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Àþ¸ñ¼õ ´Õ ¦Àâ ¿¡Î. «Ð Óü¸¡Äò¾¢ø Àø§ÅÚ «Ã͸٨¼Â¾¡Â¢Õó¾Ð. «¨Å¦ÂøÄ¡õ ´Æ¢ó¾É. «ì¸ñ¼ò¨¾ ´§Ã «ÃÍ ¨¸ì¦¸¡ñ¼Ð. «Ð ¬í¸¢Ä «ÃÍ. þô§À¡¾¢ÕôÀÐõ «Ð§Å. «ì¸ñ¼õ ÀÄ ¦Á¡Æ¢¸¨ÇÔõ ¯¨¼ÂÐ. «¨Å¦ÂøÄ¡õ À¨ÆÂÉ ¬É¡ø «¨Å Á¨ÈÂÅ¢ø¨Ä. ´§Ã¦Á¡Æ¢ ÅÆíÌõ ¿¢¨ÄìÌ «ì¸ñ¼õ þýÛõ Åó¾¢ÄÐ; þÉ¢Ôõ ÅáÐ. «õ¦Á¡Æ¢ì¸¡ÃÕ𠺢ħá Àħá ´§Ã ¢¼ò¾¢ü ÜÎÅ÷. «ùÅ¢ýȢ¨Á¡¨Á «Êì¸Ê §¿Õõ. ÍÂõÅÃÁñ¼Àí¸¨Ç ÂÈ¢¸. «ÅüÈ¢ü ÜÎÀÅ÷ ¾õÓð§Àº¢ ¯ÈÅ¡¼¡ÁÄ¢Õì¸ ÓÊ¡Ð. «ô¦À¡ÕðÎ «Å÷즸øÄ¡õ ´Õ ¦À¡Ð¦Á¡Æ¢ þÕó§¾ ¾£Ã §ÅñÎõ. «Ð ¾¡ý ºõŠ¸¢Õ¾õ. ¾ÁÂó¾¢Â¢ý ÍÂõÅ÷ò¾¢ø Åó¾ Àø§ÅÚ¦Á¡Æ¢ Áì¸Ùõ «õ¦Á¡Æ¢Â¢§Ä§Â §Àº¢ì¦¸¡ñ¼É÷. «ù×ñ¨Á¨Â †÷„÷ ¨¿„¾ò¾¢Öõ «¾¢Å£ÃáÁ À¡ñÊÂ÷ ¨¿¼¾ò¾¢Öõ Å¢Ç츢ÔûÇ¡÷. þÕÅÕõ Å¢òÐÅò ¾¨ÄÅ÷, «Ãºî º¢§Ãð¼÷.
ºõŠ¸¢Õ¾õ À¾¢¦ÉðΦÁ¡Æ¢ì ¸¡ÃÕìÌõ ¯Ã¢ÂÐ. þ¨¼ì¸¡Äò¾¢ø «¾ý À¢üº¢ ¾Á¢Æâ¼í ÌýÈ¢ÂÐ. ¬¨¸Â¡ø «Ð ż¦Á¡Æ¢¦ÂýÚ À¢ü¸¡Äò ¾Á¢Æáü ÜÈôÀð¼Ð. §ºÉ¡Å¨ÃÂ÷ ӾĢ§Â¡÷ «ù×ñ¨Á¨Â ¯¼ýÀθ¢ýÈÉ÷. «¾É¡ø ºõŠ¸¢Õ¾õ ¾Á¢ÆÕìÌõ ¯Ã¢Â¦¾ýÀÐ º¢ò¾õ. «ù×â¨Á ÁüÈÅÕâ¨Á¢ü È¡úó¾ÐÁýÚ.
ÀÄ ¦Á¡Æ¢¸Ç¢ø ¯Ä¸ÅÆìÌ þÄ츢ÂÅÆìÌ ±É þÃñΠŨ¸ÔñÎ. þÄ츢ÂÅÆìÌî ¦ºöÔû ÅÆ즸É×õÀÎõ. ºõŠ¸¢Õ¾ò¾¢Öõ «¨Å ¯Ç, ¬ñÎ ¯Ä¸ ÅÆ쨸ôÀ¢Ã¡¸¢Õ¾¦ÁýÀ. «Ð§Å §ÀîÍ ÅÆìÌô À̾¢. ¦ºöÔû ÅÆ째 ºõŠ¸¢Õ¾õ. ¿¡Ç¢ÐŨà ±øÄ¡¦Á¡Æ¢ì¸¡ÃÕõ ÓÂýÚ ÀÊôÀÐ ºõŠ¸¢Õ¾§Á. ºõŠ¸¢Õ¾ó ¾Å¢Ã ż¿¡ðÊü ÀÄ ¦Á¡Æ¢¸û ¯Ç. ºõŠ¸¢Õ¾ò¨¾Ôõ À¢Ã¡¸¢Õ¾ò¨¾Ôõ «Ê¡¸ì ¦¸¡ñÎ «¨Å §¾¡ýÈ¢É. «ÅüÚû ´ù¦Å¡Õ ¦Á¡Æ¢Ôõ ´ù¦Å¡Õ Üð¼ò¾¡ÕìÌî ¦º¡ó¾Á¡Â¢üÚ. «Å÷ §ÀîÍ ÅÆìÌì¸û «¾¢§Ä§Â ¿¢¸úó¾É. ¿¢¸Æ§Å À¢Ã¡¸¢Õ¾í ¨¸Å¢¼ôÀð¼Ð. «Ð ¿º¢ó¾Ð. ºõŠ¸¢Õ¾õ Àø¸¨Äì ¸ÇﺢÂõ. ¬¸Ä¢ý «ÐÁðÊø ±øġáÖõ §À¡üÈôÀðÎÅÕ¸¢ÈÐ.
¾Á¢Øì¦¸É ´Õ ºÁÂÁ¢ø¨Ä. ¦¾ÖíÌìÌ Åí¸òÐìÌ ÁüȦÁ¡Æ¢¸ðÌ ±É×õ «·¾¢ø¨Ä. ºÁÂò¨¾ ¦Á¡Æ¢ ÀüȢ¨ÆôÀÐ Á¼¨Á. þ¼õ ÀüÈ¢ ¨ÆôÀÐ §À¡Öõ «Ð. Àþ¸ñ¼ò¾¢ÖûÇ ±øÄ¡¦Á¡Æ¢Â¢ÉÕõ º¢Ä ºÁÂí¸¨Ç§Â ¾Ø׸¢ýÈÉ÷. ¯¾¡Ã½Á¡¸î ¨ºÅò¨¾ ±ÎòÐ즸¡û¸. «îºÁÂõ þÁ§ºÐŨà ÀÃÅ¢ÂÐ. ±øÄ¡¦Á¡Æ¢Â¢ÉÕûÙõ «îºÁ¢¸û ¯Ä÷. ±øÄ¡¦Á¡Æ¢î ¨ºÅÕìÌõ ¦À¡ÐôÀ¢ÃÁ¡½Á¡ÔûÇ áø¸û ºõŠ¸¢Õ¾ò¾¢üÈ¡É¢Õ츢ýÈÉ. À¢È¦Á¡Æ¢î ¨ºÅô ¦À⡦ÃøÄ¡õ ¾Á¢úî ¨ºÅÕìÌ «ôÀ¡Öõ «Ê÷ó¾¡÷. ±øÄ¡¦Á¡Æ¢î ¨ºÅÕõ ´ÕŨà ¦Â¡ÕÅ÷ «È¢¾ø §ÅñÎõ. «Å÷ ¾õÓû «ÇÅÇ¡Å¢ ´ýÚÀ¼ §ÅñÎõ. «ô¦À¡ÕðÎî ºõŠ¸¢Õ¾ô À¢üº¢§Â «Å÷즸øÄ¡ó Ш½Â¡ÅÐ. «ô§À¡Ð¾¡ý ¨ºÅÀâÀ¡ÄÉõ ¿ýÌ ¿¨¼¦ÀÚõ. ÍÂáÂí ¸¢¨¼ò¾ À¢ÈÌ «Å÷ ²Á¡üÈôÀð¼¡÷. «ÅÕìÌì ¸¢¨¼ì¸ §ÅñÊ ÀíÌ ¾ÅÈ¡Ð. ¬¸§Å ºÁ ÅÇ÷ô ¦À¡ÕðÎ þýȢ¨Á¡РÀ¢Äò¾ì¸ ¦À¡Ð¦Á¡Æ¢Â¡¸×õ ºõŠ¸¢Õ¾õ þÕóÐ ÅÕ¾ø ¸¡ñ¸.
ºõŠ¸¢Õ¾õ À¡÷ôÀÉ ¦Á¡Æ¢, «¨¾ò ¾Á¢Æ÷ ¸üÈø ܼ¡Ð ±ýÈø À¡÷ôÀÉ÷ ¦¸¡û¨¸. ºõŠ¸¢Õ¾õ Á¢§Äîº ¦Á¡Æ¢, «¨¾ò ¾Á¢Æ÷ ¸üÈø §Åñ¼¡õ ±ýÈø ¾É¢ò ¾Á¢ú Å¢ÕôÀ÷ ¦¸¡û¨¸. ¾Á¢Æ÷ ºõŠ¸¢Õ¾õ ÀÊôÀ¨¾ «ùÅ¢ÕŨ¸Â¢ÉÕõ Å¢ÕõÀ¡÷. «Å÷ ¾÷õ «Ð.
¬í¸¢Äõ «í¸¢§ÄÂÕ째 ¦º¡ó¾õ. «Ð ´Õ ¸¡Äõ. À¢ü¸¡Äò¾¢ø «õ¦Á¡Æ¢ «Åáø Á¡ò¾¢Ãõ Å¢Õò¾¢Â¨¼ÂÅ¢ø¨Ä. ¯Ä¦¸íÌÓûÇ ÁüÈ ¦Á¡Æ¢ì¸¡ÃÕû ±ò¾¨É§Â¡§À÷ «¾¢ü §Àº¢É÷; º¢Èó¾ ÀÄ áø¸¨Ç ¬ì¸¢É÷. «¾É¡Öõ «Ð º¢Èì¸Ä¡Â¢üÚ. ¬¨¸Â¡ø þÉ¢ «Ð ¬í¸¢§ÄÂâý ¦Á¡Æ¢Â¡¸¡Ð. ¯ÄÌ째 «Ð ¦À¡ÐÅ¢ü ¦º¡ó¾õ. þì¸ÕòÐ þô§À¡Ð ±íÌõ À¡Å¢ÅÕ¾ø ¸¡ñ¸. «ôÀʧ ºõŠ¸¢Õ¾õ À¡÷ôÀÉÕ째 ¦º¡ó¾Á¡¸ðÎõ. «Ð «ó¾ì ¸¡Äõ. ¦¿Îí¸¡ÄòÐìÌ Óýɧà «õ¦Á¡Æ¢Ôõ Àþ¸ñ¼ò¾ÇÅ¢ø ¬í¸¢Äõ §À¡Ä¡öÅ¢ð¼Ð. À¡÷ôÀÉ÷ «·¾È¢ó ¾¼íÌÅÐ ¯ò¾Áõ.
Àþ¸ñ¼õ ÍÂáÂõ «¨¼Ôõ. «ùÅÃÍ ¿¨¼¦ÀÈ §ÅñÎõ. «ô¦À¡ÕðÎ ´Õ ¦À¡Ð¦Á¡Æ¢ þÕôÀÐ ¿Ä§Á. ºõŠ¸¢Õ¾§Á «õ¦Á¡Æ¢Â¡¸Ä¡õ. ºÁ»¡Éõ ¦À¡¾¢ó¾Ð «Ð. «Ã¨º ¿¼òÐõ »¡Éõ «¾¢ø þøÄ¡ÁÄ¡§À¡õ? þùÅ¡í¸¢Ä «Ã¨º ¿¼òÐõ ¬í¸¢Äõ þÄ츢 ÅÆį̀¼ÂÐ. ÀÊò¾Å÷ ¾¡ý «Ã¨º ¿¼ò¾ÅøÄ¡÷. «ÅÕìÌô À¢Ã¡¸¢Õ¾í¸û ²ý? ¬¸§Å ºõŠ¸¢Õ¾ó¾¡ý ¸ð¼¡ÂÀ¡¼Á¡¾ü Ìâ ¦¾ý¸. «Ð ¸ð¼¡ÂÁ¡É¡ø ¾Á¢Æ÷ À¡ì¸¢Âº¡Ä¢¸§Ç. ¾Á¢Æî ¨ºÅÕìÌ «Ð ¦ÀÕõÀ¡ì¸¢ÂÁ¡Ìõ.
