|
Wireless technology is evolving at such a pace that it is
often difficult to keep up with the latest terms and acronyms.
This section of the site aims to resolve this by clearly
defining and explaining the terms and technologies.
GSM Association is pleased to acknowledge Motorola as the
source of this information. This glossary was compiled by
Motorola unless otherwise stated.
Bluetooth
CAMEL
- Customised Applications for Mobile Networks Enhanced
Logic
Cellular
Cassette
Dual
Band
e-Commerce
- Electronic Commerce
EDGE
- Enhanced Data for GSM Evolution
EFR
- Enhanced Full Rate
GPRS
- GSM Packet Radio Service
GPS
- Global Positioning System.
H.323
HSCSD
- High Speed Circuit Switched Data
HTML
- Hypertext markup language
http
- Hypertext transfer protocol
iDEN®
IMT-2000
- International Mobile Telecommunications-2000
IP
and VoIP - Internet Protocol and Voice over Internet
Protocol
IRIDIUM®
Java™
Java
Card
MeXe
- Mobile Execution Environment
Mobile
e-Commerce
SIM
Toolkit - Subscriber Identity Module Application
Toolkit
Smart
Cards
Smart
Phones
Symbian
Telematics
TIPHON
- Telecommunications and Internet Protocol Harmonisation over
Networks
Tri-Band
TrueSync
UMTS
- Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
Unified
Messaging
UP
- Unwired Planet®
VoiceXML™
- (Supplied by the VoiceXML™ Forum)
WAP
- Wireless Application Protocol
Wireless
Enterprise
Bluetooth
Bluetooth is a low power
radio technology being developed with the objective of
replacing the wires currently used to connect electronic
devices such as personal computers, printers and a wide
variety of handheld devices such as palm top computers and
mobile phones.
The development of Bluetooth began in
early 1998 and was led by a number of telecommunications and
computer industry leaders. Motorola is a member of the
Bluetooth Special Interest Group. The Bluetooth specification
will be open and royalty-free, and available to anyone who
wishes to use it in their products.
Bluetooth operates
in the 2.4GHz ISM (Industrial, Scientific, Medical) band and
devices equipped with Bluetooth should be capable of
exchanging data at speeds up to 720kbit/s at ranges up to 10
metres. This is achieved using a transmission power of 1mW and
the incorporation of frequency hopping to avoid interference.
If the receiving device detects that the transmitting device
is closer than 10 metres it will automatically modify its
transmitting power to suit the range. The device should also
shift to a low-power mode as soon as traffic volume becomes
low or ceases altogether.
Bluetooth devices are capable
of linking together to form piconets, each of which can have
up to 256 units, with one master and seven slaves live while
the rest are in standby modes. Piconets can overlap and slaves
can be shared. A form of scatternet can be established with
piconets overlapping allowing data to migrate across the
networks.
Further information: http://www.gsmworld.com/cgi/bounce.pl5/www.bluetooth.com
Back
to glossary index
CAMEL - Customised Applications for
Mobile Networks Enhanced Logic
CAMEL is a GSM
feature name for including IN (Intelligent Network) functions
into a GSM system. CAMEL is used when roaming between
networks, allowing the home network to monitor and control
calls made by its subscribers. The feature allows numbers
dialled to be modified during call set-up, and monitoring of
call answer and cleardown. Possible applications include
pre-paid roaming services, fraud control, special numbers
(e.g. 123 for voicemail works everywhere) and closed user
groups (office extension numbers work everywhere). CAMEL has
been standardised in three phases, the first of which is
starting to be deployed now.
Back
to glossary index
Cellular Cassette
The
cellular cassette is an accessory to a satellite mobile
handset, enabling interoperation with the GSM network and
essentially creating a dual mode handset. The handset can be
set to either mode, or to automatic mode, when it will search
for the GSM network first. If that is not available, it will
automatically switch to the satellite network.
Back
to glossary index
Dual Band
Dual band refers to
the capability of GSM network infrastructure and handsets to
operate across two frequency bands. The first dual band GSM
network infrastructure and dual-band capable handsets were
available from Motorola in 1997, with the first dual band
900/1800MHz European networks implemented the same
year.
