|
TENSE |
STRUCTURE |
EXAMPLES |
|
PRESENT: on s'en sert quand on parle de l'habitude de faire qqchose ou d'une vérité générale. -Mots-Clé: les adverbes de fréquence - always, usually, often, sometimes, occasionally, rarely, hardly ever, never; et every ... (indiquant une habitude) |
Aff: S + V S (3ième pers.sing.) + V-(e)s (N.B.-3ième pers.sing. de have: has) Neg: S + don't + V S(3ième pers.sing.) + doesn't + V
Int: Do + S + V Does + S (3ième pers. sing.) + V |
I have 2 brothers. He works at Bell Canada.
We don't live in Montreal. She doesn't always take the train.
Do you like playing soccer? Does it rain a lot in your country? |
|
PAST: on s'en sert quand on parle d'une action terminée.
-Mots-Clé: n'importe quel mot qui signifie un temps spécifique dans le passé - yesterday, last week, two days ago, when I was 5 years old ... |
Aff: S + V-ed S + forme irrégulière du verbe
Neg: S + didn't + V
Int: Did + S + V ... ? |
I called you yesterday. We saw a movie last weekend. They didn't arrive until yesterday. I didn't have any breakfast this morning. Did you receive any Christmas gifts? Did you do well on your exam? |
|
Faites Attention! - La structure du verbe TO BE est spéciale dans le PRESENT et PAST. |
TO BE (PRESENT TENSE) Affirmative Negative Interrogative I am I'm not Am I...? You are You're not Are you...? He(She/It) is He isn't Is he...? We are We aren't Are we...? They are They aren't Are they...? |
I'm tired today. He's never late for work.
It isn't normally this cold. I'm not interested in politics.
Are you hungry? Is she married? |
|
|
TO BE (PAST TENSE) Affirmative Negative Interrogative I was I wasn't Was I...? You were You weren't Were you...? He(She/It) was He wasn't Was he...? We were We weren't Were we...? They were They weren't Were they...? |
He was sick last week. We were in Hawaii during the holidays.
He wasn't in his office on Friday. They weren't at the party last night.
Why were you late this morning? Who was the first man on the moon? |
|
PRESENT CONTINUOUS (PROGRESSIVE): on s'en sert quand on parle d'une action qui est en train de se faire maintenant ou ces temps-ci.
-Mots-Clé: right now, at the moment, presently ... |
BE(present)+ Present Participle(V-ing)
Aff: S + am / is / are + V-ing
Neg: S + am not / isn't/aren't + V-ing
Int: Am / Is / Are + S + V-ing ... ? |
Mr. Smith is having dinner now. She is studying English this afternoon. I'm not eating any chocolate this week - I'm trying to lose weight. Are you working now? Is she staying with her sister? |
|
PAST CONTINUOUS (PROGRESSIVE): exprime une action qui était en train de se faire quand une autre a eu lieu.
|
BE(past) + Present Participle(V-ing)
Aff: S + was / were + V-ing
Neg: S + wasn't / weren't + V-ing
Int: Was / Were + S + V-ing ... ? |
I was working in my basement when I heard the explosion. The telephone rang while I was taking a shower. I wasn't looking when the puck hit me in the teeth. Were you living here last September? |
|
Faites Attention! Il y a des verbes qui ne sont guère utilisés au temps CONTINUOUS: be,seem,need,owe,want; verbes de possession(have,own,possess, belong); verbes de sensations involontaires (see,hear,feel,taste,smell); et les verbes de pensée (think, remember,forget,know,understand) |
Examples: I only have $3 right now. He is sick at the moment. Do you hear that strange noise? It seems quite hot in here. I don't think we have enough time. I'm sorry but I forget your name. I was in bed when the bomb exploded. |
Cependant, on trouve des situations qui sont des exceptions à l'exception!