¾Á¢Æ¢ø þÄ츽õ þÄ츢Âõ ¾Õì¸õ ºÁÂõ ¾òÐÅõ ±øÄ¡ÓñÎ. «óáø¸Ç¢¦ÄøÄ¡õ ºõŠ¸¢Õ¾î ¦º¡ü¸Ùõ ¦¾¡¼÷¸Ùõ þÄ츽ÓÊÒ¸Ùõ ¸Äó¾¢ÕìÌõ. «ì¸ÄôÒ ²È¢Ôí ̨ÈóÐ Á¢Õì¸Ä¡õ. ¾É¢ò ¾Á¢ú Å¢ÕôÀ÷ «óáø¸ÙìÌ ÓØô¦À¡Õû ¸¡ñÀ¦¾ôÀÊ? ¦À¡ÕÇȢ šá¾ áø¸û º¡ÅÐ ¿¢îºÂõ. «ì¦¸¡¨Ä¨Â «Å§Ã ¦ºö¾ÅáÅ÷. «Å÷ ºÁ áø¸¨Ç þô§À¡Ð «§¿¸Á¡öò ¦¾¡Îž¢ø¨Ä. «ÅüÈ¢ÖûÇ ºõŠ¸¢Õ¾ô À̾¢¸ÙìÌô ¦À¡Õû¸¡½ ÓÊ¡¨Á§Â «¾üÌì ¸¡Ã½õ. «¾É¡ø «Å÷À¡ü ºÁÂôÀüÚï ÝÉ¢ÂÁ¡¸¢ «Å¨Ã Å¢Äí¸¢Âø ¸Å¢¸¢ýÈÐ. «ó¿¢¨Ä þÃí¸ò¾ì¸Ð. «óáø¸û §À¡üÈôÀ¼§ÅñÎõ. «ó¾ «ÇÅ¢ü ¸¡ÅÐ ºõŠ¸¢Õ¾ô À¢üº¢ «ÅÕìÌ Ó츢Âõ. À¡÷ôÀÉ÷ «ôÀ¢üº¢¨Âò ¾Á¢ÆÕìÌ °ð¼Á¡ð¼¡÷. «ùÅÇ× ¸Õ½¡º¡Ä¢¸ÇøÄ÷ «Å÷. ¾Á¢Æ÷ ±ó¾ «ÇÅ¢üÌî ºõŠ¸¢Õ¾õ À¢ġ¾ Á¡ðʸǡ ¢Õ츢ýÈɧá «ó¾ «ÇÅ¢üÌô À¡÷ôÀɧà ¿Äõ ¦ÀÚÅ÷. ¾£íÌ ¾Á¢ÆÕ째¡õ. †¢ó¾¢ ¸ð¼¡ÂÀ¡¼ Á¡ì¸ôÀθ¢ÈÐ. ¾Á¢Æ÷ ºõŠ¸¢Õ¾õ ÀÊôÀ¾ü¸¡¸ ÅýÚ «Ð. ¾¡õ ºõŠ¸¢Õ¾ò¨¾ §¿§Ã ¸üÀ¢ìÌõ À¡¼º¡¨Ä¸Ç¢ø ¾Á¢úÁ¡½Å¨Ã Á½ì¸ºôÀ¢ýÈ¢î §º÷òÐ즸¡ûŧ¾ «ôÀ¡÷ôÀÉâý ÀÃ󾧿¡ì¸òÐìÌô §À¡ÐÁ¡ÉÐ. †¢ó¾¢ ¦Â¾¢÷ôÀ¡Ç÷ «¨¾ ÂÈ¢¸.
¾Á¢Æ÷ ÀÄ ºÁ¢¸Ç¡Â¢Õ츢ýÈÉ÷. ¸¢ÈŠ¾Å÷ þÍÄÁ¢Â÷ ӾĢ§Â¡÷ìÌî ºõŠ¸¢Õ¾ò¾¢ü ºÁÂô À¢ÃÁ¡½ º¡ò¾¢Ãí¸û ¸¢¨¼Â¡. «Å÷ «õ¦Á¡Æ¢¨Â ¦ÅÚì¸Ä¡õ; À¢ġ ¦¾¡Æ¢ÂÄ¡õ. «¾É¡ø «Åè¼Ôõ ¿‰¼õ ´ýÚÁ¢ø¨Ä. «¾É¡ü ¨ºÅá¾¢§Â¡Õõ «Å§Ã¡Î §º÷óЦ¸¡û¸¢ýÈÉ÷. «ÅÕ째¡ «õ¦Á¡Æ¢Â¢ü ºÁÂô À¢ÃÁ¡½ º¡ò¾¢Ãí¸û ÀÄ×Ç. «¾¨É «Å÷ «È¢¾ø §ÅñÎõ. «õ¦Á¡Æ¢¨Â ¨Å¾ø «ÅÕìÌò ¾¸¡Ð. «¾¨É «Å÷ À¢ġ¦¾¡Æ¢ÅÐó ¾ôÒ. º¸Å¡º §¾¡„ò¾¡ø «Å÷ ¿‰¼Á¨¼Â¡¾¢ÕôÀ¡Ã¡¸.
þô§À¡Ð Àþ¸ñ¼õ þÍÄ¡Á¢ÂÕõ ¿¢¨Èó¾Ð. «ÅÕìÌõ †¢óÐì¸ÙìÌõ ¦À¡ÐÅ¡ÉÐ «ó¿¡Î. «ùÅ¢Õ¾¢Èò¾¢ÉÕõ «¨¾ ¬Ç§ÅñÊÂÅ÷. ¦Á¡Æ¢Ôõ «ÅÕìÌô ¦À¡Ðš¢ÕôÀÐ §Åñ¼ôÀÎŧ¾. ¬É¡ø ºõŠ¸¢Õ¾õ «ùÅ¢ÕŨ¸Â¡ÕìÌõ ¦À¡Ðš¢Õì¸ ÓÊ¡Ð. ¬Â¢Û¦Áý? «ùÅ¢Õ¾¢Èò¾¡÷ìÌõ ¦À¡Ð¦Á¡Æ¢ ±Ð×í ¸¢¨¼Â¡Ð. þÍÄ¡Á¢ÂÕìÌð ¦À¡Ð ¯ÕÐ. †¢óÐì¸ÙìÌð ¦À¡Ð ºõŠ¸¢Õ¾õ. ±ôÀʧ¡ þÃñÎ ¦À¡Ð ¦Á¡Æ¢ ¸ð¸¢¼É¡Â¢üÚô Àþ¸ñ¼õ. «¨¾ Á¡üÚÅÐ «º¡ò¾¢Âõ. ¬Â¢Ûõ «ì¸‰¼òÐìÌ ¿¢Å¢÷ò¾¢Ôõ ¯ñÎ. «·¾¢ÃñΠŢ¾õ. ´ýÚ ¦ÀÕ¨ÁÂüÈÐ. þý¦É¡ýÚ «ò¾¨É §Á¡ºÁ¡É¾ýÚ. ¯ÕШŠ†¢óÐì¸Ùí ¸ð¼¡Âõ ÀÊì¸ §ÅñÎõ. «øÄÐ ºõŠ¸¢Õ¾ò¨¾ þÍÄ¡Á¢ÂÕí ¸ð¼¡öõ ÀÊì¸ §ÅñÎõ. þÍÄ¡Á¢Â÷ ¦ÀÇÕ„Ó¨¼Â¡÷. «Å÷ ºõŠ¸¢Õ¾ó ¸ð¼¡ÂôÀÊôÒì ¸¢¨ºÂ¡÷. †¢óÐì¸Ç¢¼õ ¦ÀÕÇÕ„í ̨È×. «Å§Ã ¯ÕÐì¸ð¼¡Âô ÀÊôÀ¢ø ¾ûÇôÀÎÅ÷. ¦ÀÕ¨ÁÂüÈ ¿¢Å¢÷ò¾¢ þÐ. †¢óÐì¸Ùõ ¦ÀÇÕ„Ó¨¼Â¡Ã¡Â¢ý ¯ÕÐ×õ ºõŠ¸¢Õ¾Óõ ¦À¡Ð ¦Á¡Æ¢¸Ç¡¸Ä¡õ. «¾É¡ü º¢Ä þ¨¼äÚ¸û ²üÀ¼ò¾¡ý ¦ºöÔõ. «¨Å º¢Ä ÐÅ¢À¡„¢¸Ç¡ø ¿¢Å¢÷ò¾¢Â¡¾ø ÜÎõ. þÐ §Á¡ºÁüÈ ¿¢Å÷ò¾¢. ¸¢È¢Š¾Åá¾¢§Â¡÷ìÌ «ùÅ¢ÃñÎõ «Âø¦Á¡Æ¢¸û. «ÅüÚû ¾Á츢‰¼Á¡É¦¾¡ý¨È «Å÷ ¸ð¼¡Âõ À¢ø¸. «Å÷ ¦ÀÇÕ„õ «¾É¡ü ̨È¡Ð.
(†¢ó¾¢ ¯ÕÐ †¢óЊ¾¡É¢)
þ측Äò¾¢ø Àþ¸ñ¼òÐìÌô ¦À¡ÐÅ¡¸ü À¡Ä¦¾É ´Õ ¦Á¡Æ¢ ¦¾Ã¢ó¦¾Îì¸ôÀðÎÇÐ. «¨¾ †¢ó¾¢ ¦ÂýÀ÷ ´Õ º¡Ã¡÷. ¯ÕЦÅýÀ÷ þý¦É¡Õ º¡Ã¡÷. †¢óЊ¾¡É¢¦ÂýÀ÷ À¢È¢¦¾¡Õ º¡Ã¡÷. «õãýÚ ¦ÀÂ÷¸Ùõ ÓýÚ §ÅÚ ¦Á¡Æ¢¸ÙìÌâÂÉÅ¡? ´§Ã ¦Á¡Æ¢ìÌâÂÉÅ¡? ±ýÀÐ ¬Ã¡ö. º¢Ä Á¡¾í¸ÙìÌ ÓýŨà «õãýÚ ¦º¡ü¸Ùõ ´Õ ¦Á¡Æ¢¨Âî ÍðÎõ ¦ÀÂ÷¸¦ÇÉôÀð¼É. ¾Á¢ú ¿¡ðÊø þ󾢦¾¢÷ôÒò §¾¡ýÈ¢ÂÐ. ãýÚõ ¦Åù§ÅÚ ¦Á¡Æ¢¸Ç¢ý ¦À¦ÃýÀÐ ¦ÅǢ¡¢üÚ.
º¡Á¡É¢Â †¢óÐì¸û º¡Á¡É¢Â Å¢„Âí¸¨Çô §Àº¢ì ¦¸¡ûžüÌî ºÁŠ¸¢Õ¾ò¾¢Ä¢ÕóÐ ¸ÊÉ À¾í¸¨Ç ¿£ì¸¢±Îì¸ôÀð¼ º¡Á¡É¢ö À¾í¸Ç¢ó ¦¾¡Ì¾¢§Â †¢ó¾¢ ¦Âý¸¢È¡÷ º¢Ä÷. ¦ºý¨É Ó¾ý Áó¾¢Ã¢ ყ¸¡À¡Äâ †¢ó¾¢¨Â "Cooked up Sanskrit" ±ýÚ ¦º¡ýɾý ¸ÕòÐ «Ð§Å.
«ÃÀ¢Ôõ À¡Ãº£¸Óó ¦¾Ã¢ó¾Å÷ Àþ¸ñ¼òÐìÌ «ÃºÃ¡ö Åó¾É÷. «ÅÕìÌ þó¿¡ðΦÁ¡Æ¢ ¦¾Ã¢Â¡Ð; þó¿¡ðΦÁ¡Æ¢ †¢ó¾¢; «ÅÕìÌ ´Õ ºÁú¦Á¡Æ¢ §Åñ¼ôÀΞ¡Â¢üÚ; «ùÅ¢ýȢ¨Á¡¨Á¡ø «õ¦Á¡Æ¢Ôó §¾¡ýÈ¢ÂÐ. «Ð§Å ¯ÕÐ; «Ð «Å÷ìÌõ þó¿¡ðÎ Áì¸ÙìÌõ ¸ÕòÐì¸¨Ç ¦ÅÇ¢ôÀÎò¾¢ì¦¸¡ûÇ ¯¾Å¢ÂÐ; ¬¸§Å ¯ÕЦÅýÀÐ «ÃÀ¢ À¡Ãº¢¸ †¢ó¾¢¦ÂýÀÅüÈ¢ý §º÷쨸¡øÅ¢¨Çó¾¦Á¡Æ¢; þó¿¡ðÎÁ츨ÇÔõ «ùÅó§¾È¢¸¨ÇÔõ ´ýÚÀÎò¾¢ÂÐ «Ð; «ó¾ ¯ÕЧŠÀ¢ü¸¡Äò¾¢ø †¢óЊ¾¡É¢¦ÂÉ×õ Àð¼Ð ±ý¸¢È¡÷ º¢Ä÷. "Urdu was a 'Compromise Language; born of the necessity of the rulers - who knew Arabic and Persian, but not the language of the country, Hindi-developing a means of communication with the people of the land. Urdu then was born of the intermixture of these languages and was a means of unifying the people of the country and the new comers. In course of time, it became what was known as Hindustani" ±ýÚ º§Ã¡ƒ¢É¢ ¦º¡ýɨ¾ 17-12-1938 †¢ó¾¢Å¢ü ¸¡ñ¸.