Dual band technology enables a network operator
with spectrum at both 900MHz and 1800MHz to support the
seamless use of dual band handsets across both frequencies. By
supporting seamless handovers between 900MHz and 1800MHz, dual
band networks can provide major benefits in terms of capacity
enhancement and revenue optimisation through the introduction
of new services.
Back to glossary index
e-Commerce - Electronic
Commerce
e-commerce is the broad definition of the
new phenomenon of remote commercial transactions using
telecommunications and the Internet. People are increasingly
shopping for goods and services through the Internet, with
suppliers developing specialist web sites that allow potential
customers to ‘browse’ as if they were in a department store.
The location of the supplier is irrelevant, they can be in the
same country or many thousands of miles away. The take-up of
e-commerce was inhibited by fears about the security of
Internet transactions but advances in the encryption process
have largely addressed these concerns and the e-commerce
market is set to flourish. A key element in the success of
e-commerce will be the forging of alliances and partnerships
between the different operators, Internet Service Providers
(ISP), content providers and vendors.
Back
to glossary index
EDGE - Enhanced Data for GSM
Evolution
EDGE, which is currently being
standardised within the European Telecommunications Standards
Institute (ETSI), represents the final evolution of data
communications within the GSM standard. EDGE uses a new
modulation scheme to enable data throughput speeds of up to
384kbit/s using existing GSM infrastructure.
As
384kbit/s is the data speed being offered in the first phase
of third generation deployment, EDGE could offer an
alternative route for GSM operators who will not have third
generation licences.
Back
to glossary index
EFR - Enhanced Full
Rate
Enhanced Full Rate is one of the key features
in developing new markets for differentiation of speech
quality between existing GSM networks and new networks which
have EFR infrastructure and mobiles. EFR not only enables the
GSM operator to differentiate its product from existing
networks it also allows it to better address wireline ‘Minutes
of Use’ as it offers a comparable speech quality.
The
Enhanced Full Rate speech codec has been defined specifically
for speech quality purposes but a side effect of the improved
coding algorithms is that it has higher tolerance to
interference. The improved interference tolerance can in turn
be sacrificed for higher system loading without subscribers
noticing a degradation in overall speech quality.
Back
to glossary index
GPRS - GSM Packet Radio
Service
GPRS, which has been standardised by ETSI
as part of the GSM Phase 2+ development, represents the first
implementation of packet switching within GSM, which is
essentially a circuit switched technology. Rather than sending
a continuous stream of data over a permanent connection,
packet switching only utilises the network when there is data
to be sent. Using GPRS will enable users to send and receive
data at speeds of up to 115kbit/s.
The implementation
of GPRS will bring tremendous benefits to GSM network
operators. It brings Internet Protocol (IP) capability to the
GSM network for the first time and enables connection to a
wide range of public and private data networks using industry
standard data protocols such as TCP/IP and X.25. GPRS is
extremely efficient in its use of scarce spectrum resources
and enables GSM operators to introduce a wide range of value
added services for market differentiation. GPRS is ideal for
‘bursty’ type data applications such as email or Internet
access, and can also enable ‘virtual permanent connection’ to
data sources, allowing information to arrive rather than being
sought. This cannot be achieved using standard
circuit-switched networks. By upgrading their networks to
GPRS, existing GSM operators will have third generation
capable networks, as 3G will use packet switching technology.
An early move to GPRS can reduce the eventual investment
needed to make the transition to third generation.
Back
to glossary index
GPS - Global Positioning
System.
GPS refers to satellite-based radio
positioning systems that provide 24 hour three-dimensional
position, velocity and time information to suitably equipped
users anywhere on or near the surface of the Earth (and
sometimes off the earth). The NAVSTAR system, operated by the
U.S. Department of Defence, was the first GPS system widely
available to civilian users. Applications include hand-held
telematics, fleet tracking and vehicle management systems -
wireless communication devices designed for automobiles
providing drivers with personalised information, messaging,
entertainment and location-specific travel and security
services. GPS technology is used in a wide range of
applications, including maritime, environmental, navigational,
tracking and monitoring.
