette traveled southward from Lake Michigan to the Mississippi Missouri Rivers. Robert La Salle sailed down the Mississippi Rive in 1672 to the mouth of the Gulf of Mexico. He named the are “Louisiana” after King Louis XIV. France claimed all this land, it later became the “Louisiana Purchase” when America bought this land from the French.

Roman Catholics - these were the only people who could settle in French colonies. The King directed their activities and took a share of their profits. They trapped animals and sold their furs. When they saved enough money to buy farms in France, they left the colonies and returned to France.

D. Dutch and Swedish Settlements

Henry Hudson - established the Netherlands’ claims to land in 1609. He sailed over 100 miles up the river that we now call the “Hudson River”. He also was looking for an “all-water route” to Asia. The Dutch established a trading post, Fort Orange (Albany, New York).

New Netherlands - a colony established on both sides of the Hudson River, it’s capital was New Amsterdam.

Patroons - each patroon person was to bring 50 settlers to the colony.

New Sweden - was founded by a Swedish trading company in 1638. Fort Christina (Wilmington) was built on the Delaware River.

The Swedes built log cabins and other settlers used their methods of building. The Dutch overtook New Sweden and made it a Dutch colony.

E. What was the Atlantic Voyage Like?

The Voyage - Leading European powers claimed their colonies but needed more settlers to live and work in them. It took 5 to 6 weeks to travel to America from Europe and the ships were filled with people, food, animals and other cargo. Living quarter below deck were filthy, food ran short and spoiled, health was very poor. A weak ones died, the strong completed the voyage. Yet Europeans came by the thousands to start a new life in America.

F. Economic Reasons for Coming to America

Poor Settlers - They hoped that America would provide a better life for themselves, their children.

Europe - peasants owned a small piece of land or worked on the estate of a noble, their income was very small. They had to pay heavy taxes to the noble, the government and to the Church. They were poor for life. To go to America and live in the wilderness was better than living in Europe poor.

Indentured Servants - people agreed to work without pay for a certain number of years for the person who paid their passage. After working for the agreed time, indentured servants were free. The Master (that paid for their passage) was expected to provide clothes, tools, or money and sometimes land for free males.

Families - began their own farms, a lot of them made a good living. Skilled craftsmen also prospered and some saved large sum of money and became “merchants and bankers”. The third way to be wealthy was to buy land and then sell it at a higher price.

G. Religious Freedom

Religious Persecution - many came to America to escape religious persecution (unfair and cruel treatment) for their religious beliefs. There were disagreements shook the Roman Catholic Church and New Churches were formed.

Protestants - protested against the practices of the Roman Catholic Church. Each European country had their one leader, that had one kind of church for all his people to attend and pay to support the church. Whoever refused to follow were tortured, imprisoned and even put to death. So, people came to America to have freedom to worship.

H. Political Persecution

Political Persecution - is harsh treatment for disagreeing with the government. Most European countries were ruled by one person or monarch who inherited the throne. Some were “unjust rulers’.

I. Transportation

Convicts - England sent people that were in prison to America to empty the cells and they were not to return. A debtor, had to stay in jail until the debt was paid. Some who were sentenced to be transported to America turned out to live good lives.

J. How Were Settlements Promoted?

Rulers - wanted settlements to support its claims.

Settlers - sent to America was their way to rid the unemployed. Settlers were expected to buy woolens and other manufactured goods that came from Great Britain.

Protestants - most of British colonist were Protestants and spread their kind of religion just like the Catholics did.

No money - the monarchs did not have enough money to support their colonies, so they put advertisements in newspapers and notices to promote settling in America. The proprietor or owner of the colony would give large plots of land to anyone who brought settlers to America. Passage money was given to1.) “indentured servants”. By 1750, the British colonies had 1 million people. Life in the British colonies was the beginning to be different from life in Great Britain.

FINDING THE REASONS

Write the answers to all the correct answers to each question in your notebook. All three may be correct.

Do questions 1-12 This will be DUE Nov. 24^th.