†¢óЊ¾¡É¢¨Âô ÀüÈ¢ô ÀÄ÷ ÀÄÅ¡Ú §À͸¢ýÈÉ÷.
†¢óЊ¾¡É¢ þÃñÎÅ¢¾õ; ´ýÚ ¯ÕÐ †¢óЊ¾¡É¢, þý¦É¡ýÚ †¢ó¾¢ †¢óЊ¾¡É¢ ¦Âý¸¢È¡÷ º¢Ä÷.
"A recognised language means any one of the following languages, namely, Gujarati,... Urdu or Hindi Hindustani" ±ýÚ ÀõÀ¡öî ºð¼º¨À Ţš¾òÐì ¦¸ÎòÐì ¦¸¡ñ¼¨¾ 18-8-1938 †¢óÐÅ¢ü ¸¡ñ¸.
†¢ó¾¢ †¢óЊ¾¡É¢¦ÂýÀÐ ¸¢¨¼Â¡Ð, «Ð ¸¡í¸¢Ãº¡ü Ò¾¢¾¡¸ò ¦¾¡¼í¸ôÀð¼Ð ±ý¸¢È¡÷ ¬÷.±ý. Á¡ñðÄ¢ì ±ýÀÅ÷. "As to Hindi Hindustani, it was newly started by the Congress and did not really exist" ±ýÚ «Åâ Ţš¾¢ôÀ¨¾ «ó¾ †¢óÐÅ¢ü ¸¡ñ¸.
¯ÕЧŠ†¢óЊ¾¡É¢ ¦Âý¸¢È¡÷ º§Ã¡ƒ¢É¢. Óý š츢Âõ ¸¡ñ¸.
¯ÕÐ §Ã켡 †¢ó¾¢ †¢óЊ¾¡É¢ ¦ÂýÀÉ ´Õ ¦Á¡Æ¢ì§¸ ¦ÀÂ÷; Àþ¸ñ¼òÐ Áì¸Ùõ «íÌôô¨¼¦ÂÎòÐÅó¾ þÍÄ¡Á¢ÂÕõ «ÇÅÇ¡Å¢É÷; «¾É¡ø «õ¦Á¡Æ¢ §¾¡ýÈ¢ÂÐ; Àþ¸ñ¼§Á «¾üÌô À¢ÈôÀ¢¼õ; ¬É¡ü À¡Ãº£¸õ «ÃÀ¢ ӾĢ «Âø¿¡ðÎ ¦Á¡Æ¢¸Ç¢Ä¢ÕóÐõ †¢óÐì¸Ç¢ý Àø§ÅÚ ¦Á¡Æ¢¸Ç¢Ä¢ÕóÐõ ±Îì¸ôÀð¼ ÀÄ ¦º¡ü¸Ç¢ý ¸Ä¨Å§Â «Ð ±ý¸¢ÈÐ Á¡ƒ¢ ƒ¢øÄ¡ ƒðˆ ¬÷.±Š. ºí¸Ã ³Â÷ ±ýÀÅ÷ ±ÎòÐ측ðÊ Òò¾¸¦Á¡ýÚ. «Ð "The dialect called Zaban-i-urdu, 'Rektha, Hindi or Hindustani, was formed through the intercourse of the Muhammadan invaders of India with the people of the country; and though its structure is chiefly Indian, yet the materials of which it is composed are taken abundantly almost at pleasure, from the Persian, Arabic and other foreign languages as well as from the various dialects peculiar to the Hindus" ±ýÚ ¦º¡øÖŨ¾ 7-1-1939 †¢óÐÅ¢ü ¸¡ñ¸.
þó¾¢Ôõ †¢óЊ¾¡É¢¾¡¦Éý¸¢ÈÐ «ôÒò¾¸õ.
«ÃÀ¢ À¡Ãº£¸ì ¸Ä¨Å¢ø þó¾¢Á¡ò¾¢ÃíÜÊ ¯ÕК¢ü¦Èý¸¢È¡÷ º§Ã¡ƒ¢É¢. «ì¸Ä¨Å¢øø §ÅÚ «Âø¿¡ðÎ ¦Á¡Æ¢¸Ùõ þóÐì¸Ç¢ý §ÅÚ ÀÄ ¦Á¡Æ¢¸Ùí ÜÊ «Ðš¢ü¦Èý¸¢ÈÐ «ôÒò¾¸õ.
¯ÕШÅô À¨¼¦Á¡Æ¢, †¢óЊ¾¡É¢¨Âô ¦À¡ÐÁì¸û ¦Á¡Æ¢ ±ý¸¢È¡÷ «ó¾ ³Â÷. «Å÷ «ó¾ þóÐÅ¢ø "Urdu is a miltary language. Hindustani is the general people's language" ±ýÀÐ ¸¡ñ¸.
¯ÕÐ ¦ÅýÈ À¾§Á À¨¼¦Á¡Æ¢ ¦ÂýÈ ¦À¡ÕÙ¨¼ÂÐ; †¢óЊ¾¡É¢¦ÂýÀÐ ÓÍÄ£õ ¯Ä¸¢ü§¸ ¦¾Ã¢Â¡¾¦Á¡Æ¢ ¦Âý¸¢È¡÷ …÷.±.±õ.§¸.¦¾‹Ä¡Å¢ ¦ÂýÀÅ÷. "Urdu meant a camp language. Among the Muslims, Hindustani was not known at all" ±ýÚ «Å÷ ¦º¡ýɨ¾ 18-8-1938 þóÐÅ¢ü ¸¡ñ¸.
þóЊ¾¡É¢§Â À¨¼¦Á¡Æ¢ ¦Âý¸¢È¡÷ §¸. ºó¾¡Éõ ±ýÀÅ÷. «Å÷ "It was perhaps not known that every European army officer must learn Hindustani. That was compulsory. That was because an army could not me controlled without unity of language" ±ýȨ¾ 9-1-1939 þóÐÅ¢ü ¸¡ñ¸.
þóЊ¾¡É¢Ôõ ¯ÕÐ×õ ¦Åù§ÅÚ ¦Á¡Æ¢¸¦Çý¸¢È¡÷ º¢Ä÷. þóЊ¾¡É¢¨Â ¯ÕôÀÎò¾ ¯ÕШÅî º¢¨¾ì¸§ÅñΦÁýÚ ¦º¡øÄôÀθ¢ÈÐ; «Ð þÃí¸ò¾ì¸¦¾ýÀÐ «Å÷ ¸ÕòÐ. «Ä¸À¡ò¾¢ø «¸¢Ä þó¾¢Â ¯Õо¢Éõ ¦¸¡ñ¼¡¼ôÀð¼Ð. …÷ ¦¼ˆÀ¸à÷ º¡ôÕ ¾¨Ä¨Á Ÿ¢ò¾¡÷. «¾¢ø ¿¢¸ú¿¾ "Resolutions were passed advocating the cause of the Urdu language and regretting the attempts to annihilate Urdu under the cover of promoting Hindustani" ±ýÚ ¿¢¸ú¨Â 22-12-1938 þóÐÅ¢ü ¸¡ñ¸.
þóЊ¾¡É¢ ¦Âý¸¢È ¦Á¡Æ¢ þô§À¡Ð ¸¢¨¼Â¡Ð; «Ð ¸¡í¸¢ÃŠ¾¨ÄÅ÷¸Ç¢ý ÁÉ째¡ð¨¼Â¢üÈ¡ ÛñÎ ±ý¸¢ÈÐ «¸¢Ä þó¾¢Â Óº¢Ä£õ Ä£ì, "Hindustani is actually a non-existant language, which exists only in the middle of Congress leaders. The living languages are Hindi and Urdu" ±ýÀÐ «ì¸Á¢ðÊ¢ý «È¢ì¨¸. 25-12-1938 þóÐì ¸¡ñ¸.
þóЊ¾¡É¢ ¦Âý¸¢È ¦Á¡Æ¢ þô§À¡¾¢ø¨Ä; ¬É¡Öõ «¨¾ ¯ñ¼¡ì¸¢ì ¦¸¡ûÇÄ¡õ ±ý¸¢È¡÷ ¸¡ó¾¢. ¸¡í¸¢ÃÍì ¦¸¡û¨¸Ôõ «Ð§Å. ¸¡º¢Â¢ø ¾¢Ãð¼ôÀð¼ þó¾¢ «¸Ã¡¾¢Â¢ÖûÇ ¯ÕÐî ¦º¡ü¸¨ÇÔõ °Š§Áɢ¡Ţø ¾¢Ãð¼ôÀð¼ ¯ÕÐ «¸Ã¡¾¢Â¢ÖûÇ þó¾¢î ¦º¡ü¸¨ÇÔõ ¦¾Ã¢ó¦¾ÎòÐ «ÅüÈ¢ý «¸Ã¡¾¢¦Â¡ý¨È ¦ÁÇøÅ¢ «ôÐø †ì º¡†ô ±ýÀÅ÷ ¦ÅÇ¢ôÀÎò¾¢Â¢Õ츢ȡ÷; þóЊ¾¡É¢ «¸Ã¡¾¢ «Ð§Å ¦ÂýÚ ¸¡ó¾¢ ¸¡í¸¢ÃÍìÌî º¢À¡÷Í ¦ºö¾¢Õ츢ȡ÷. ÒÐ Å¡÷ò¨¾¸û §ÅñÎÁ¡É¡ø «Åü¨È ¯ñ¼¡ì¸ «Òø ¸Ä¡õ «º¡ò ᧃó¾¢Ã À¡Ò ¦ÅýÛÁ¢Å÷¸Ç¢ý Üð¼õ ²üÀ¼ §ÅñΦÁýÈ §Â¡º¨ÉÔõ «Åáü ¦º¡øÄôÀθ¢ÈÐ, «¾¨É "I understand that Maulvi Abdul Haq Saheh has produced a dictionary which has taken all the Urdu words that are to be found in the Benares Hindi Lexicon and Hindi words from the Osmania Lexicon. I have recommended to the Congress the adoption of the Maulvi Saheb's dictionary. And for new words I have suggested a board composed of Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad and Rajendra Babu" ±ýÚ 28-1-1939 þóÐÅ¢ø «Å÷ ¦º¡ýɾ¡ü ¸¡ñ¸. À¡ðÉ¡Å¢ø ´Õ ¸Á¢ðÊ ÜÊÂÐ. «Ð º÷측áø ¿¢ÂÁ¢ì¸ôÀð¼Ð. ¦À¡Ð þóЊ¾¡É¢ ¦Á¡Æ¢¨Â ¯ñ¼¡ì¸§ÅñÎ ¦ÁýÀ§¾ «¾ý §¿¡ì¸õ. "The Committee...appointed by the Government of Bihar... with a view to finding out ways and means for evolving a common Hindustani language...met...." ±ýÈÐ 20-12-1938 †¢óÐ. †¢ó¾¢Â¢Öõ ¯ÕÐÅ¢Öõ ÀâÀ¡¨„¸û þÕ츢ýÈÉ. «ÅüÈ¢üÌ §¿Ã¡É ÀâÀ¡¨„¸¨Ç †¢óЊ¾¡É¢Â¢Öõ ¬ì¸ §ÅñÎõ. ±ôÀÊ ¬ìÌÅÐ? «¨¾ §Â¡º¢ì¸§Å «ì¸Á¢ðÊ ÜÊÂÐ. "The Committee is understood to have considered the question of coining Hindustani technical terms with Hindi and Urdu equivalents" ±ýȨ¾Ôõ «ó¾ †¢óÐÅ¢ü ¸¡ñ¸.