Back
to glossary index
H.323
H.323 is a protocol
for the transmission of real-time audio, video and data
information over packet switching-based networks. Such
networks include IP-based (including the Internet), Internet
packet exchange-based local area networks, enterprise networks
and metropolitan and wide area networks. H.323 can also be
applied to multipoint-multimedia communications. The
technology provides a vast array of services which means it
can be used in consumer, business and entertainment
applications. H.323 is an essential element in ensuring that
the compatibility of the mobile multimedia applications and
services will be introduced with the implementation of third
generation wireless technologies. The H.323 standard was
specified within the ITU-T organisation by Study Group 16. The
original standard was realised in 1996 and further
enhancements, up to Version 3, have been developed in the
intervening years.
Back
to glossary index
HSCSD - High Speed Circuit Switched
Data
GSM is currently a circuit switched technology
and HSCSD is the final evolution of circuit switched data
within the GSM environment. HSCSD will enable the transmission
of data over a GSM link at speeds of up to 57.6kbit/s.This is
achieved by cocatenating, i.e. adding together, consecutive
GSM timeslots, each of which is capable of supporting
14.4kbit/s. Up to four GSM timeslots are needed for the
transmission of HSCSD.
HSCSD is part of the planned
evolution of the GSM specification and is included in the GSM
Phase 2 development. In using HSCSD a permanent connection is
established between the called and calling parties for the
exchange of data. As it is circuit switched, HSCSD is more
suited to applications such as videoconferencing and
multimedia than ‘bursty’ type applications such as email,
which is more suited to packet switched data – see
GPRS.
Back
to glossary index
HTML - Hypertext markup
language
A script language used to describe the
text content and format of a Web Page. It includes simple
directives (called tags) which indicate the style of headings
and content text, and select other features such as pictures
or Java programs. The interpretation of the script language is
highly dependent on the web browser used, the size of the
screen and user preferences, which mean that the same HTML
script rarely looks the same on any two computers.
Back
to glossary index
http - Hypertext transfer
protocol
http is the computer handshaking protocol
used between a Web Browser and a Web Server to request and
receive a web page. The protocol operates over IP.
Back
to glossary index
iDEN®
iDEN®
technology for Integrated Digital Enhanced Networks –
Motorola’s iDEN® integrated digital wireless
solution is designed for mobile business users who need
immediate access to information and people without having to
carry several pieces of equipment. Four-in-one
iDEN® technology allows users to take full
advantage of advanced wireless technologies by combining the
capabilities of a digital cellular phone, two-way radio,
alphanumeric pager and data/fax modem in a single portable
handset.
This integration strategy provides business
professionals with flexible communications capabilities that
allow users to access information in the most convenient and
practical manner, depending on their objectives. Among the
many benefits the iDEN® solution provides is the
ability to instantly connect with one person or hundreds with
the push of a button, thus eliminating time wasting and costly
individual calls.
iDEN® systems are based on
GSM architecture, however its efficient air interface utilises
25 kHz channels which can be non-contiguous. Today,
iDEN® systems are operational in more than a dozen
countries throughout North and South America, the Middle East,
and Asia Pacific.
Back
to glossary index
IMT-2000 - International Mobile
Telecommunications-2000
IMT-2000 is the
International Telecommunications Union (ITU) concept of a
family of technological solutions that will enable the
implementation of third generation wireless communications.
The third generation of mobile technologies will operate in
the 2GHz band and will deliver advanced, multimedia-type
communications. IMT-2000 is the successor to the ITU’s
original concept of a single global third generation
technology known as Future Public Land Mobile
Telecommunications System (FPLMTS). This concept was abandoned
when the ITU recognised the impossibility of creating a single
global standard.
Back
to glossary index
IP and VoIP - Internet Protocol and
Voice over Internet Protocol
IP is a protocol used
for the transmission of information, primarily between
computers over the Internet. It works by dividing the
information to be transmitted into a number of packets and
then attaches a header to each packet containing address
information. The packet is then sent into the Internet where
it is routed to its destination. Because each packet is
treated as a separate entity, even through it might be part of
a long message, IP is said to be a connectionless packet
switched protocol. IP is well suited to the Internet as it is
designed for networks of changing structure where packets
might get lost or delayed.
Voice over IP takes standard
voice signals and encodes them using IP. At present most voice
signals are carried using circuit switched bearers where a
channel is set up and maintained between the calling and
called parties for the duration of a call. Using IP results in
a very different arrangement where the voice is divided into
packets and each packet is sent separately. The benefits of
this are that the total bandwidth required can be reduced
since nothing need be sent when the caller is not speaking.
