CHAPTER 16
THE WORLD IN CRISIS
- A GOVERNMENT RUN BY A SINGLE INDIVIDUAL WHICH SUPPRESSES FREEDOM AND CONTROLS ALL ASPECTS OF AN INDIVIDUALS LIFE
o FASCISM IS A GOOD EXAMPLE
§ DEF A POLITICAL PARTY THAT PREACHED THAT NATION AND RACE WERE MORE IMPORTANT THAN THE INDIVIDUAL
o ULTRA NATIONALISM AROSE FROM THE ASHES OF WORLD WAR I
§ POST WORLD WAR I BROUGHT REVOLUTION AS OPPOSED TO PEACE AND PROSPERITY
§
THE SEEDS OF WORLD WAR II WERE SOWN AT
· SET UP DEMOCRACY IN MANY EUROPEAN COUNTRIES BUT DID NOT HELP THE FLEDGLING DEMOCRACIES REBUILD THEIR WAR TORN ECONOMIES
-
STALIN TRANSFORMS THE SOVIET
o RESTRUCTURES AGRICULTURE AND THE INDUSTRIAL SECTORS OF THE ECONOMY
§ FREE ENTERPRISE AND INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS WERE DESTROYED
§ ALL AUTHORITY IS CENTRALIZED IN THE COMMUNIST PARTY (WHICH HE HEADED)
· ALL OPPOSITION IS PURGED
16/2
-
HITLER AND THE NATIONAL SOCIALISTS (NAZI) RISE IN
o POLITICAL CAUSES
§
EFFECTS OF
o ECONOMIC CAUSES
§ EFFECTS OF THE WORLDWIDE DEPRESSION
o HITLER PROMISES TO
§ REVIVE NATIONAL PRIDE
§ REBUILD ECONOMY
-
THE RISE OF FASCISM IN
o POLITICAL CAUSE
§
o MUSSOLINI SOUGHT TO
§
RESTORE THE POWER AND PRESTIGE THAT WAS ONCE
·
RESTORE POWER IN THE
·
REBUILD ECONOMY
-
RISE OF FASCISM IN
o MOTIVATION BECOME A WORLD
INDUSTRIAL POWER
o MAKE JAPAN SELF SUFFICIENT
IN NATURAL RESOURCES
o MAKE MORE SECURE
o ACQUIRE MORE SPACE FOR
EXPANDING POPULATION
16/3
-
BRINGS UNITY TO A DIVIDED NATION
-
CONQUEST INVIGORATES NATIONALISM
-
DEFLECTS ATTENTION AWAY FROM DOMESTIC POLITICS
-
STIMULATES THE ECONOMY
THE ROAD OT WAR
o
§ GUNS AND TANKS V. SPEARS
o
o
§ Y
o
§ Y REUNITE ALL GERMAN
SPEAKING PEOPLE
o
§ Y LIBENSRAUM def LIVING
SPACE
-
THE
o
CHAMBERLAIN AND DELADIER EMBARK UPON A POLICY OF APPEASEMENT def
GIVING INTO HITLER TO MAINTAIN PEACE
16/4
-
The
Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact.htm
o
WHY
§ HITLER DOESNT WANT TO FIGHT
A 2 FRONT WAR
§ STALIN WANTS TO CONSOLIDATE
POWER
-
o
PARTITIONED BY
o
BLITZKRIEG def LIGHTNING WARFARE
-
-
o
THE LUFTWAFFA def GERMAN AIR FORCE
- ATTEMPTS TO BOMB ENGLAND INTO SUBMISSION
§ NEVER SUCCESSFUL BECAUSE OF
THE RAF AND RADAR
· THE ROYAL AIR FORCE
-
INITIALLY THE
o
INFLUENCED BY THE NYE COMMISSION
§
16/5
-
NEUTRALITY ACTS
o
PROHIBITED ARMS SALES TO BELLIGERENTS
o
FORBADE AMERICANS FROM TRAVELING ON BELLIGERENT SHIPS
o
FORBADE LOANS TO BELLIGERENTS
-
THE
o
CHARLES LINDBERG WAS A MAIN PROPONENT
-