†¢óЊ¾¡É¢ §ÅÚ †¢ó¾¢§ÅÚ ±ý¸¢È¡÷ À¢.±ø.áĢÂáõ ±ýÀÅ÷. þó¾¢Â ¸¢È¢Š¾Åâý «¸¢Ä þó¾¢Â Á¸¡¿¡¦¼¡ýÚ ¦ºý¨É¢ü ÜÊÂÐ. «¾¢ø «ó¾ áõ "In his opinion Hindi could not become the national language as the Muslims would not accept the same. Hindustani, which was the language of the common people of Northern India, was the only tongue that could be the lingua franca" ±ýÚ À¢Ãºí¸¢ò¾¡÷. 31-12-1938 †¢óШÅì ¸¡ñ¸. ¦ºý¨Éî ºð¼º¨À¢ø À„¢÷ «ÁÐ ±ýÀÅ÷ "The attempt made in the United and Central Provinces was to teach a new language called Hindi which could not be understood either by the Urdu speaking people or the Hindustani-speaking people. That was bound to fail. The question was different so far as this Province was concerned... But he could not see the logical connection between the spread of Hindustani and the killing....... of any aspect of Tamil. It was open to Muslims to give an impetus to Urdu and the Tamilians to give an impetus to Tamil" ±ýÚ §Àº¢É¡÷. «Ð 19-3-1939 †¢óÐÅ¢ø ÅóÐÇÐ. ¦ºý¨É Á¡¸¡½ò¾¢ü ¸ð¼¡ÂÁ¡ì¸ôÀÎÅÐ †¢ó¾¢ÂýÚ, ¯ÕÐ ¾¡ý; þÍÄ¡Á¢Â÷ «¨¾ì¸ü¸Ä¡õ; ¾Á¢Æ÷ ¾Á¢¨Æì ¸ü¸Ä¡õ; ºñ¨¼ §Åñ¼¡õ ±ýÚ «ô§ÀîÍì ÌÆôÒ¸¢ÈÐ. þíÌ ¯ñ¨Á¢ø †¢óЊ¾¡É¢ô§Àáü ¸ð¼¡ÂôÀÎò¾ôÀÎÅÐ ³ì¸¢ÂÁ¡¸¡½ò¾¢Öõ Áò¾¢ÂÁ¡¸¡½ò¾¢Öõ ¸ð¼¡Â À¡¼Á¡ì¸î º÷측áø ÓÂýÚõ ÓÊ¡Áü §À¡É †¢ó¾¢§Â. †¢óЊ¾¡É¢ §ÅÚ ¯ÕÐ §ÅÚ ±ý¸¢È Áü¦È¡Õ ¦ºö¾¢Ôõ «ô§Àø ¦¾Ã¢¸¢ÈÐ.
ºõŠ¸¢Õ¾î º¢¨¾Å¢Ä¢ÕóÐ ¯ñ¼¡ÉÐ †¢ó¾¢. «ÃÀ¢ À¡Ãº£¸ †¢ó¾¢ ӾĢÂÅüÈ¢ý ¸Ä¨Å ¯ÕÐ. ÀÄ §À÷ ÀÄÀÊ¡¸ì ÜÈ¢ ´ÕÅáÖõ þýɦ¾ýÚ ¸ñÎ ¦¸¡ûÇ ÓÊ¡¾Ð †¢óЊ¾¡É¢. þ¨Å§Â «õÓõ¦Á¡Æ¢¸Ç¡¾ÄÈ¢¸.
†¢ó¾¢ §¾ºÀ¡¨„¡¸ §ÅñΦÁýÀÐ †¢óÐÁ¸¡º¨ÀìÌ Å¢ÕôÀõ. «îº¨À ¿¡¸ôââü ºÅ÷측÷ ±ýÀÅâý ¾¨Ä¨Á¢ü ÜÊ §À¡Ð "On a motion from the chair, the Mahasabha resolved to accept Hindi derived from Sanskrit as the national language of India and condemned the Congress policy in declaring Hindustani as the lingua franca of India in craven fear of the Muslims" ±ýÚ ¦ºö¾ ¾£÷Á¡Éò¨¾ 31-12-1938 †¢óÐÅ¢ü ¸¡ñ¸. Óº¢Ä£õ ģ츢ý §¿¡ì¸õ ¯ÕÐ §¾ºÀ¡¨„¡¸ §ÅñΦÁýÀÐ. ¸¡í¸¢ÃŠ †¢óЊ¾¡É¢¨Âò §¾ºÀ¡¨„¡¸ §ÅñΦÁýÀÐ. ¸¡í¸¢ÃŠ †¢óЊ¾¡É¢¨Âò §¾ºÀ¡¨„Â¡ì¸ §ÅñΦÁý¸¢ÈÐ.
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†¢ó¾¢¨Âô Àþ ¸ñ¼ò¾¢üÀÄ÷ §À͸¢ýÈɦÃýÚ ¦º¡øÄôÀθ¢ÈÐ. «ôÀÄ÷ ±ò¾¨É §¸¡Ê á¢ÛÁ¡Ì¸. ¡ÕìÌ «õ¦Á¡Æ¢ ¦º¡ó¾õ? «¨¾ô§À͸¢ýÈÅÕ즸øÄ¡õ «Ð ¦º¡ó¾Á¡? þø¨Ä. «¨¾ò¾Å¢Ã §Å¦È¡Õ ¦Á¡Æ¢¨Âî ¦º¡ó¾Á¡¸ì ¦¸¡ûÇ¡¾ÅÕ째 «Ð ¦º¡ó¾Á¡¸üÀ¡ÄÐ. «¾üÌ «ò¾¨¸Â ¦º¡ó¾ì¸¡Ã÷ ÀòÐ째¡Ê þÕÀÐ §¸¡ÊÂá¸Å¡ þÕ츢ýÈÉ÷? ÁüÈ ¦Á¡Æ¢¸ðÌî ¦º¡ó¾ì¸¡Ã÷ º¢Ä§¸¡Ê§Ã¢Õò¾ø §À¡ø «¾üÌî ¦º¡ó¾ì¸¡ÃÕï º¢Ä§¸¡Ê§Ã¢ÕôÀ÷.
ºõŠ¸¢Õ¾ º¡Á¡É¢Â À¾í¸Ç¢ý ºã¸ò¾¡Ä¡¸¢Â †¢ó¾¢ô À¢üº¢Â¡ø «îºõŠ¸¢Õ¾ò¾¢ÖûÇ Å¢§º¼À¾í¸¨ÇÔõ, «ÅüÈ¢ý ãÄõ Å¢§º¼ Å¢„Âí¸¨ÇÔõ «È¢ÂÓÊÔÁ¡? «Åü¨È «È¢Â §Åñ¼¡Á¡? ºõŠ¸¢Õ¾ôÀ¢üº¢§Â «ùÅ¡¨º¨Â ¿¢¨È§ÅüÈ¢ ¨Åì¸ÅøÄÐ. «¾ý º¡Á¡É¢ÂÀ¾ ºÓ¸†¢ó¾¢ Á¢¨¸. ´ù¦Å¡Õ ¦Á¡Æ¢ìÌâ Á¡¸¡½ò¾¢Öõ þÍÄ¡Á¢Â÷ þÕôÀ÷. «ÅÕìÌ «ó¾ ¦Á¡Æ¢§Â ¦º¡ó¾õ. «Å÷ «¨¾ «À¢Á¡É¢ì¸ì ¸¼ýÀð¼Å÷. ¬É¡ø «ó¾ ¦Á¡Æ¢¸Ç¢¦ÄÄ¡õ «§¿¸Á¡ö þÍÄ¡Á¢Â츨ĸû þá. ¾Á¢Æ¢üº£Ã¡ôÒá½õ ´ýÚ ¾¡ý ¸¡½ôÀθ¢ÈÐ. «ôÀÊò ¾¡ý ÁüȦÁ¡Æ¢¸Ç¢ÖÁ¢ÕìÌõ. «ÅÕ째¡ ºÁÂôÀüÚ «¾¢¸õ. ¿¡Î ¦Á¡Æ¢ ¢ÅüÈ¢ý ÀüÚ «¾üÌì ¸£úôÀ𼧾. «Å÷ ºÁÂì¸¨Ä «ÃÀ¢Â¢ø Á¢ìÌÇÐ. ¯ÕÐÅ¢Öõ §À¡ÐÁ¡ÉŨà ¯ñÎ. ¬¸§Å †¢ó¾¢ Á¡¸¡½ò¾¢ÖûÇ þÍÄ¡Á¢ÂÕõ ¯ÕШÅò¾¡ý Å¢Íź¢ôÀ÷. «õ¦Á¡Æ¢ô À¢üº¢Â¡üÈ¡ý ÀĦÁ¡Æ¢ Á¡¸¡½í¸Ç¢ÖÓûÇ þÍÄ¡Á¢ÂÕìÌû ´üÚ¨Á ¯ñ¼¡Ìõ. «í¹ÉÁ¡¸ þó¾¢ô À¢üº¢ «Å÷ìÌ Å£ñ.
†¢óЊ¾¡É¢¦ÂýÈ ¦ÀÂáø þô§À¡Ð ¸ð¼¡ÂôÀÎò¾ôÀðÐÅÐ þ󾢧Â. ¯ÕШÅì ¸ð¼¡ÂôÀÎòÐÅÐ þÍÄ¡Á¢ÂÕìÌ ¯Åô¨Àò ¾ÃìÜÊÂÐ. þóЦÅýÀÐ ´Õ Üð¼ò¾¢ý ¦ÀÂ÷. ´Õ Á¾ô¦ÀÂÃýÚ. «ÅÕìÌî ¦º¡ó¾¦Á¡Æ¢¸û ÀÄ. ºÁÂì¸¨Ä ¿¢ÃõÀ¢Â¦Á¡Æ¢ ºõŠ¸¢Õ¾õ. «Ð§Å þóÐì¸¨Ç ´üÚ¨ÁôÀÎò¾×õ ÅøÄÐ. ¬¸Ä¢ý «ùÅ¢Ãñ¨¼Ôõ «Å÷ §À¡üÈ §ÅñÎõ. ºõŠ¸¢Õ¾§Á «Ãºô¦À¡Ð¦Á¡Æ¢ÔÁ¡¸Ä¡¦ÁýÈ ¿õÀ¢ì¨¸Ôõ «ÅÕìÌñÎ. þó¾¢ ´Õ Á¡¸¡½òÐ째 ¦º¡ó¾õ. «¨¾ôÀÊìÌõÀÊ ÁüÈÁ¡¸¡½ò¾¡Õõ ²ý ÅüÒÚò¾ôÀ¼§ÅñÎõ. «·¾¿£¾¢.
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þÍÄ¡Á¢Â «ÃÍ Å¼¿¡ðÊüÈ¡ý «¾¢¸ ¬¾¢ì¸Ó¨¼Â¾¡Â¢Õó¾Ð. «¾É¡ø «íÌ þóÐì¸Ç¢ü º¢Ä÷ þÍÄ¡Á¢Âá¢É÷. ¬¸¡¾ þóÐì¸û þÍÄ¡Á¢Â¦Á¡Æ¢Â¡¸¢Â ¯ÕШÅì ¸üÈÉ÷. «ÅÕìÌ «ì¸øÅ¢ ¿¢÷ôÀó¾ò¾¡ø ²üÀðÊÕì¸ §ÅñÎõ. ¦¾ýÉ¡ðÊø þÍÄ¡Á¢Â ¬¾¢ì¸õ ̨È×. º¢Ä ¦¾ýÉ¡ðÎ Áì¸û Á¾ Á¡üÈõ ÁðÊü ¦ºö¾É÷. ¯ÕШÅò ¦¾ýÉ¡ðÎ þÍÄ¡Á¢ÂÕõ ÀÊò¾¢Ä÷. þóÐì¸û ÀÊò¾¢Ä¦ÃýÚ ¦º¡øÄ §ÅñΞ¢ø¨Ä. ¦Á¡Æ¢ÂÇŢġÅÐ ¦¾ýÉ¡ðÊÉ÷ ;ó¾¢Ã Áì¸Ç¡Â¢ÕóÐ ÅÕ¸¢ýÈÉ÷. «ó¾î ;ó¾¢Ãò¾¢üÌõ þô§À¡Ð þØìÌ ÅÃôÀ¡÷츢ÈÐ. ¯ÕÐÅ¡¾¢¦Á¡Æ¢¸¨Çò ¦¾ýÉ¡ðÊÉ÷À¡ü ¸ð¼¡ÂôÀÎòÐÅÐ «Å¨Ã «ÅÁ¡Éô ÀÎòÐŧ¾Â¡Ìõ. ż¿¡ðÎ þóÐì¸û ¾ÁìÌÅóÐûÇ «ÅÁ¡Éò¨¾ ¿£ì¸¢ì ¦¸¡ûÇ ÓÂøÅÐ ¦À¡Õò¾õ. «øÄÐ «Å÷ «¨¾ò ¾õÁÇÅ¢ø ¨ÅòÐì ¦¸¡ûÇðÎõ.