Current interest in VoIP is primarily driven by the capability
to get international calls at local rates by routing voice
traffic over the Internet.
Long term interest in VoIP
is in the convergence of today’s networks into a single
network for voice and data traffic. This would result in
economies for the network operator and greater opportunities
to inte.g.rate voice and data services.
Back
to glossary index>
IRIDIUM®
IRIDIUM®is
a communications system comprising a constellation of 66
low-earth-orbiting (LEO) satellites forming a mobile wireless
system allowing subscribers to place and receive calls from
any location in the world.
Originally conceived and
developed by Motorola, the satellite constellation is
connected to existing terrestrial telephone systems through a
number of gateway ground-stations. IRIDIUM Inc. was
established as a separate company in 1991 to develop and
deploy the network, with Motorola as the prime contractor for
the IRIDIUM® system, supplying satellites,
gateways, and communication products. IRIDIUM®
handsets are manufactured by Motorola and Kyocera. The
IRIDIUM® system became commercially active on
November 1 1998.
Further information: http://www.gsmworld.com/cgi/bounce.pl5/www.iridium.com
Back
to glossary index
Java™
Java™ is a relatively
recent computer programming language developed by Sun. It
embodies many of the newer software development productivity
and security features, such as object-oriented design and
reuse. Java™ is designed to operate on any computer and
interprets the program as it runs. This gives added benefits
of high security, small program size traded-off by slower
execution speed. It has been very popular for use with web
browsers for these reasons, but is also finding its way into
mainstream products from PC office applications to embedded
controllers. There are four levels of Java capability which
are supersets of each other: Java Card (used on Smartcards),
Embedded Java™ (used in controllers with little or no user
display), Personal Java™ (used in handheld organisers etc) and
the full Java™.
Back
to glossary index
Java Card
In July 1997, Sun
announced the first specification of a Java Card. This
enabled, for the first time, the implementation of intelligent
agents in smart cards for mobile phones. An intelligent agent
is essentially a subset or compilation of computer code that
is designed to support a specific function or set of
functions. When the code module is launched it can be routed
to a host or card-resident application where it is validated
to serve its designated purpose. For example, a code module
might be used by a service provider to allow a subscriber to
search remotely for the telephone numbers of specific services
such as plumbers or lawyers. The user might then go off-line
to make calls to other parties. The intelligent agent would
trigger a search for the required information and, when
available, would take the data and send it to the subscriber’s
telephone smart card. Effectively, the addition of Java
modules, known as applets, enable a smart card to support all
the capabilities of a standalone computer running a specific
application program. The Java Card specification provides a
number of opportunities for smart card-based applications, and
can support 8, 16 and 32 bit microprocessors. Improved
response time on today’s faster cards - up to 32kbps - allows
for the faster downloading of more applets.
Back
to glossary index
MeXe - Mobile Execution
Environment
Likely to be based on Java technology,
MeXe will enable WAP (Wireless Application Protocol)-enabled
devices to offer a wider range of features with greater
security and flexibility. MeXe will also enable greater
control of telephony features than is possible with WAP
alone.
Back
to glossary index
Mobile e-Commerce
Mobile
e-commerce is exactly the same as e-commerce except that the
access mechanism is via a wireless phone or terminal rather
than the fixed telephone network. The security aspect of
transactions is addressed by the encryption inherent in the
GSM specification. Internet access is being addressed by
initiatives such as the Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)
which provides an easy-to-use system for Internet access from
mobile terminals.
Back
to glossary index
SIM Toolkit - Subscriber Identity
Module Application Toolkit
In the initial
realisation of GSM, the SIM card played an essentially passive
role, providing the user with the necessary authentication to
access the network and storing the GSM encryption algorithms
that ensured speech security. The SIM Toolkit extends the role
of the SIM card, making it a key interface between the mobile
terminal and the network. Using the SIM Toolkit, the SIM card
can be programmed to carry out new functions. These include
the ability to manipulate the menu structure of the mobile
terminal to provide new, tailored options – for instance the
handset could provide a menu for ‘domestic’ use and a menu for
business use. Either way, the phone becomes personalised to
the individual and therefore user-friendly.