THE COMMITTEE TO DEFEND
-
o
HE SUPPORTS A POLICY OF NON-BELLIGERENCY
§ DEF DOING ANYTHING SHORT
OF GOING TO WAR TO SUPPORT THE ALLIES
§ HE AUTHORIZED CASH AND
CARRY
· THIS ENDED THE ARMS EMBARGO
§
DESTROYERS FOR BASES
· PROVIDED
· US GOT A 99 YEAR LEASE ON 9
BASES IN
§
LEND LEASE lend-lease
· LENT MONEY AND LEASED WEAPONS
TO ALLIES
o
AMOUNTED TO AN ECONOMIC DECLARATION OF WAR AGAINST
o
THE DRAFT IS INITIATED
16/6
-
THE U.S. AND THE UNDECLARED NAVAL WAR
o
THE U.S. WOULD ASSIST IN TRACKING U BOATS
o
U.S. SHIPS WOULD BE USED TO PROTECT BRITISH SHIPPING
§ INCLUDED THE ABILITY TO
DESTROY U BOATS
o
U.S. MADE LEND LEASE AVAILABLE TO THE SOVIETS
o
U.S. COULD SHOOT AXIS SHIPS ON SIGHT
o
ALLOWED ARMED U.S. MERCHANT SHIPS TO CARRY MUNITIONS DIRECTLY TO
-
JAPANESE ADVENTURISM IN THE PACIFIC
o
1895 JAPAN INVADES
o
1905 JAPAN DEFEATS RUSSIA IN RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR
§ GAINS A FOOTHOLD IN KOREA
AND
o
1931 INVADES MANCHURIA AND ESTABLISHES THE PUPPET GOVERNMENT OF MANCHUKO
§ RATIONALE STOP SOVIET
EXPANSION
o
1937 THE CHINA INCIDENT THE RAPE OF
o
JAPAN WITHDRAWS FROM THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS
-
U.S. RESPONSE TO
o
1931 U.S. ANNOUNCES THE STIMPSON DOCTRINE
§ U.S. WOULD NOT RECOGNIZE ANY
CHANGES IN CHINA
§ POSTURING HOOVER MORE
CONCERNED WITH DEPRESSION
16/7
o
1937 U.S. AUTHORIZES SMALL LOANS TO CHINA AND CHAING KAI SHEK
§ U.S. STOOD TO LOSE THE
LUCRATIVE TRADE WITH
o
1940 U.S. INSTITUTES AN EMBARGO ON TRADE WITH
§ SCRAP, AVIATION FUEL AND
MACHINE PARTS
o
1941- U.S. FREEZES ALL JAPANESE ASSETS IN THE
-
SEC. OF STATE CORDELL HULL TRIES TO BUY TIME
o
FORTIFY THE
o
BUILD A 2 OCEAN NAVY
-
YAMAMOTO VIEWPOINT
o
THE U.S. DOESNT HAVE THE WILL TO FIGHT AND CAN BE DEFEATED WITH A
QUICK AND DECISIVE BLOW
o
HE EXPRESSES NO CONFIDENCE IN A PROTRACTED WAR
o 12/7/41 JAPAN ATTACKS
THE
HOLOCAUST
-
STARTED WITH KRISTALLNACHT NIGHT OF BROKEN GLASS
-
THE FINAL SOLUTION
o
EUPHEMISM FOR THE ERADICATION OF JEWS
o
GENOCIDE def -DEATH OF A
NATION
o
THE SYSTEMATIC MURDER OF11 MILLION PEOPLE ACROSS
o
WHY?
§ A BELIEF IN THE EUGENIC
PHILOSOPHY OF A DOMINANT ARYAN RACE
16/8
o
WHY THE JEWS?
§ NEEDED A SCAPEGOAT TO BLAME
FOR
· DEFEAT DURING WORLD WAR I
· ECONOMIC PROBLEMS FOLLOWING
THE WAR
o
ALSO GYPSIES, SLAVS, MENTAL AND PHYSICALLY HANDICAPPED
-
THE JEWS AND OTHER CONQUERED PEOPLES ARE SENT TO CONCENTRATION CAMPS
§ UTILIZED AS FORCED LABOR
§ EXTERMINATED