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¯ÕÐ «Âø¿¡ðÎ ¦Á¡Æ¢¸Ç¢ý Å¢¨ÇÅ¡É¡Öõ þóЊ¾¡Éò¾¢ü À¢Èó¾Ð; ¬¨¸Â¡ø «¾üÌ þóЊ¾¡É¢ ¦ÂýÈ ¦ÀÂ÷ ¦À¡Õó¾§Å ¦ºöÔõ; þóÐì¸û «ôÀ¢ÈôÀ¢¼õ ÀüȢ¡ÅÐ «¾¨Éò ¾õ ¦Á¡Æ¢Â¡¸ì §¸¡¼Ä¡õ ±ý¸¢È¡÷ º¢Ä÷. ¾Á¢ú¿¡Î ¾Á¢¨Æ ¨ÅòÐ «ô¦ÀÂ÷ ¦ÀüȾ¡? ¾Á¢ú ¾Á¢Æ¸ò¨¾ ¨ÅòÐ «ô¦ÀÂ÷ ¦ÀüȾ¡? ¾Á¢¨Æ¨Åò§¾ ¾Á¢ú¿¡Î ¾Á¢ú ¿¡¦¼ÉôÀð¼Ð. þÐ ÀƦÁ¡Æ¢Â¢Âø. º¢Ä ÒЦÁ¡Æ¢¸ÙìÌ Á¡ò¾¢Ãõ þ¼õÀüÈ¢ ¦ÀÂ÷ ²üÀ¼Ä¡õ. þóЊ¾¡Éò¾¢ü§ÈýȢ¾ɡ§Ä§Â ¯ÕÐÅ¢ý «Âý¨Á Á¨ÈóÐÅ¢¼¡Ð. §ÁÖõ þóЊ¾¡Éò¾¢ü ÀÄ ¦Á¡Æ¢¸û ¯ñ¼¡Â¢Õ츢ýÈÉ. «¨Å ¯ÕÐ×ìÌì ¸¡Äò¾¡ø Óó¾¢ÂÉ×Á¡õ. «ÅüÈ¢ø ´ýÈ¡ÅÐ þóЊ¾¡É¢¦ÂÉôÀ¼Å¢ø¨Ä§Â. ¯ÕШŠÁ¡ò¾¢Ãõ þóЊ¾¡É¢¦ÂýÚ ²ý ¦º¡øÄ §ÅñÎõ? þóЊ¾¡É¢¦ÂýÈ ¦À¨à «¾üÌî ÝðÊÅ¢ð¼¡ø þóÐì¸Ùõ «¨¾ò ¾õ¦Á¡Æ¢¦ÂÉ ÁÂí¸¢ ²üÚ즸¡ûÅ÷. «ôÀ¡ø «Å÷ «¨¾ôÀÊòÐ «¾¢ÖûÇ þÍÄ¡Á¢Âì ¸¨ÄôÀ¢üº¢Â¡ø þÍÄ¡Á¢Âá¾ø ÜÎõ. þÍÄ¡Á¢Â «Ãº¢ý Ýú «Ð. «ô§À¡Ð þÍÄ¡Á¢Â÷ ¯ÕШŠ†¢óЊ¾¡É¢ ¦ÂýÈÉ÷. †¢óÐì¸û «¨¾ì §¸ðÎ ²Á¡È¢É÷. þô§À¡Ð †¢óÐì¸û †¢ó¾¢¨Â †¢óЊ¾¡É¢ ¦Âý¸¢ýÈÉ÷. ¬É¡ø þŠÄ¡Á¢Â÷ «¨¾ì§¸ðÎ ²Á¡ÈÅ¢ø¨Ä. ¬¸§Å ¯ÕШŠ†¢óЊ¾¡É¢ ¦ÂýÈø †¢óЊ¾¡Éò¨¾§Â «Âø¿¡ðÊÉ÷ìÌì ¸¡ðÊ즸¡Îò¾¾¡Ìõ. §ÁÖõ †¢óÐ †¢óЊ¾¡É¢ †¢óЊ¾¡Éõ þó¾¢Â¡ ¦ÅýÀÅüÈ¢ý ¦À¡Õû¾¡¦Éý¨É? ¾¢Õ¼ý ¾¢Õ¼ý¦Á¡Æ¢ ¾¢Õ¼É¢¼õ ±ýÀɧŠ«Ð. þÍÄ¡Á¢Â÷ «·¾È¢Â¡¾ÅÃøÄ÷. ¯ÕÐ×ìÌ †¢óЊ¾¡É¢¦ÂýÈ ¦ÀÂ÷ ÅÕŨ¾ «Å÷ ¯¼ý À¼×了ö¡÷. †¢óРӾĢÂÅüÈ¢ý ¦À¡Õ¨ÇÂÈ¢ó¾ †¢óÐì¸Ù째 «ô¦ÀÂ÷¸û ÐîºÁ¡Ìõ. «ô¦ÀÂ÷¸Ç¢ø þó¿¡Î ¦ÅÚôÒ즸¡ñÊÕôÀ¨¾î ºò¾¢Âã÷ò¾¢Ôõ "It was regrettable that a controversy had been raised over the name Hindustan and the introduction of Hindustani, which was nothing but a language introduced by the Muslim rulers in India" ±ýÚ ¦¾Ã¢Å¢ì¸¢È¡÷ 31-12-1938 þóÐÅ¢ü ¸¡ñ¸.
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¯ÕÐÅ¢ø áüÚìÌ ±ØÀÐÅ£¾õ À¡Ãº£¸ «ÃÀ¢ À¾í¸û Å¢ÃÅ¢ÔûÇÉ; þó¾¢Â¢ø «§¾Å£¾õ ºõŠ¸¢Õ¾ À¾í¸û Å¢ÃÅ¢ÔûÇÉ; «ì¸ÄôÒ §ÅüÚ¨Á§Â ¯ÕÐ×õ þó¾¢Ôõ ¦Åù§ÅÚ ¦Á¡Æ¢¸Ç¡Â¢É¾üÌì ¸¡Ã½õ; «ì¸ÄôÒì¸û ¿£í¸ §ÅñÎõ; áüÚìÌ ÓôÀÐÅ£¾ÓûÇ ¦º¡ü¸§Ç «ùÅ¢Õ¦Á¡Æ¢¸Ç¢Öï §ºÃ측½ôÀÎÀ¨Å; «¨Å¦ÂøÄ¡ï º¡Á¡É¢Â À¾í¸û; «Åü¨Èò ¾¢Ãðθ; þÍÄ¡Á¢Â÷ þó¾¢Â¢Ä¢ÕóÐ ±Ç¢¾¢ÄÈ¢óЦ¸¡ûÇì ÜÊ ºõŠ¸¢Õ¾À¾í¸¨ÇÔõ þóÐì¸û ¯ÕÐŢĢÕóÐ ±Ç¢¾¢ÄÈ¢óÐ즸¡ûÇìÜÊ «ÃÀ¢ À¡Ãº¢¸ À¾í¸¨ÇÔõ «ò¾¢Ã𧼡Π§º÷òÐ ´Ã¸Ã¡¾¢Â¡ì¸ §ÅñÎõ; ¸ÊÉÀ¾í¸û «È§Å ¿£ì¸ôÀ¼§ÅñÎõ; «ó¾ «¸Ã¡¾¢§Â þóЊ¾¡É¢ «¸Ã¡¾¢; «¾¢ÖûÇ ¦º¡ü¸¨Çì ¦¸¡ñÎ ±Ø¾ôÀÎÅɧŠþóЊ¾¡É¢ô Òò¾¸í¸û; «î¦º¡ü¸¨Çì ¦¸¡ñÎ §ÀºôÀÎÅɧŠþóЊ¾¡É¢¦Á¡Æ¢; ¸ð¼¡ÂÀ¡¼Á¡ì¸§ÅñÎÅÐ «Ð ¾¡ý; «Ð§Å þó¾¢Ôõ ¯ÕÐ×õ ºõ§ÁÉ¢ò¾ø ±ýÀÐ ±ý¸¢È¡÷ ¸¡ó¾¢. þ즸¡û¨¸ôÀÊ þóЊ¾¡É¢ ¦ÂýȦÁ¡Æ¢ þô§À¡¾¢ø¨Ä, þÉ¢ò¾¡ý ¯ñ¼¡¸§ÅñΦÁýÀРŢÇí̸¢ÈÐ. «¨¾ ¯ñ¼¡ìÌõ §Å¨Ä Óý¸¡ðÊ À£†¡÷ º÷측âý ¸Á¢ðʨÂî §º÷ó¾Ð. þøÄ¡¾ ´Õ ¦Á¡Æ¢ ¯ñ¼¡É À¢È¸ý§È¡ «¨¾ì ¸ð¼¡ÂôÀÎò¾ ÓÂÄ §ÅñÎõ? ¾Á¢ú¿¡ð¨¼ þô§À¡§¾ «Á÷ì¸ÇÁ¡ìÌÅ¡§Éý?
þóЊ¾¡É¢¨Â ¯ñ¼¡ì¸ þ󾢨ÂÔõ ¯ÕШÅÔõ º¢¨¾ì¸§ÅñΦÁý¸¢È¡÷ ¸¡ó¾¢. þó¾¢Â¢ý ¦º¡ÕÀÁƢž¡ø þóÐì¸ÙìÌ ¿‰¼Á¢ø¨Ä. «Å÷ ¸¨Ä¸¦ÇøÄ¡õ ºõŠ¸¢Õ¾ò¾¢ü ¸¢¼ì¸¢ýÈÉ. «õ¦Á¡Æ¢ Àþ¸ñ¼òÐ째 ¦º¡ó¾õ. þóÐì¸û «õ¦Á¡Æ¢¨Âô ÀÊòÐ «ì¸¨Ä¸¨Ç ÂÈ¢ÂÄ¡õ. þÍÄ¡Á¢Ââý ¦¾öŦÁ¡Æ¢ «ÃÀ¢. À¡Ãº£¸Óõ «Åáø Á¾¢ì¸ôÀÎŧ¾. ¬Â¢Ûõ «¨Å Àþ¸ñ¼òÐìÌ ¦ÅǢ¢ÖûÇÉ. Àþ¸ñ¼òÐ þÍÄ¡Á¢ÂÕìÌ þÍÄ¡Á¢Âì ¸¨Ä¸û ¿¢ÃõÀ¢Â¾¡öô Àþ¸ñ¼ò¾¢Öûû ¦Á¡Æ¢ ¯ÕЧÅ. «¾¢ÖûÇ «ÃÀ¢ À¡Ãº£¸ ¸ÊÉÀ¾í¸û ±Îì¸ôÀð¼¡ø þÍÄ¡Á¢Â츨ĸû À¡¾¸ÓÚÅÐ ¾¢ñ½õ. «¾É¡ø «Å÷ ÝÉ¢ÂÁ¡¸¢Â þóЊ¾¡É¢¨Âô ÀÊì¸ Å¢ÕõÀ¡÷. «Ð ¦À¡Ð¦Á¡Æ¢Â¡¾ø ¡í¹Éõ? …÷ ¦¼ˆ À†à÷ …¡ôå ¾¨Ä¨Á¢ø ¿¼ó¾¦¾ýÚ ¸¡ð¼ôÀð¼ ¾£÷Á¡Éò¨¾ì ¸¡ñ¸.