Back
to glossary index
Smart Cards
The original GSM
Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) cards provided an individual
identity for each mobile user, handling issues such as
authentication and providing storage for basic user data and
network information. The current generation of SIM cards
contain integrated silicon chips which extend the intelligence
and capability of the card and provide the user with access to
a vast range of new card-enabled (as opposed to
network-enabled) applications. The key to smart cards is the
SIM Toolkit which is a standard set of program tools stored on
the chip within the SIM card. These tools, combined with an
application dependent code, can be used to run remote
applications downloaded by the operator and accessed via the
phone.
Back
to glossary index
Smart Phones
Traditionally
the mobile phone has been exclusively a device for voice
telephony, the paradigm being the PSTN fixed phone. As GSM
networks evolved to deliver new mobile data driven
applications, users increasingly demanded new functionality on
their mobile terminals to enable them to use these new
services effectively. Optimised for narrowband communications
and offering limited display capabilities, traditional GSM
phones were unable to satisfy these demands.
The
solution was the development and commercialisation of ‘smart
phones’, new GSM terminals with enhanced display capabilities
and new functionalities which enabled users to access their
email, faxes and company intranets easily and quickly. The
paradigm ceased to be the PSTN phone and became the palm top
or laptop computer. Smartphones have larger displays, often a
QWERTY or touch-sensitive keypad, and specialised built-in
software linked to specific services and
applications.
Back
to glossary index
Symbian
Formerly Psion
Software, Symbian is a joint venture between Psion, Ericsson,
Nokia and Motorola to promote the EPOC operating system for
wireless information devices. Symbian’s main product is EPOC
(derived from epoch – the beginning of an era), a 32-bit
operating environment which has already been proven in the
Psion Series 5 palmtop computer. EPOC comprises a suite of
applications, customisable user interfaces, connectivity
options and a range of development tools.
Symbian and
its partners are working to facilitate key mobile standards,
including Wireless Application Protocol (WAP), Bluetooth and
Java. The addition of the Starfish TrueSync technology to
Symbian's EPOC combines two technologies which have been
specifically developed to accommodate the constraints of
mobile computing and telecommunications devices while
providing intuitive, powerful applications and connectivity
with desktop and mobile devices.
Back
to glossary index
Telematics
Telematics is a
wireless communications system designed for the collection and
dissemination of data. Applications include vehicle-based
electronic systems, mobile telephony, vehicle tracking and
positioning, on-line navigation and information services and
emergency assistance. Static applications include stock
control (automatic ordering), and monitoring of utilities
meters.
Back
to glossary index
TIPHON - Telecommunications and
Internet Protocol Harmonisation over
Networks
TIPHON is an ETSI project designed to
support the market for voice communications and related voice
band communications between users. It will ensure that users
connected to IP-based networks can communicate with users on
circuit-switched networks such as GSM.
TIPHON is being
developed within ETSI by more than 40 member companies with
the goal of achieving a global standard. To achieve this goal
ETSI is working with other leading standardisation bodies such
as the ITU and the IMTC Voice over IP Activity
Group.
Back
to glossary index
Tri-Band
Specific to
handsets, a tri-band cellular phone will operate on three
different frequencies, depending on the available network.
Outside America, the GSM frequencies used are 900MHz and
1800MHz. ‘American GSM’, or PCS, operates at 1900MHz. The
introduction of tri-band phones is a further step towards true
worldwide roaming.
Back
to glossary index
TrueSync™
TrueSync,
developed by Starfish, is a technology which enables optimal
synchronisation of wireless calendars, address books, action
lists and memoranda. It provides multi-point, one-step
synchronisation of wireless and wireline devices, desktop
applications and server-based applications and services.
TrueSync allows users to enter information once anywhere and
synchronise it everywhere. It also enables the development of
ultra-thin wearable products without the loss of performance
or quality, optimising the battery life and memory capacity.
Starfish was acquired by Motorola in 1998.
Back
to glossary index
UMTS - Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System
UMTS is the European
member of the IMT2000 family of third generation cellular
mobile standards. The goal of UMTS is to enable networks that
offer true global roaming and can support a wide range of
voice, data and multimedia services. Data rates offered by
UMTS are: vehicular - 144 kbit/s; pedestrian 384 kbit/s;
in-building 2Mb/s.
These new 3G networks will build on
the success of GSM, and on the GSM operators - existing
investment in infrastructure. The first stage of service and
network evolution is from today's GSM systems, through the
implementation of GPRS, to commercial UMTS networks expected
from 2001.