Are you having a good time here? (ici le verbe have est utilisé dans un sens idiomatique, pas dans un sens de possession). |
|
PRESENT PERFECT (3 APPLICATIONS): on s'en sert pour i) les experiences. -Mots-Clé: ever (interrogative), never (negative), times, before. - N.B.- pour l'experience, on remplace le participe passé du verbe GO (GONE) avec BEEN |
HAVE(present) + Past Participle (V-ed)
Aff: S + have / has + V-ed
Neg: S + haven't / hasn't + V-ed
Int: Have / Has + S + (ever) V-ed ... ? |
He has visited the Taj Mahal 3 times. We have met before, haven't we?
I've never eaten monkey brains. She's never driven a car.
Have you ever been to Europe? Have you ever failed a course? |
|
ii) les actions qui ont commencées dans le passé et qui continuent jusqu' au présent. -Mots-Clé (obligatoire): How long?, for (+ durée) since (+ temps spécifique) -N.B.-PRESENT PERFECT(ii) est souvent remplacé par PRESENT PERFECT CONT. |
Aff: S + have / has + V-ed ... + for + (durée) since + (temps spécifique) Neg: S + haven't / hasn't + V-ed ... + for(in) + (durée) since + (temps spécifique) Int: How long have / has + S + V-ed ...? |
I have lived in Montreal for 2 years. He has played hockey since he was ten years old. I haven't heard from him for a month. She hasn't written to me in almost a year. How long have you been married? How long has he worked for X company? |
|
iii) les actions qui ont une liaison indirecte avec le présent. -Mots-Clé: yet (interr. + neg.), already (aff.), just, recently. -N.B.- PRESENT PERFECT (iii) est souvent remplacé par PAST dans la langue parlée. |
Aff: S + have / has + (already) + V-ed
Neg: S + haven't / hasn't +V-ed..(yet).
Int: Have / has + S + V-ed ...(yet)? |
I've already eaten dinner. He's just finished his homework. We haven't seen the newspaper yet. They haven't come to see us recently. Have you read the new book by Mary Higgins Clark yet? Has he started his English course yet? |
|
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS: on s'en sert pour exprimer les mêmes actions que PRESENT PERFECT (ii). La seule différence est que les MOTS-CLÉ ne sont pas obligatoires. |
HAVE BEEN + Present Participle (V-ing)
Aff: S + have / has + been + V-ing
Neg: S + haven't / hasn't + been + V-ing
Int: Have / Has + S + been + V-ing ... ? |
I've been eating too much lately. He's been working there for 2 years. She hasn't been studying enough - she has been too busy with her job. He hasn't been playing hockey since he was injured. How long have you been playing piano? |
|
FUTURE (WILL + VERB): exprime les actions impersonnelles dans le futur (on s'en sert quand on veut éviter de colorer l'action avec nos émotions). On l'utilise aussi quand on prend une décision rapide. |
Aff: S + will + V
Neg: S + won't + V
Int: Will + S + V ... ? |
I'll call you tomorrow (quick decision). It will be cloudy tomorrow. The recession won't continue much longer. He won't attend the conference. Will you see your parents during the holidays? |
|
FUTURE (BE GOING TO + VERB): exprime les actions dans le futur qui ont une importance (plus ou moins) personnelle. On s'en sert, donc, pour exprimer les intentions, la détermination, et la certitude, les émotions .... N.B. - Dans la langue parlée, GOING TO est souvent remplacé par GONNA. |
BE(present) + GOING TO + VERB
Aff: S + am / are / is + going to + V
Neg: S + am not / aren't / isn't + going to + V
Int: Am / Are / Is + S + going to + V ...? |
I'm going to meet my girlfriend tonight. He's gonna be angry if you tell him. They're going to call us to confirm. He isn't going to arrive today. We aren't going to accept "no" for an answer. Am I gonna die, doc? Are we going to have a test tomorrow? |
|
N.B. Pour les actions cédulées, on remplace souvent la forme BE GOING TO par PRESENT CONTINUOUS. Pour les itinéraires de voyage, on peut se servir du PRESENT.
|
|
I'm meeting my girlfriend tonight. He isn't arriving today. Are we having a test tomorrow?
I fly to New York on Thursday, then I go to Washington on Monday, and I return to Montreal next Tuesday. (itinéraire) |
Return to the NoNonsense Homepage
Contact me at: englishprof@angelfire.com
NoNonsense English
© Copyright 1999 by Eric Squire