¾Á¢ÆÕìÌ þó¾¢ ¯ÕÐ þóЊ¾¡É¢¸û Ò¾¢Â¨Å. «Å÷ «ÅüÚû ±¾ý ¦º¡åÀò¨¾Ôõ «È¢ÂÁ¡ð¼¡÷. ż¿¡ð¼¡§Ã «¾¨É «È¢ÂìÜÊÂÅ÷. «íÌ ´Õ Á¡¸¡½Óõ þóЊ¾¡É¢¨Âì ¸ð¼¡ÂÁ¡ì¸Å¢ø¨Ä. «ýÈ¢Ôõ «õ¦Á¡Æ¢ Ó¨ÇìÌõ §À¡§¾ «íÌûÇ þÍÄ¡Á¢Â÷; «¾ý §Áü º£Ú¸¢ýÈÉ÷. "Hindustani ... is mischievously alleged to be a combination of Urdu and Hindi written in Devanagri and Persian script...Behind the false and hypocritical love for a combined form of Hindi and Urdu for the national language of India there appears to be a sinister and unholy propaganda for the elevation of Hindi and elimination of Urdu. Muslims cannot allow their language to be crucified...." ±ýÚ ±Š.¨†¾÷ þÁ¡õ ±ýÀÅ÷ À¡ðÉ¡Å¢ü ÜÊ «¸¢Ä þó¾¢Â Óº¢Ä£õ Á¡½Å÷ Á¸¡¿¡ðÊø ÅçÅüÒì ¸Á¢ðÊò ¾¨ÄÅá¢ÕóÐ ÜÈ¢ÔûÇ¡÷. 29-12-1938 Á¾Ã¡Š ¦Á¢ø À¡÷ì¸. «ó¾ ¿¸Ã¢ø «¸¢Ä þó¾¢Â „¢Â¡ Á¡¿¡Î ÜÊÂÐ. …÷ Ã…¡ «Ä¢ ±ýÀÅ÷ ¾¨Ä¨Á Ÿ¢ò¾¡÷. «Å÷ ¾¨Ä¨Áô §Àø ¸¡í¸¢ÃÍ þóЊ¾¡É¢¦ÂýÈ ¦À¨Ãî ¦º¡øÄ¢ì ¦¸¡ñÎ ºõŠ¸¢Õ¾ ÁÂÁ¡¸¢Â þ󾢨§ ¦À¡Ð¦Á¡Æ¢Â¡ì¸ ÓÂø¸¢ÈÐ. «¾¢ü ºó§¾¸Á¢ø¨Ä, «¨¾ ¿õÒ¾üÌ ¬¾¡Ãí¸û ¯Ç, ¯ÕШÅî ¦º¡ó¾¦Á¡Æ¢Â¡¸×¨¼Â Óº¢Ä£õ¸û «õÓÂüº¢¨Â ¬¾Ã¢ì¸ìܼ¡Ð ±ýÈ ¸ÕòÐì ¸¡½ôÀθ¢ÈÐ. "If ... attempts were made to introduce a common language, the choice might fall on the highly Sanskritised Hindi which seems to have an irresistible lure for many votaries of the Congress.... Indeed, the scheme has been viewed with the greatest suspicion and alarm by the Muslim community which believes that the scheme, if put into operation, would give a death blow at Urdu as the principal language of the province. It cannot be said that the Muslim objection is based purely on distrust. As far as I am able to judge the scheme in its present form has failed to obtain the support of the Muslim community" ±ýÈ 30-12-1938 Á¾Ã¡Š ¦Á¢ø ¸¡ñ¸. ÊøĢ¢ø §ƒÁ¢Âò ¯ø ¯ÄÁ¡ þ †¢óò Á¸¡¿¡Î ÜÊì, ¸¡í¸¢ÃÍ þóЊ¾¡É¢Â¢ø «¾¢¸Á¡É ºõŠ¸¢Õ¾ À¾í¸¨Çî §º÷òÐô À¢Ã§Â¡¸¢òÐ ÅÕŨ¾ì ¸ñÊòÐÇÐ. "Finally a protest was made against the increasing use of Sanskrit words in the Hindustani language. The jamiat pointed out that this tendency, if not discouraged, would lead to further suspicious among Muslims against the Congress" ±ýÚ 7-3-1939 †¢óÐÅ¢ø Åó¾¢ÕôÀÐ ¸¡ñ¸. ¦ºý¨É Áó¾¢Ã¢Â¡¸¢Â ¡Õô †¡…ý «í¸ñ¼Éí¸¨Ç¦ÂøÄ¡õ ¯¼ýÀθ¢È¡÷. ¬É¡ü ¦ºý¨É Á¡¸¡½õ «îºñ¨¼¸¨Ç ¿£ì¸¢ þóÐ ÓºøÁ¡ý¸¨Çî ºÁ¡¾¡Éõ Àñ½¢Å¢ð¼Ð §À¡ø «Å÷ ÁØôÀ×õ ¦ºö¸¢È¡÷. "In North India, there was controversy of Hindi-Urdu and the Madras Government has solved it by printing the textbooks in both languages side by side" ±ýÈ «Å÷ §À 28-2-1939 þóÐÅ¢ü ¸¡ñ¸. þÃñÎ ¦Á¡Æ¢¸Ç¢ø ´§Ã À¡¼ôÒò¾¸ò¨¾ «îº¢ðÎÅ¢ð¼¡ø þÃñÎ ¦Á¡Æ¢¸Ùõ ´Õ ¦Á¡Æ¢Â¡ö Å¢ÎÁ¡? þÃñÎ Á¾Š¾Õõ ºÁ¡¾¡ÉÁ¡ö Å¢ÎÅá? ¾Á¢ú ¿¡ðÊø ±ó¾ô¦À¨Ãî ¦º¡øÄ¢ ±ó¾ô¦À¡Õ¨ÇÔõ ÒÌò¾Ä¡õ§À¡Öõ. ¾Á¢Æ÷ ²¨Æ§á?
þó¾¢Ôõ ¯ÕÐ×õ ´§Ã¦Á¡Æ¢, «Ð ¿¡¸Ã¢Â¢¦ÄؾôÀð¼¡ø þó¾¢, À¡Ãº£¸ò¾¢¦ÄؾôÀð¼¡ø ¯ÕÐ ±ýÚ ÓòÄ¢ü ¦º¡øÄôÀð¼Ð. þó¾¢ §ÅÚ ¦Á¡Æ¢¦ÂýÈ ×½¨Á ¦ÅǢ¡ÉÐõ «î¦º¡ø Á¨Èó¾Ð. þô§À¡Ð ¯ÕÐ×õ þóЊ¾¡É¢Ôõ «ùÅ¡Ú ¦º¡øÄôÀθ¢ÈÐ. À¡Ãº¢¸ò¾¢ø ±Ø¾ôÀθ¢È ¯ÕÐ×째 þóЊ¾¡É¢¦ÂýÈ ¦ÀÂÕñÎ. ±ØóÐ §ÅüÚ¨Á¡ø ´Õ ¦Á¡Æ¢ ¦ÀÂáÖõ §ÅÚÀÎÁ¡? ºõŠ¸¢Õ¾òÐìÌî ¦º¡ó¾ ±ØòÐì ¸¢¨¼Â¡Ð. «¨¾ ż ¿¡ð¼¡÷ ¿¡¸Ã¢¦ÂØò¾¢ü À¢ÖÅ÷. ¾Á¢Æ÷ ¸¢Ãó¾ ±Øò¾¢ü À¢ÖÅ÷. ¦¾Öí¸÷ ¦¾Öí¦¸Øò¾¢ü À¢ÖÅ÷. ÁüȦÁ¡Æ¢ì¸¡ÃÕõ ¾ò¾õ ¦Á¡Æ¢¦ÂØò¾¢Ä¡ÅÐ «ù¦ÅØòÐô§À¡ýÈ ±Øò¨¾ ¬ì¸¢ «¾¢Ä¡ÅÐ À¢ÖÅ÷. ¿¡¸Ã¢¦ÂØòÐõ º¢Ä Á¡¸¡ñí¸Ç¢ü §À¾¢ìÌõ. þôÀÊî ºõŠ¸¢Õ¾¦Á¡ý§È ±ØòЧÅüÚ¨ÁÔ¨¼Â ¦Á¡Æ¢. «ù§ÅüÚ¨ÁÀüÈ¢ «õ¦Á¡Æ¢ìÌ ¦Åù§ÅÚ ¦ÀÂ÷¸Ùñ¼¡? þø¨Ä. «¾¨É ÂȢšÕìÌ ¯ÕШŠ¿¡¸Ã¢¦ÂØòÐô ÀüÈ¢ þóЊ¾¡É¢ ¦ÂýÈø ¦À¡Õó¾¡Ð. ¯ÕÐ×ìÌô À¡Ãº£¸§Á ¦º¡ó¾ ±ØòÐ. þóÐì¸û «õ¦Á¡Æ¢¨Âò ¾õ ¿¡¸Ã¢Â¢ ¦Äؾ¢ì¦¸¡ñÊÕì¸Ä¡õ. §ÁÖõ ¯ÕÐÅ¢ÖûÇ º¢Ä ´Ä¢¸ÙìÌ ¿¡¸Ã¢Â¢ø ±Øò¾¢ø¨Ä. «ù¦Å¡Ä¢¸¨Ç ¿¡¸Ã¢Â¢ø º¢¨¾òÐò ¾¡ý ±Ø¾ §ÅñÎõ. ´Õ ¦Á¡Æ¢¨Âô ÀÊìÌõ Ó¨È «Ð ¾¡§É¡?
¯ÕÐÅ¢ý ¡ôÀ¢Âø À¡Ãº¢¸ò¨¾ò ¾ØÅ¢ÂÐ. þó¾¢Â¢ý ¡ôÀ¢Âø «¾§É¡Î Á¢¸ Á¡ÚÀð¼Ð. 22-1-1939 þóÐÅ¢ø The oldest Urdu Poem ±ýÈ ¾¨ÄôÀ¢ø "It is written in a language which contains about seventy percent Hindi words and yet it is Urdu - the Urdu of those days - for it contains so many Persian words and follows the rules of Persian prosody, which is a clear departure from the Hindi method of writing poetry" ±ýÚ ÅÕÅÐ ¸¡ñ¸. þó¾¢Ôõ ¯ÕÐ×õ þÄ츽ôÀ̾¢Â¢ø Å¢ò¾¢Â¡ºôÀÎõ §À¡Ð «¨Å ºõ§ÁÇ¢ìÌ ¦ÁýÀÐ ¸É§Å, ¸¡í¸¢Ãº¡÷ þóЊ¾¡É¢ìÌ ´Õ «¸Ã¡¾¢¨Âì ¸üÀ¢ò¾Ð §À¡ø ´Õ þÄ츽ò¨¾Ôí ¸üÀ¢ì¸ §ÅñÎõ. «Ð ±í¸¢ÕóÐ ±ôÀÊò ¾¢Õ¼ôÀΧÁ¡? «ó¾ò ¾¨Äô§À "But, alas, their noble intentions in evolving Urdu have been foiled by the present-day Persianised Urdu on the one hand and Sanskritised Hindi on the other, which, on the contrary, have created a seemingly unbridgable gulf between the two sister communities" ±ýÚ Å¢ºÉ¢òÐ þó¾¢Ôõ ¯ÕÐ×õ ºõ§ÁÇ¢ì¸ÓÊ¡¦¾ýÀ¨¾ ¯Ú¾¢ôÀÎòи¢ÈÐ. ¬É¡ø ¸¡ì¸¢¿¡¼¡Å¢ø ¿¼ó¾ ¬ó¾¢Ã þó¾¢ô À¢Ãº¡Ã¸Á¸¡¿¡ðÊø ±Š.Å¢.º¢ÅáÁº÷Á¡ ±ýÛõ þó¾¢ ¬º¢Ã¢Â÷ "People in the south have to take their due place in the building of the national language. Claims are being put forward from different corners in support of Urdu, Sanskrit and Hindi separately, without any idea of evolving a common vocabulary grammar, terminology and script. Andhras are best fitted for the purpose as their language includes words of Sanskrit, and many other languages" ±ý¸¢È¡÷. 30-12-1938 Á¾Ã¡Š ¦Á¢ø À¡÷ì¸. ¦¾ÖíÌ ÀĦÁ¡Æ¢ì ¸Ä¨Å. «ì¸Ä¨Å¦Á¡Æ¢Â¢ü ¦ÀÕÁ¢¾í¦¸¡ûÀÅ÷ ¦¾Öí¸÷. ¯ñ¨Á¢ü ¦ÀÕ¨ÁÔ¨¼ÂÐ ¾É¢¦Á¡Æ¢Â¡? ¸Ä¨Å¦Á¡Æ¢Â¡? ¸Ä¨Å¦Á¡Æ¢Â¡Â¢ý ¾É¢¦Á¡Æ¢Â¡¸¢Â ºõŠ¸¢Õ¾õ ¦ÀÕ¨Á ÌýȢ¾¡ö ÓÊÔõ. ÓʧŠÁü¦È¡Õ ¾É¢¦Á¡Æ¢Â¡¸¢Â ¾Á¢Æ¢ý ¦ÀÕ¨ÁÔõ «È¢ÂšáÐ. «Ð ¦º¡øÄ¡Á§Ä Å¢ÇíÌõ. ¸Ä¨Å¦Á¡Æ¢ô ¦ÀÕ¨Á¡ü Èõ¨Á ÁÈó¾ «ò¦¾Öí¸÷ þóЊ¾¡É¢ ¦Á¡Æ¢¨Â ¯ñ¼¡ìÌï ºì¾¢ ¾ÁìÌ «¾¢¸õ ¯ñ¦¼ý¸¢È¡÷. ¦¾ÖíÌ ÒЦÁ¡Æ¢¾¡É¡Â¢üÚ; ¦À¡Ð ¦Á¡Æ¢Â¡¸Å¢ø¨Ä. «ôÀʧ þóЊ¾¡É¢ ¦Â¡ýÚ ¯ñ¼¡É¡Öõ «Ð ÒЦÁ¡Æ¢ ¡̧Á ¾Å¢Ãô ¦À¡Ð¦Á¡Æ¢Â¡¸Á¡ð¼¡Ð. ¦¾Öí¸÷ «¾¨É «È¢¸.