Many of the original goals of UMTS are being
met by the evolving GSM standard such as global roaming and
personalised service features. The major differentiators of
UMTS are: a new air interface operating at around 2GHz which
will offer superior performance to GSM in terms of higher data
rates and capacity, and a packet-based network architecture
which supports both voice and data services.>
Back
to glossary index
Unified Messaging
In the
mobile environment, unified messaging means providing an
individual user access, through his or her mobile terminal, to
all the recognised messaging formats including voice mail,
facsimile, pager, SMS and email. In today’s working
environment, messages are received in a wide variety of
formats from a myriad of different sources. Unified messaging
brings all these different messaging formats and services
under a single umbrella, giving the user the opportunity to
manage his data and information services for maximum
benefit.
Back
to glossary index
UP - Unwired
Planet®
UP technology is advancing the
development of an increasing number of innovative, interactive
information services and applications for mass-market wireless
handheld devices. Smartphones enabled with handheld device
mark-up language (HDML) give mobile users interactive access
to high-value information published in HDML on standard Web
servers. Applications include corporate information such as
orders, billing, shipment records, inventory availability,
sales performance and any other information stored in
corporate databases; public information such as financial
news, stock quotes, airline schedules and weather forecasts
and any other information available on the Internet; and
personal information such as calendar, address book and
email.
HDML-enabled smartphones can dial mobile voice
calls under application control. Examples of data/voice
interaction include calling back the sender of a page or
calling a travel agent after receiving an alert that a flight
has been delayed. These smartphones can also route information
from Web servers to fax machines, enabling mobile users to
print invoices, electronic mail, stock charts, or other
documents.
Back
to glossary index
VoiceXML™ - (Supplied by the
VoiceXML Forum)
VoiceXML™ - Based on the World Wide Web
Consortium's industry-standard eXtensible Markup Language
(XML), VoiceXML™ provides a high-level programming interface
to speech and telephony resources for application developers,
service providers and equipment manufacturers. As such, the
language follows all of the syntactic rules of XML with
semantics that support the creation of interactive speech
applications.
Standardization of VoiceXML™ will:
simplify creation and delivery of Web-based, personalized
interactive voice-response services; enable phone and voice
access to integrated call center databases, information and
services on Web sites, and company intranets; and help enable
newvoice-capable devices and appliances. VoiceXML™ is expected
to expand access to the Internet through telephones and other
devices using both speech and ordinary touch-tone user
interfaces.
Back
to glossary index
WAP - Wireless Application
Protocol
The development of WAP is being driven by
the WAP Forum, initially founded by Motorola, Nokia, Ericsson
and Unwired Planet. Since its inception the WAP Forum has
grown dramatically and now comprises over 80 members drawn
from the world’s leading telecommunications and software
companies.
WAP is a technology designed to provide
users of mobile terminals with rapid and efficient access to
the Internet. WAP is a protocol optimised, not only for use on
the narrow band radio channels used by second generation
digital wireless systems but also for the limited display
capabilities and functionality of the display systems used by
today’s mobile terminals. WAP inte.g.rates telephony services
with microbrowsing and enables easy-to-use interactive
Internet access from the mobile handset. Typical WAP
applications include over-the-air e-commerce transactions,
online banking, information provisioning and messaging. WAP
will enable operators to develop innovative services to
provide differentiation in competitive market
environments.
Further information: http://www.gsmworld.com/cgi/bounce.pl5/www.wapforum.org
Back
to glossary index
Wireless Enterprise
Wireless
Enterprise is defined at Motorola as a total solution
delivering seamless on site and off site communications
mobility, using the same handset therefore – making the mobile
phone the primary phone. The mobile handset allows access to
corporate specific information and applications, such as
directory look up or ordering schedules/price lists. Existing
corporate numbering plan and voicemail systems are fully
integrated. The solution provides an industry standard data
capability for home and visiting laptops. A competitive tariff
package is essential.
Such solutions deliver the
business benefits of mobility to the workplace, enabling
business process applications such as Hot
Desking.
Motorola's purpose designed in-building GSM
service delivery platform -
MCell Horizon office delivers
the capacity required for this application exactly where
required. Small, discreet head units are deployed throughout
the building, connected back to a cluster controller using
existing telephony or LAN cabling.
Back
to glossary index
| 