þó¿¡ðÊü ÀƦÁ¡Æ¢¸Ùõ ¯ñÎ. ÒЦÁ¡Æ¢¸Ùõ ¯ñÎ. ¾Á¢Øï ºõŠ¸¢Õ¾Óõ ÀƦÁ¡Æ¢¸û. ¦¾öźõÀó¾Óõ ¯¨¼ÂÉ «¨Å. ¦¾ÖíÌ, Á¨Ä¡Çõ, þó¾¢ Ó¾Ä¢ÂÉ ÒÐ ¦Á¡Æ¢¸û. ¾Á¢Æ¢ý º¢¨¾× ºõŠ¸¢Õ¾ ºõÀó¾òмý ¦¾ÖíÌõ Á¨Ä¡ÇÓÁ¡Â¢üÚ. ¦¸¡î¨ºò ¾Á¢§Æ «îºò¦¾Öí¦¸ýÀ¡Õõ ¯Ç÷. «îºõ ¦¾Öí̦Á¡Æ¢Â¢ü Íò¾¦ÁýÛõ ¦À¡ÕÇÐ. «õ¦Á¡Æ¢¸Ç¢ÖûÇ ¾Á¢úî ¦º¡ü¸¨ÇÔõ ºõŠ¸¢Õ¾î ¦º¡ü¸¨ÇÔõ ¿£ì¸¢Å¢ð¼¡ø «õ¦Á¡Æ¢¸ÙìÌî º£ÅÉí ¸¢¨¼Â¡Ð. ´Õ측ø «¨Å º£Å¢ò¾¡Öõ «õ¦Á¡Æ¢ì¸¡ÃÕìÌ «ÅÁ¡É§Á ÅÕž¡Ìõ. «ùÅÇ× ¿¡¸Ã¢¸ÁüÈÉ «¨Å. «¨Å ¯ñ¼¡ÌÓý Á¨Ä¿¡Îó ¦¾ÖíÌ¿¡Îó ¾Á¢ú ¿¡¼¡¸§Å ¢Õó¾É. ÒЦÁ¡Æ¢¸û ¯ñ¼¡¸ ¯ñ¼¡¸ ¿¡Î¸û À¢Ã¢Ôõ. Á츦ǡüÚ¨Á ̨ÄÔõ. ´ù¦Å¡Õ ÁÉ¢¾ÛìÌõ ´ù¦Å¡Õ ¦Á¡Æ¢Ôñ¼¡¸¢ ´ÕÅý §ÀÍÅÐ ÁüÈÅÛìÌ Å¢Çí¸¡Áø ±øÄ¡ Áì¸Ùõ ´üÚ¨ÁÂüÚ ¿¡ºÁ¡Å¡÷. þ¾ü¸¢¨ºó¾ ´Õ ¦ºö¾¢¨Âô ¨ÀÀ¢ø ¬¾¢ 11-¬õ «ò¾¢Â¡Âò¾¢ü ¸¡ñ¸. ¬¸§Å ÒЦÁ¡Æ¢¸¨Ç ¯ñ¼¡ì¸ §Åñ¼¡õ. «Ð ¿¢Â¡ÂÁ¡¸¡Ð. ¸¡ó¾¢Ôõ ¸¡í¸¢ÃÍõ «¾¨É µ÷¸. ¿¡Îº£÷ôÀ¼ §ÅñÎÁ¡É¡ø ¿¡¸Ã¢¸ÁüÈ ¦Á¡Æ¢¸û ´Æ¢Â §ÅñÎõ. ¸¡ó¾¢ ¿¢¨ÉìÌõ þóЊ¾¡É¢Â¡¾¢ ÒЦÁ¡Æ¢¸û §¾¡ýÚ¾ø ܼ¡Ð. «È¢»÷ «¨¾ Å¢¨ÃóÐ ¾Îì¸ §ÅñÎõ.
¸øÅ¢ ÁÉ¢¾Å¢Âø. ´ÕÅý ±ó¾ «Ç×ìÌô ÀÊì¸Å¢ÕõÒ¸¢È¡§É¡ «ó¾ «Ç×ìÌ «Åý ź¾¢ ¦ÀÈ §ÅñÎõ. «ùź¾¢¨Â ¯ñ¼¡ì¸¢ ¦¸¡ÎôÀÐ «ÃÍ. ±ó¾ «ÃÍõ ÌÈ¢ôÀ¢ð¼ «ÇÅ¢ø ´ÕÅý ÀÊô¨Àò¾ÎòШÅò¾ø ¾ÅÚ. §ÅÚ ÀÄ ¸¡Ã½í¸¨Çì ¸Õ¾¢ «Ð ¾Îì¸Ä¡õ. ¬Â¢Ûõ «ò¾¨¼ «ùÅú¢ý §¿¡ì¸Á¡Â¢Õò¾ø ܼ¡Ð. ¦ºý¨É Á¡¸¡½ò¾¡÷ þ󾢨 ±Ø¾ôÀÊì¸ Á¡ò¾¢Ãí ¸üÚ즸¡ñ¼¡ü§À¡Ð¦ÁýÚ «õÁ¡¸¡½ò¾ÃÍ ¦º¡øÖ¸¢ýÈÐ. «ùÅÈ¢× ¬í¸¢Äò¾¢ø Working Knowledge ±ÉôÀÎõ. ¸øÅ¢ Áó¾¢Ã¢Â¡¸¢Â Å¢.§ƒ. Å¡÷츢¦ÂýÀÅ÷ 2-3-1939 þóÐÅ¢ø "All that they wanted was that the childern of Madura and Trichinopoly should be able to talk with northerners and so have easy communication so that the future ministers coming from the different parts of our country might be able to speak in a language of our own with self-respect and so that they could understand the language. That was what was meant by a working knowledge of Hindustani" ±ýÚ «ùÅÈ¢¨Å Å¢Çì̸¢È¡÷. «Ð ¦ºý¨ÉÂú¢ý §¿¡ì¸Á¡¸ þÕì¸ ÓÊ¡Ð. ¦ºý¨É Á¡¸¡½ Áì¸¨Ç ²Á¡üÚï ¦º¡ø§Ä «Ð. À¢ýÛûÇ Áì¸û þ󾢨Âô âýÁ¡¸ì ¸ü¸§ÅñΦÁýÈ ±ñ½ò¾¢üÌ «ùÅ¢Çì¸õ Å¢¨¾§Â¡Ìõ. ¬ÃõÀò¾¢ø ¬í¸¢Ä «Ã¨º þì¸ñ¼ò¾¢ø ¿¼ò¾ì ÌÁ¡Š¾¡ì¸û §Åñ¼ôÀð¼É÷. ̨Èó¾ ºõÀÇì ÌÁ¡Š¾ì¸û §À¡Ðõ. «îºõÀÇòÐìÌ þí¸¢Ä¡ó¾¢Ä¢ÕóР¡Õõ ÅÃÁ¡ð¼¡÷. Àþ ¸ñ¼òÐ Áì¸ÙìÌí ¦¸¡ïº ¬í¸¢Ä ¦Á¡Æ¢ÂȢצ¸¡ÎòÐÅ¢ð¼¡ø «ÅÕìÌû§Ç§Â «ìÌÁ¡Š¾¡ì¸û ¸¢¨¼ì¸ìÜÎõ. ¬í¸¢§ÄÂ÷ Àþ¸ñ¼ò¾¡÷ìÌ ¬í¸¢Äí ¸üÀ¢ì¸ò ¦¾¡¼í¸¢Â §À¡Ð ¦¸¡ñ¼ §¿¡ì¸õ «Ð§Å. ¬É¡ø þô§À¡Ð þó¿¡ðÊø ¬í¸¢Ä¦Á¡Æ¢ ±ôÀÊ¢Õ츢ÈÐ? þíÌûÇ ±øÄ¡¦Á¡Æ¢¸ÙìÌõ «Ð «Ãº¡¸Á¢Ç¢÷¸¢ýÈÐ. «ôÀʧ þó¾¢ì¸øÅ¢Ôí ¦¸¡ïºÁ¢Õó¾¡ü §À¡Ð¦ÁýÚ ¬ÃõÀò¾¢ø ¦º¡øÄôÀÎõ. «ôÀ¡ø «¾É¡ðº¢Ôõ þõÁ¡¸¡½ò¾¢ø ¾ôÀ¡Ð. þõÁ¡¸¡½ ¦Á¡Æ¢¸û ¬í¸¢Äò¾¡ø ´Ç¢Â¢ÆôÀÐ §À¡ø þó¾¢Â¡Öõ ´Ç¢Â¢Æ츧Š¦ºöÔõ.
¾Á¢Æ÷ ¬í¸¢Äò¾¢Öõ þóЊ¾¡É¢Â¢Öï º¢Èó¾ ¸Å¢¸Ä¡¸§ÅñΦÁýÈ ±ñ½õ ¾õÁÅ÷츢ø¨Ä ¦ÂýÚõ «ó¾ Áó¾¢Ã¢ þóÐÅ¢ü ¦º¡ø¸¢È¡÷ "They did not want to raise poets in English and Hindustani from TamilNad" ±ýÀÐ «Ð. ±ò¾¨É§Â¡ ¾Á¢Æ÷ ¬í¸¢Äõ ÀÊòÐ «õ¦Á¡Æ¢Â¢ü º¢Èó¾ áÄ¡º¢Ã¢ÂḠþÕó¾¢Õ츢ýÈÉ÷. «ôÀʧ «Å÷ þ󾢨ÂôÀÊò¾¡ø ¾¡Á¡¸§Å ¸Å¢¸Ç¡¸Ä¡õ. ¸¡í¸¢Ãº¡ÕìÌ «ó§¿¡ì¸õ þÕôÀÐõ þøÄ¡¦¾¡Æ¢ÅÐõ ´ý§È. «Å÷ìÌ «ó§¿¡ì¸Á¢ø¨Ä ¦ÂýÀÐ ´Õ Ýú. þó¾¢Â¢ü ¸Å¢Â¡Ìó ¾Á¢Æ¨É «Å÷ ¾ñÊÀ¡Ã¡? «¾üÌ ±ó¾ì ¸¢Ã¢Á¢Éø ºð¼õ À¢Ã§Â¡¸¢ì¸ôÀÎõ? ¦ºý¨É «…õÀ¢Ç¢ò ¾¨ÄÅḢ ÒÖÍ º¡õÀã÷ò¾¢ ´ù¦Å¡Õ Á¡¸¡½òÐ ¦Á¡Æ¢Â¢Öõ ¯ûÇ þÄ츢Âí¸û þó¾¢Â¢ü ¦ÀÂ÷ì¸ôÀ¼§ÅñΦÁý¸¢È¡÷. Mr. Sambamurthi said that the great cultural heredity of all provincial languages should be infused into Hindi which should be enriched in all aspects"....He "said that Andhra historical dramas should be written in Hindi. He announced that a prize should be awarded to the best writer of a Hindi drama relating to Andhra History" ±ýÈ 30-12-1938 Á¾Ã¡Š ¦Á¢ø ¸¡ñ¸. «í¹Éõ ¦ÀÂ÷ì¸ÅøÄ ÁüȦÁ¡Æ¢ì¸¡Ãý þó¾¢Â¢ü ¸Å¢»¡É¸×õ þÕì¸Ä¡Áý§È¡? Å¡÷츢 «Å¨Éò ¾ñÊì¸ Ó¾Ä¢ø ²üÀ¡Î ¦ºö¸.
þóÐ Óº¢Ä£õ ´üÚ¨Á¨Â ¯ñ¼¡ì¸ÅøÄ ¦Á¡Æ¢§Â Àþ¸ñ¼ò¾¢ü ¦À¡Ð¦Á¡Æ¢Â¡¸ ÅøÄÐ; «Ð ¾ÉìÌî ¦º¡ó¾Áøľ¡Õõ «í¸£¸Ã¢ì¸ò¾ì¸¾¡Â¢Õ츧ÅñÎõ ±ý¸¢È¡÷ «õÁó¾¢Ã¢. þóЊ¾¡É¢¨Âì ÌÈ¢ôÀ¾¡Ìõ «Ð. A common language "must be such that it could not only serve the purpose of Hindu-Muslim unity but also one which could be easily adopted by the rest of India which did not speak that language" ±ýÚ «Å÷ ¦º¡ýɨ¾ «ó¾ þóÐÅ¢ü ¸¡ñ¸. º¡ò¾ý ´Õ þóÐ. þÍÁ¡Â¢ø ´Õ Óº¢Ä£õ. þÕÅÕó ¾Á¢Æ÷, §¿º÷. «Å÷ ¦¾ÖíÌ ¿¡ðÊüÌô §À¡¸¢ýÈÉ÷. ´Õ þÒᆣõ ±¾¢÷ôÀθ¢È¡ý. «Åý ´Õ ¦¾ÖíÌ Óº¢Ä£õ. «ÅÛìÌõ º¡ò¾ÛìÌõ ºñ¨¼ ¯ñ¼¡¸¢ÈÐ. þÍÁ¡Â¢ø º¡ò¾Û¼ý §º÷ÅÉ¡? þÀ¢Ã¡¸£Ó¼ý §º÷óÐ ¦¸¡ûÅÉ¡? º¡ò¾¨ÉÅ¢ðÎ þÒḣӼýÈ¡ý §º÷Å¡ý «Åý. «îºÁÂò¾¢ø ¾Á¢ú¦Á¡Æ¢ þÍÁ¡Â¢¨ÄÔõ º¡ò¾¨ÉÔõ ´ýÚôÀÎò¾¡Ð. þÍÄ¡Á¢Â Á¾§Á «ùÅ¢Õ¦Á¡Æ¢ Óº¢Ä£õ¸¨ÇÔõ ´ýÚÀÎò¾¢Å¢Îõ. þù×ñ¨Á¨Â ±íÌõ ±ýÚõ ±ÅÕõ §¿Ã¢ü ¸¡½Ä¡õ. ¾Á¢ØìÌûÇ §Â¡ì¸¢Â¨¾§Â þóЊ¾¡É¢ìÌÓñÎ. þóЊ¾¡É¢ ´Õ ¦Á¡Æ¢ Óº¢Ä£¨ÁÔõ þý¦É¡Õ ¦Á¡Æ¢ Óº¢Ä£¨ÁÔõ ´ýÚ ÀÎò¾Åøľ¡? ´Õ ¦Á¡Æ¢ þóШÅÔõ þý¦É¡Õ ¦Á¡Æ¢ þóШÅÔõ ÜðʨÅì¸Åøľ¡? ´Õ ¦Á¡Æ¢ Óº¢Ä£¨ÁÔõ þý¦É¡Õ ¦Á¡Æ¢ þóШÅÔõ §º÷òШÅì¸ Åøľ¡? ´ý¨ÈÔõ «Ð ¦ºöÂÁ¡ð¼¡Ð. ´Õ ¦Á¡Æ¢ Óº¢Ä£¨ÁÔõ þý¦É¡Õ ¦Á¡Æ¢ Óº¢Ä£¨ÁÔõ þóЊ¾¡É¢Â¢ÖûÇ þÍÄ¡Á¢ö ºÁÂ츨ĸ§Ç ÜðʨÅìÌõ. «îº¡Á÷ò¾¢Âõ «õ¦Á¡Æ¢¨Âî º¡Ã¡Ð. ż¿¡ðÊø þóЊ¾¡É¢¨Âô §ÀÍõ þóÐ ÓºøÁ¡ý¸û «Êì¸Ê ¾õÓð ºñ¨¼Â¢ðÎì ¦¸¡ûÅР¡÷ìÌó ¦¾Ã¢Ôõ.
Á¡¸¡½ «Ã¨º ¿¼ò¾ Á¡¸¡½ ¦Á¡Æ¢¸Ùõ º÷ÅÁ¡¸¡½ «Ã¨ºÔõ §¾º «Ã¨ºÔõ ¿¼ò¾ þó¾¢Ôõ º÷ŧ¾º «Ã¨º ¿¼ò¾ ¬í¸¢ÄÓõ «Åº¢Âõ ±ý¸¢È¡÷ ¸¡ó¾¢. Mr.Gandhi foresaw the possibility of provincial languages retaining their local use and Hindi becoming the inter-provincial and national language, while English would maintain its international position. ±ýÀ¨¾ 20-4-1935 þóÐÅ¢ü ¸¡ñ¸. Àþ ¸ñ¼òÐìÌìÌò §¾º À¡¨„ ¸¢¨¼Â¡Ð. þó¾¢ þÃñ¦¼¡Õ Á¡¸¡½í¸Ù째 ¦º¡ó¾õ. ¬¨¸Â¡ø «Ð þóЊ¾¡É¢ ӾĢ¦ÅøÄ¡õ Á¡¸¡½ ¦Á¡Æ¢¸§Ç. «¨Å ÁüÈ Á¡¸¡½í¸ÙìÌ «ó¿¢Âõ. ¬í¸¢Äõ À¢øÅÐ Àþ¸ñ¼òÐìÌ «ÅÁ¡É¦ÁÉî ¦º¡øÄôÀθ¢ÈÐ. «ôÀʧ «Âø Á¡¸¡½òЦÁ¡Æ¢¸¨Çì ¸ð¼¡Âò¾¡ü À¢øÅÐõ «ÅÁ¡ÉÁ¡Ìõ. þó¾¢ Ó¾Ä¢ÂÅü¨È ÁüÈ Á¡¸¡½í¸û þÉ¢ò ¾¡ý À墀 §ÅñÎõ. ¬í¸¢Äõ ÓýɧÁ§Â Àþ¸ñ¼¦ÁíÌõ ÀÃŢŢð¼Ð. «õ¦Á¡Æ¢ôÀ¢üº¢ þóÐ Óº¢Ä£õ¸ÙìÌû ´üÚ¨Á¨Â ¯ñÎÀñ½¡Å¢ð¼¡Öõ §ÅüÚ¨Á¨Â ¯ñÎÀñ½¡Ð. º÷ŧ¾º À¡¨„¦ÂÉ ´ýÈ¢ø¨Ä. ¬í¸¢ÄòÐìÌ «ô¦ÀÕ¨Á Åó¾Ð. «Ð Àþ¸ñ¼òÐìÌò §¾º À¡¨„¡¸×õ ²É¢Õò¾ø ܼ¡Ð? ¿ýÈ¡¸ þÕì¸Ä¡õ. þì¸ñ¼ò¾¢ø Á¡¸¡½ ¦Á¡Æ¢¸Ç¢Öõ º÷ÅÁ¡¸¡½ §¾º º÷ŧ¾º «ÃÍ ¬í¸¢Äò¾¢Öõ ¿¨¼¦ÀÈø ÌüÈÁ¡¸¡Ð. À¡Ã¾Áì¸ÙìÌ «¾É¡ü ÀÄ ¦¾¡ø¨Ä¸û ¿£íÌõ. ÀÄ ¿Äý¸û ¦ÀÕÌõ.
´Õ¿¡Î ÓýÛìÌ ÅçÅñÎõ. «¾ü¦¸¡Õ ¦À¡Ð ¦Á¡Æ¢Â¢ÕôÀРŢÕõÀò¾ì¸Ð ¾¡ý. ¬É¡ü Àþ¸ñ¼õ ´Õ ¿¡¼¡? «Ð ´Õ ¸ñ¼õ. «¾¢ü ÀÄ ¿¡Î¸û ÀĦÁ¡Æ¢¸û ÀÄ ºÁÂí¸û ÀÄ º¡¾¢¸û ÀÄ ºã¸í¸û þÕ츢ýÈÉ. þ󿢨Ä¢ø «¾ü¦¸¡Õ¦À¡Ð¦Á¡Æ¢ «¨ÁÔÁ¡? Àþ¸ñ¼òÐìÌ ´Õ ¦À¡Ð¦Á¡Æ¢ §¾ÎÅÐõ ´ýÚ. ¦º¡ó¾¦Á¡Æ¢ôÀüÚ «ó¿¢Â¦Á¡Æ¢ì ¸ð¼¡Âò¨¾ ¯Å÷ôÀ¢ì¸§Å ¦ºöÔõ. ³§Ã¡ôÀ¡ì¸ñ¼òÐìÌ Äò¾£ý §À¡ýÈÐ Àþ ¸ñ¼òÐìÌ ºõŠ¸¢Õ¾õ. ÀÄ ¦Á¡Æ¢¸ÙûÇ ¸ñ¼ò¾¢ø «Ãºô ¦À¡Ð¦Á¡Æ¢Â¢ÕôÀÐ Ð÷ÄÀõ. þÕó¾¡Öõ «ùÅú¢ÕìÌõ Ũç «¾ý ¦À¡Ð¦Á¡Æ¢ìÌõ ¬Ôû. «Ð §À¡É¡ø þÐ×õ §À¡öÅ¢Îõ. "In Europe in the Middle Ages, there was a common language current in all countries, the lingua franca of Europe. From Spain to Russia and Sweden to Italy, all countries used that language for mutual communication and for common contact. None of them felt that their own language or literature was in jeopardy...." ±ý¸¢È¡÷ º§Ã¡ƒ¢É¢. 17-12-1938 þóÐì ¸¡ñ¸. ³§Ã¡ôÀ¡Å¢ø þ¨¼ì¸¡Äò¾¢ø ´Õ ¦À¡Ð¦Á¡Æ¢ þÕóòÐ; Š¦À¢ý Ó¾ø É¡Ũà ÍÅ£¼ý Ó¾ø þò¾¡Ä¢ Ũà ±øÄ¡§¾ºí¸Ùõ ºÁ¡º¡Ãô §À¡ìÌÅÃòÐìÌõ ºõÀó¾òÐìÌõ «õ¦Á¡Æ¢ ÅÆí¸¢Åó¾É; «¾É¡ø «ùÅò§¾ºò¾¡Ã¢ý ¦º¡ó¾ ¦Á¡Æ¢Â¡ÅÐ «õ¦Á¡Æ¢Â¢Ä츢ÂÁ¡ÅÐ À¡¾¸Á¨¼ÂÅ¢ø¨Ä ±ýÀÐ «¾ý ¸ÕòÐ. «ôÀÊ ´Õ ¦À¡Ð¦Á¡Æ¢ ¢Õ󾾡? «¾ü¸¡¾¡Ã¦ÁýÉ? «ô¦À¡Ð¦Á¡Æ¢ ¢Ä츢Âõ ´ýÈ¡ÅÐ þô§À¡Ð «¸ôÀÎÁ¡? «¨Å¦ÂøÄ¡õ ºó§¾¸õ. ŢŸ¡Ãò¾¢ý ¦À¡ÕðÎ «ô¦À¡Ð¦Á¡Æ¢ ¢Õó¾ ¦¾ýÀ¨¾ ¯¼ýÀ¼Ä¡õ. þô§À¡Ð «õ¦Á¡Æ¢ ±í§¸? «·Ð ²ý ¦ºò¾Ð? ±øÄ¡ò §¾ºí¸¨ÇÔõ ´ýÚÀÎò¾¢ Å󾾡¸î ¦º¡øÄôÀð¼ «¾üÌ «Æ¢× ÅÃÄ¡Á¡? ÀÄŨ¸ ¦Á¡Æ¢Â¢É¨Ã ´ýÚÀÎò¾¢ ´§Ã «Ãº¢ý ¸£ú þÕóÐõ ¬üÈø ¦À¡Ð¦Á¡Æ¢ìÌ þᦾýÀÐ «¾É¡ø Å¢Çí¸Å¢ø¨Ä¡? ¬¨¸Â¡ø ¦À¡Ð¦Á¡Æ¢¦ÂýÀÐ ¦º¡øĢ즸¡ñÎ ´Õ ¾¢Èò¾¡÷ ¦Á¡Æ¢¨Â þý¦É¡Õò¾¢Èò¾¡÷ ¾¨Ä¢ü ÍÁò¾ §Åñ¼¡õ. þÐ ¾¡ý ¦À¡Ð¦Á¡Æ¢ ¦ÂýÚ ÒЦÁ¡Æ¢¨Â ¯ñ¼¡ì¸ §Åñ¼¡õ. «ÅÃÅ÷ ¦º¡ó¾ ¦Á¡Æ¢¨Â§Â «ÅÃÅ÷ À¢ÄðÎõ. «¾¨É§Â «Å÷ìÌ ¸ð¼¡Â À¡¼Á¡ì̸. «¾Û¼ý ¯ÕШŠþÍÄ¡Á¢ÂÕìÌõ ºõŠ¸¢Õ¾ò¨¾ þóÐì¸ÙìÌí ¸ð¼¡ÂÁ¡ì¸Ä¡õ. ÁüÈ ¦Á¡Æ¢¸¨Ç þð¼À¡¼Á¡ìÌŧ¾ Ó¨È.
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